Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior最新文献_第2页

Memory for the surface structure of sentences: Remembering with and without awareness 对句子表面结构的记忆:有意识和无意识地记忆

Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-10-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90364-5

Michael E.J. Masson

引用次数: 50

Retrieval without recollection: An experimental analysis of source amnesia 无回忆提取:源性失忆症的实验分析

Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-10-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90373-6

Daniel L. Schacter, Joanne L. Harbluk, Donald R. McLachlan

{"title":"Retrieval without recollection: An experimental analysis of source amnesia","authors":"Daniel L. Schacter, Joanne L. Harbluk, Donald R. McLachlan","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90373-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90373-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Clinical observations suggest that patients with organic memory disorders sometimes exhibit the phenomenon of <em>source amnesia:</em> retrieval of experimentally presented information without any recollection of the episode in which it was acquired. To investigate source amnesia experimentally, a paradigm was developed in which either of two experimenters read subjects statements about fictional characteristics of well-known and unknown people; retention of items and sources was tested after varying delays. In Experiment 1, a group of patients with severe memory disorders exhibited source amnesia frequently after retention intervals of just seconds or minutes: On nearly .40 of the trials that they retrieved a target item, patients failed to recollect that <em>either</em> of the sources had imparted it to them. Experiment 2 demonstrated that when normal subjects' level of item recall was equivalent to that of amnesics, they exhibited significantly less source amnesia: Normals rarely failed to recollect that a retrieved item derived from either of the two sources, although they often forgot which of the two experimenters was the correct source. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for theories of normal and abnormal memory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior","volume":"23 5","pages":"Pages 593-611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90373-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55830980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 512

Frequency judgments for distractor items in a short-term memory task: Instructional variation and adult age differences 短期记忆任务中干扰项的频率判断:教学差异和成人年龄差异

Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-10-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90409-2

Donald H. Kausler, Wemara Lichty, Malekeh K. Hakami

引用次数: 29

Two stages of word processing during eye fixations in the reading of prose 散文阅读中眼睛注视时文字处理的两个阶段

Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-10-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90382-7

Albrecht Werner Inhoff

引用次数: 235

Verbal ability and text structure effects on adult age differences in text recall 言语能力和篇章结构对成人篇章回忆差异的影响

Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-10-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90355-4

Roger A. Dixon, David F. Hultsch, Elliott W. Simon , Alexander von Eye

{"title":"Verbal ability and text structure effects on adult age differences in text recall","authors":"Roger A. Dixon, David F. Hultsch, Elliott W. Simon , Alexander von Eye","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90355-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90355-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Young adults are generally better than older adults at remembering information from text materials. Previous research investigating the nature of these differences has produced conflicting results. Two sets of variables that influence age-related patterns of text recall are examined in the present study. Specifically, the effects of verbal ability level and text structure variables (number of arguments in the text and level of information in the text) on the text recall of younger (20–39 years), middle-aged (40–57 years), and older (60–84 years) adults are investigated. The subjects read and recalled short texts on health and nutrition. Subjects' recall protocols were scored according to the propositional system of W. Kintsch (<em>The Representation of Meaning in Memory</em>, 1974, Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum). Age differences in the discovery and utilization of the organizational structure of texts were found to be mediated by both subject ability and text structure variables. Specifically, for adults with low verbal ability, age-related differences in recall were greater for the main ideas than for the details of the texts. For adults with high verbal ability the reverse was true. Finally, the hypothesis that age differences in recall would be minimized when there were fewer arguments or concepts in the text received only modest support.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior","volume":"23 5","pages":"Pages 569-578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90355-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55830957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 82

Activation makes words more accessible, but not necessarily more retrievable 激活使单词更容易理解，但不一定更容易检索

Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-10-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90346-3

Peter Graf , George Mandler

引用次数: 762

A developmental analysis of story recall and comprehension in adulthood 成人故事回忆与理解的发展分析

Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-10-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90400-6

Rhonda G. Mandel, Nancy S. Johnson

引用次数: 37

Markedness and topic continuity in discourse processing 语篇处理中的标记性与话题连续性

Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-08-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90309-8

Charles R. Fletcher

引用次数: 78

Priming macropropositions: Evidence for the primacy of macropropositions in the memory for text 启动宏观命题:文本记忆中宏观命题首要性的证据

Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-08-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90327-X

Raymonde Guindon, Walter Kintsch

{"title":"Priming macropropositions: Evidence for the primacy of macropropositions in the memory for text","authors":"Raymonde Guindon, Walter Kintsch","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90327-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90327-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Subjects read paragraphs which contained explicit summarizing statements expressing a macroproposition. They were then given a word recognition test. When two words from the summarizing statement were presented on successive trials on the recognition test, responses to the second word were faster and more likely to be correct than for word pairs from a sentence from the microstructure of the text, which in turn were faster (but with equal error rates) than responses to test words from different sentences. When the summarizing statements were omitted from the paragraphs, macrowords had a higher false alarm rate and longer reaction times than thematically related distractor items, while thematically unrelated distractors produced the smallest false alarm rate and the fastest responses. These results were obtained whether or not subjects were required to write a summary before taking the recognition test. It was concluded that subjects form macrostructures during reading as an integral component of the comprehension process, and not just in response to certain task demands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 508-518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90327-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55830926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 54

Segmental phonology and the perception of syntactic structure 音段音系与句法结构的感知

Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior Pub Date : 1984-08-01 Epub Date: 2004-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90291-3

Donia R. Scott, Anne Cutler

引用次数: 88