Biotropica最新文献

{"title":"Temperature-Dependent and Temperature-Independent Changes in Photosynthetic Traits Across the Day in the Tropical Tree Calophyllum inophyllum","authors":"Juan C. Mejía-Medina,&nbsp;Roxana Alveo,&nbsp;Martijn Slot","doi":"10.1111/btp.70202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tropical forests play a crucial role in global carbon cycling but face increasing stress from rising temperatures and atmospheric drought (vapor pressure deficit, VPD). While most studies assess photosynthetic performance at fixed time points, short-term diurnal variation in photosynthetic parameters remains underexplored. We examined how the optimum temperature of photosynthesis, photosynthetic capacity, electron transport rate, and thermal tolerance vary throughout the day in tropical tree species <i>Calophyllum inophyllum</i>. Morning and afternoon measurements were conducted using gas exchange (<i>FAsTeR</i> and Dynamic A-Ci methods) and chlorophyll fluorescence. Photosynthetic capacity declined significantly in the afternoon, with lower light-saturated photosynthesis rates, <i>A</i>_<i>max</i> (−29%), maximum carboxylation rate, Vc_max (−32%), and triose-phosphate utilization rate, TPU (−21%) than in the morning, despite consistent measurement conditions. These declines were not driven by stomatal or mesophyll conductance, suggesting biochemical downregulation. In contrast, thermal tolerance metrics (<i>T</i>₅₀ and <i>T</i>_crit) remained stable between morning and afternoon, indicating decoupling between heat tolerance and metabolic performance. Our findings support a physiological strategy in <i>C. inophyllum</i> that prioritizes morning carbon gain and modulates photosynthetic efficiency throughout the day without compromising heat tolerance. This dynamic regulation underscores the need to account for diurnal variation and temperature-sensitive constraints into models of tropical forest function. Relying on photosynthetic capacity estimated under favorable morning conditions risks overestimating carbon uptake under future climate scenarios.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8982,"journal":{"name":"Biotropica","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Patterns of Composition, Richness and Endemicity of Cyperaceae Across Open and Closed Habitats in Madagascar's Central Highlands”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/btp.70204","DOIUrl":"10.1111/btp.70204","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Rasaminirina, F., Wieczorkowski, J.D., Rakotoarimanana, V., Rafaralahy, V.L., Rakotonirina, N., Ralimanana, H. and Larridon, I. (2026), Patterns of Composition, Richness and Endemicity of Cyperaceae Across Open and Closed Habitats in Madagascar's Central Highlands. Biotropica, 58: e70160. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.70160.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S5 was inadvertently published as an older version generated from a subset of the data. No changes have been made to the data or code: the complete dataset and R scripts were deposited prior to publication in Figshare (Rasaminirina et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), already cited in the article. We therefore remove Table S5 and direct readers to the Figshare repository to reproduce the correct co-inertia results. The total inertia reported in Section 3.3 should therefore be 12.1 rather than 17.18.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“&lt;i&gt;Cyperus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Scleria&lt;/i&gt; can be found across all three habitat types, whereas &lt;i&gt;Cyperus&lt;/i&gt; species are most species-rich in the dry open habitat and &lt;i&gt;Scleria&lt;/i&gt; species in the wet open. &lt;i&gt;Bulbostylis&lt;/i&gt; occurs in wet open and dry open, of which 80% of species grow in the dry open habitat. &lt;i&gt;Fimbristylis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Rhynchospora&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Fuirena&lt;/i&gt; also occur in both open habitats, of which respectively 80%, 70% and 80% of the species grow in the wet open habitat. &lt;i&gt;Costularia&lt;/i&gt; occur both in closed and dry open habitats, with two (2) inventoried in dry open habitat and one (1) in closed. The unique species of &lt;i&gt;Abildgaardia&lt;/i&gt; was found both in dry open and wet open habitats. Each habitat also had unique genera, with the monospecific &lt;i&gt;Coleochloa&lt;/i&gt; only found in dry open habitat, &lt;i&gt;Carex&lt;/i&gt; in the closed habitat, and &lt;i&gt;Eleocharis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Schoenoplectiella&lt;/i&gt; in wet open habitat (Figure 3).”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It should read:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“High Cyperaceae genus richness was observed in both dry open and wet open habitats, with nine present in each, while only four genera (&lt;i&gt;Carex, Costularia, Cyperus&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Scleria&lt;/i&gt;) were found in closed habitats, confirming previous research by Cremers and Hoff (1993). Certain genera are specific to a particular habitat type; for instance, &lt;i&gt;Eleocharis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Schoenoplectiella&lt;/i&gt; were found exclusively in open habitats, &lt;i&gt;Coleochloa&lt;/i&gt; in dry open habitats, and Carex only in closed habitats. This suggests the potential for using Cyperaceae genera as indicator taxa for specific habitat types in Madagascar's Central Highlands. The presence of &lt;i&gt;Cyperus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Scleria&lt;/i&gt; across all habitat types, along with genera such as &lt;i&gt;Abildgaardia&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Bulbostylis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Fimbristylis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Fuirena&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Rhynchospora&lt;/i&gt; in both dry open and wet open or closed and dry open habitats, demonstrates the cosmopolitan nature of the family, justifying its broad distribution range.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It should read:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“High Cyperaceae genus richness was observed in both dry open and wet open habitats, while only three genera (&lt;i&gt;Carex&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Cyperus&lt;/i&gt;, an","PeriodicalId":8982,"journal":{"name":"Biotropica","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/btp.70204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stemflow Dynamics in the Jamari National Forest (Brazilian Amazon): I. The Role of Tree Structure","authors":"Jeferson Alberto de Lima,&nbsp;John Toland Van Stan II,&nbsp;Karolina Lewińska,&nbsp;Agnieszka Dradrach,&nbsp;Jakub Ceglarek,&nbsp;Kelly Cristina Tonello","doi":"10.1111/btp.70195","DOIUrl":"10.1111/btp.70195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A portion of rainfall that contacts tree canopies is drained down tree stems as stemflow. Stemflow is an underexamined component of rainfall partitioning in tropical forests. To investigate how tree canopy structural attributes influence stemflow in the Brazilian Amazon, we measured stemflow, rainfall, and dendrometric parameters of 56 trees in the Jamari National Forest. We categorized trees by crown area (CA), diameter at breast height (D), height-to-width ratio (H:W), and bark texture, and analyzed stemflow variability through correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, interaction modeling, and polynomial approaches. Results showed that H:W emerged as the strongest single predictor (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), with slender trees directing significantly more water down their trunks than broader forms. Smooth-barked species exhibited higher stemflow yields than rough- and fissured-barked species, underscoring the importance of bark properties. Although crown area and diameter both influenced stemflow, they did so in complex, sometimes subtle ways: smaller-crowned and smaller-diameter trees generally exhibited higher stemflow fractions. Interaction effects further improved model performance (R² up to 0.60), indicating that structural traits operate collectively rather than in isolation. This nuanced interplay among canopy geometry, trunk dimensions, and bark texture suggests that effective forest hydrological models must move beyond single-trait simplifications. Overall, our findings highlight the ecohydrological importance of structural diversity in tropical forests—particularly as deforestation, selective logging, and climate change may alter species composition and trait distributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8982,"journal":{"name":"Biotropica","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/btp.70195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Contamination Affects Associated Bacterial Communities in a Neotropical Arboreal Ant","authors":"Marília R. Bitar,&nbsp;Aristóteles Góes-Neto,&nbsp;Paulo S. Oliveira,&nbsp;Corrie S. Moreau,&nbsp;Sérvio P. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1111/btp.70200","DOIUrl":"10.1111/btp.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental stressors such as contamination from mining tailings can alter microbial communities associated with insects, including social ants. Ants, as widespread and ecologically influential insects with stable microbial associations, offer a relevant model to examine these effects. We investigate whether exposure to iron-rich tailings from a mining disaster is linked to changes in the diversity and composition of cuticle-associated bacterial communities in the arboreal ant <i>Azteca chartifex</i>. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we compared ants from contaminated and protected areas in the Atlantic Forest. We tested whether bacterial diversity and community composition differ between environments and whether contamination is associated with changes in the ants' population-level core microbiota and the occurrence of indicator taxa. Ants from the contaminated area exhibited higher alpha diversity and a more variable microbiota across populations, while those from the protected area showed more similar microbiota. Community composition differed significantly between protected and contaminated environments, and distinct bioindicator bacteria were associated with each site. While our design was constrained by temporal and spatial separation between sites, the consistent core bacterial community across protected populations suggests that contamination, rather than distance, primarily explains the observed patterns. These results indicate that environmental contamination may influence ants' bacterial communities, potentially reflecting a response to ecological stress and altering microbe–host–environment interactions. This study provides a first assessment of how exposure to mining tailings may shape the microbiota associated with a dominant arboreal ant species and contributes to our understanding of insect–microbe dynamics in disturbed tropical ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8982,"journal":{"name":"Biotropica","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/btp.70200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Recovery or Shrubland Assembly? Vegetation Dynamics in Abandoned Atlantic Forest Highland Pastures","authors":"Maria Julia Carvalho Cruz,&nbsp;Ana Carolina da Silva,&nbsp;Karla Juliana Silva da Costa,&nbsp;Drielly Bentes Gomes,&nbsp;Guilherme Schneider de Moura,&nbsp;Samuel de Barros Silva,&nbsp;Pedro Higuchi","doi":"10.1111/btp.70191","DOIUrl":"10.1111/btp.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding successional trajectories in abandoned lands is critical for predicting forest recovery potential in the Atlantic Forest, a global biodiversity hotspot. Over a decade of field monitoring (2014–2025) in permanent plots in the subtropical highlands of southern Brazil, we analyzed the dynamics of tree-shrub components in abandoned pastures established after cloud forest clearing, tracking temporal changes in abundance, species richness, height, and floristic similarity to reference forests. We used Generalized Additive Mixed Models and survival analysis to assess temporal trends and mortality patterns. Abandoned pastures showed significant increases in woody plant abundance (+62.5%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and species richness (+55.5%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with mean height increasing marginally (+13%, <i>p</i> = 0.041). However, floristic similarity to forest reference communities remained unchanged at approximately 20% throughout the monitoring period (<i>p</i> = 0.987). Survival analysis revealed higher seedling survival in abandoned pastures compared to natural grassland (HR = 8.77, 95% CI: 6.62–11.61). The contrasting patterns between structural recovery (increasing abundance and richness) and the absence of compositional convergence toward forest communities (static floristic similarity) suggest that abandoned highland pastures may be developing along divergent successional trajectories rather than progressing toward forest recovery. These findings raise questions about whether passive regeneration alone can achieve forest recovery goals within reasonable restoration timeframes in subtropical highlands with similar land-use histories.</p>","PeriodicalId":8982,"journal":{"name":"Biotropica","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/btp.70191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, Molecular, and Isotopic Approaches to Termite Ecology: A Mangrove Case Study","authors":"Robin Casalla,&nbsp;Rafik Neme,&nbsp;Judith Korb","doi":"10.1111/btp.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.70199","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the structure, functional roles, and assembly of termite communities remains challenging because cryptic diversity, overlapping feeding strategies, and methodological limitations often obscure ecological differentiation. Integrating complementary approaches can address these constraints, yet their joint ability to resolve community structure remains poorly evaluated. Here, we examine how morphological, molecular, stable isotope, and phylogenetic approaches contribute, individually and in combination, to understanding termite community composition, trophic organization, and assembly mechanisms. We applied a standardized integrative framework combining transect-based sampling, morphological and molecular species identification, stable isotope analyses (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C), and phylogenetic community metrics. This framework was assessed using a Caribbean mangrove ecosystem as a case study, where strong environmental filters provide a stringent test of methodological resolution. Six termite species were recorded, reflecting markedly lower richness than is typical of inland tropical forests. Although transect-based sampling proved effective for capturing species composition, taxonomic completeness alone did not translate into functional or structural differentiation within the community. Stable isotope analyses revealed pronounced trophic overlap and a shared reliance on C₃ plant-derived carbon, indicating substantial functional redundancy despite taxonomic distinctiveness. Phylogenetic analyses showed no significant clustering or overdispersion, suggesting that community assembly is shaped by stochastic colonization operating within a narrow set of viable functional strategies imposed by environmental filtering. Together, these results show that integrating isotopic and phylogenetic tools with standardized sampling protocols is essential for interpreting the functional meaning of diversity patterns. This combined approach provides a transferable framework for studying community assembly in environmentally constrained and low-diversity ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8982,"journal":{"name":"Biotropica","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/btp.70199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, Molecular, and Isotopic Approaches to Termite Ecology: A Mangrove Case Study","authors":"Robin Casalla,&nbsp;Rafik Neme,&nbsp;Judith Korb","doi":"10.1111/btp.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.70199","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the structure, functional roles, and assembly of termite communities remains challenging because cryptic diversity, overlapping feeding strategies, and methodological limitations often obscure ecological differentiation. Integrating complementary approaches can address these constraints, yet their joint ability to resolve community structure remains poorly evaluated. Here, we examine how morphological, molecular, stable isotope, and phylogenetic approaches contribute, individually and in combination, to understanding termite community composition, trophic organization, and assembly mechanisms. We applied a standardized integrative framework combining transect-based sampling, morphological and molecular species identification, stable isotope analyses (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C), and phylogenetic community metrics. This framework was assessed using a Caribbean mangrove ecosystem as a case study, where strong environmental filters provide a stringent test of methodological resolution. Six termite species were recorded, reflecting markedly lower richness than is typical of inland tropical forests. Although transect-based sampling proved effective for capturing species composition, taxonomic completeness alone did not translate into functional or structural differentiation within the community. Stable isotope analyses revealed pronounced trophic overlap and a shared reliance on C₃ plant-derived carbon, indicating substantial functional redundancy despite taxonomic distinctiveness. Phylogenetic analyses showed no significant clustering or overdispersion, suggesting that community assembly is shaped by stochastic colonization operating within a narrow set of viable functional strategies imposed by environmental filtering. Together, these results show that integrating isotopic and phylogenetic tools with standardized sampling protocols is essential for interpreting the functional meaning of diversity patterns. This combined approach provides a transferable framework for studying community assembly in environmentally constrained and low-diversity ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8982,"journal":{"name":"Biotropica","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/btp.70199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential of Generalist and Disturbance-Tolerant Seed Dispersers in the Restoration of Neotropical Degraded Areas","authors":"Rodrigo Béllo Carvalho,&nbsp;Marco A. Pizo","doi":"10.1111/btp.70197","DOIUrl":"10.1111/btp.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Widespread defaunation and habitat degradation are profoundly disrupting ecological processes, notably seed dispersal, largely due to the loss of large-bodied frugivores, which are key to the dispersal of large-seeded plants. While the conservation of endangered large frugivores remains fundamental, restoration efforts should also consider the functional potential of surviving generalist and disturbance-tolerant frugivores that retain the dispersal of large-seeded plants. This study conducts an evaluation of the restoration potential of four such Neotropical species—<i>Ramphastos toco</i> (Ramphastidae), <i>Penelope superciliaris</i> (Cracidae), <i>Artibeus lituratus</i> (Phyllostomidae), and <i>Cerdocyon thous</i> (Canidae)—to restore degraded areas. Through an extensive literature review, we provide a species profile detailing ecological traits, diet, movement patterns, and habitat utilization. Together, these four frugivores consume over 300 fruit species, including numerous varieties with large seeds and those from mid- to late-successional stages. Each frugivore demonstrates broad mobility, tolerance to anthropogenic landscapes, and effective seed dispersal behavior. We contend that these resilient frugivores constitute a functional guild of “Anthropocene dispersers,” with the capacity to facilitate passive restoration of vegetation in degraded ecosystems. Acknowledging and integrating their ecological roles can significantly enhance restoration strategies, particularly in landscapes where traditional rewilding is no longer viable.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8982,"journal":{"name":"Biotropica","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flowering Asynchrony and Temporal Mate Restriction in Tropical Peat Swamp Forest Trees","authors":"Andrew H. Aldercotte,&nbsp;Dylan T. Simpson,&nbsp;Daniel J. Naumenko,&nbsp;Griёtte van der Heide,&nbsp;Sri Suci Utami Atmoko,&nbsp;Tatang M. Setia,&nbsp;Rachael Winfree,&nbsp;Erin R. Vogel","doi":"10.1111/btp.70162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many tropical rainforest tree species exhibit high flowering asynchrony, with individuals differing in how often, when, and for how long they flower. Over short timescales, asynchrony is known to restrict both the quantity and diversity of outcrossing partners, affecting reproductive success and the genetic diversity of offspring. However, longer-term effects of flowering asynchrony on mating opportunities remain poorly understood, particularly for long-lived, iteroparous tropical trees. For instance, it is not known whether an individual tree's flowering phenology is consistent over time, such that the same conspecific individuals repeatedly flower together; this could result in assortative mating, or exclude some tree pairs from reproducing together. We analyzed 18 years of flowering records from 50 tree species in a Bornean tropical peat swamp forest to quantify within-species (intraspecific) flowering asynchrony. For a subset of 24 bisexually-flowering species with larger sample size (from which dioecious species were excluded because the sex of individuals was unknown), we evaluated whether the same conspecific individuals flower together across years, then extrapolated predictions of lifetime mate restriction from the observed accumulation of co-flowering partners. We found high intraspecific flowering asynchrony, and most species showed a significant tendency for the same individuals to co-flower across years. However, patterns of intraspecific variation in phenology rarely resulted in predictions of lifetime mate restriction between conspecific pairs. Exceptions were several species that flowered infrequently, i.e., with multi-year intervals between species-level flowering events, in which phenological mismatch did exclude many potential pairings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8982,"journal":{"name":"Biotropica","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/btp.70162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Ecology: How Environmental and Social Landscapes Shape Tropical Forest Restoration in Southeast Brazil","authors":"Érica Rodrigues da Silva,&nbsp;João Vitor Mariano Ribeiro,&nbsp;Paulo Guilherme Molin,&nbsp;Klécia Gili Massi","doi":"10.1111/btp.70184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.70184","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ecological restoration is a key strategy for addressing global challenges, including climate change and human well-being. Although a substantial body of literature has investigated how restoration should be conducted, there is still limited understanding of how it is implemented in practice. Here, we investigated the environmental and socioeconomic context in which different restoration interventions (passive vs. active) have been implemented in the southeast Atlantic Forest biome, Brazil. We analyzed a set of environmental (e.g., land use and land cover, slope, elevation, hydrography) and socioeconomic variables (e.g., rural population, GDP per capita) derived from an official restoration database using geospatial and statistical approaches. Overall, environmental variables (such as, pasture land use, higher elevation, and steeper slopes) were more strongly associated with restoration sites than socioeconomic variables (such as agriculture holdings). Active restoration techniques were predominantly implemented in areas with low natural regeneration potential, whereas larger restoration sites were mainly located in more rural municipalities. These patterns can be explained by historical land-use and economic development trajectories, whereby intense degradation in some regions favors active methods, while pasture abandonment furthers natural regeneration. Because restoration outcomes are driven by complex interactions among socioeconomic, legal, environmental, and historical factors, integrated and transdisciplinary approaches are essential to enhance the effectiveness and benefits of restoration in tropical regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8982,"journal":{"name":"Biotropica","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/btp.70184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}