Pancreatic disorders & therapy最新文献

{"title":"CAR-T: Expression, Expansion, and Clinical Applications","authors":"C. Dupont, Rehan Muhammad, Jiazhi Sun","doi":"10.4172/2165-7092.S5E001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7092.S5E001","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding and treating cancer is one the top priorities in medical research. The use of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) are increasing in popularity in the research and treatment of cancer due to their ability to utilize the expansion and killing effects of cytotoxic T cells while also having binding specificity through the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). CAR expression and CAR-T expansion are critical for proper CAR-T functionality. Toxicity has been associated with the treatment of cancers with CAR-T however methods to control and decrease toxicity have been developed. While they first became popular for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas they are expanding to the treatment of other cancers. In this review we will discuss the current methods for CAR-T expansion, expression, and toxicity prevention while also covering current clinical applications of this therapy.","PeriodicalId":89708,"journal":{"name":"Pancreatic disorders & therapy","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80779881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Stem Cells","authors":"U. Aghamaliyev, E. Birgin, F. Rückert","doi":"10.4172/2165-7092.S5-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7092.S5-002","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objectives: The present article summarizes and analyzes the current knowledge about the role of markers and dysregulated signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their value for possible therapeutic approaches. \u0000Method: An electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE was used to identify relevant original articles and reviews. \u0000Results: Despite significant effort and research funds, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest diseases. Because of the lack of symptoms, the majority of patients presents with advanced stage. Patients with advanced disease will receive systemic therapy. However, such therapy only eradicates tumor bulk, but does not eliminate so-called cancer stem cells. These CSCs are thought to be the cause of resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. This review will focus on recent insights into the biology of pancreatic CSCs. It further highlights the importance of PDAC stem cell markers as prognostic indicators and targets for therapies specifically eliminating PDAC stem cells. \u0000Conclusions: Pancreatic CSCs appear to be crucial for the processes of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Therefore, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in the biology of CSCs as well as the identification of specific markers may generate novel therapeutic strategies and contribute in the reduction of metastasis.","PeriodicalId":89708,"journal":{"name":"Pancreatic disorders & therapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83547776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic Cystojejunostomy For Pseudocyst Of Pancreas: Which One is Better Suture Or Stapler?","authors":"M. Sahoo","doi":"10.4172/2165-7092.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7092.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Aim of this study is to compare the results of laparoscopic suture vs stapler cystojejunostomy for pseudocyst of pancreas. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study of 18 patients including both male and female of age ranging from 15 to 64 years were subjected to laparoscopic cystojejunostomy from April 2007 to july 2013, of which 13 patients underwent suture cystojejunostomy and 5 patients underwent stapler cystojejunostomy. These patients were followed for a period of 18 months assessing first bowel movement, duration of surgery, hospital stay, anastomosis leak, recurrence and morbidity. Result: Duration of surgery was 156.6 ± 10.4 minutes in laparoscopic suture cystojejunostomy and 122 ± 8.8 min in laparoscopic stapler cysto-jejunostomy. Postoperatively, the mean time for the first bowel movement was 36 hrs and 39 hrs, respectively, for suture and stapler cystojejunostomy. Mean hospital stay was six (range: 5-7) days. There was postoperative complication in the form of anastomosis leak that occurred in two patients in stapler cystojejunostomy group. There was no leak in suture group. There were no recurrences. Morbidity was greater in stapler group as leak occurred in two patients. Conclusion: We conclude that laparoscopic suture cystojejunostomy is a safe and feasible procedure and gives superior results in regards to safety of anastomosis and its resultant morbidity. Suture cystojejunostomy is also comparable to stapler in regards to operative time, bowel function and recurrence.","PeriodicalId":89708,"journal":{"name":"Pancreatic disorders & therapy","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89540484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcitonin-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Case-Report","authors":"Z. Berger, C. Cortes, H. Cabello","doi":"10.4172/2165-7092.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7092.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"A 68 years old woman was admitted for abdominal pain, acute pancreatitis complicated with peripancreatic fluid collections. She has received steroid treatment during 12 months for pulmonary fibrosis, 60 mg/day Prednisone in the last months. Three weeks before her admission calcitonin treatment was introduced for osteoporotic vertebral fracture. The pancreatitis followed a benign clinical course; oral diet was reintroduced in two weeks. Some days later, calcitonin treatment was also reinitiated, followed by a recurrence of abdominal pain on the third day, accompanied by a second increase in blood pancreatic enzymes. On the fourth week of the acute exacerbation of pancreatitis the patient presented fever: bacterial infection of the demarcated fluid collections was confirmed by fine needle aspiration. The infected pseudocysts were drained percutaneously, guided by CT scan, with favorable evolution, almost complete disappearence of them in two weeks. The patient died three months later, as a consequence of her pulmonary disease. The acute pancreatitis developed in the second week after initiation of calcitonin treatment and an acute recurrence was observed after a three-day “accidental rechallenge”. No other known etiology of acute pancreatitis was detected. We conclude that calcitonin should be considered as a probable cause of a drug-induced pancreatitis","PeriodicalId":89708,"journal":{"name":"Pancreatic disorders & therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72850417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Pancreatectomy: A Center of Debate of Risk versus Benefit","authors":"N. Machado","doi":"10.4172/2165-7092.1000E138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7092.1000E138","url":null,"abstract":"Central Pancreatectomy (CP) is a parenchyma sparing operation, which involves segmental resection of the pancreas [1-4]. This is most appropriate to advocate in removal of benign and low-grade malignant lesions, arising from the neck and proximal body of the pancreas [4-13]. Such lesions would have traditionally required pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy [4,6]. These procedures while oncologically sound, involves resection of considerable amount normal parenchyma. Recent literature however has frequent reports of CP being performed for such low grade or benign tumours [1-13]. CP, when compared to traditional resection, achieves significant sparing of normal pancreatic parenchyma and is believed to offer better preservation of pancreatic function with acceptable morbidity and mortality [3-7,12]. The debate however is, what are the benefits and long/short term complications of CP and does the benefit outweigh the risk?","PeriodicalId":89708,"journal":{"name":"Pancreatic disorders & therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79723879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating DNA and Micro-RNA in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer.","authors":"Eveline E Vietsch,&nbsp;Casper Hj van Eijck,&nbsp;Anton Wellstein","doi":"10.4172/2165-7092.1000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7092.1000156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collecting repeat samples of blood (\"liquid biopsies\") is a broadly used clinical approach for serial monitoring of disease or response to treatments. In patients with cancer the most distinct molecular feature are somatic mutations acquired by cancer cells present in the diseased tissue. Indeed, mutant DNA derived from dying or lysed cancer cells can be isolated from patient serum samples, subjected to DNA sequencing and to analysis of abundance as a measure of tumor burden. Also, changes in the DNA mutation patterns in serum samples collected over time can indicate altered pathways or clonal evolution of the disease and altered abundance of mutant DNA suggests an altered disease burden. In addition, during the course of treatment, changes in circulating DNA mutation patterns can indicate the emergence of resistant clones and prompt changes in treatment. In contrast to mutant DNA, microRNAs (miR) are transcribed, processed, packaged and released from cells in normal and in diseased tissues as part of the extracellular crosstalk between cells. Interestingly, released miR can function in cell-to-cell communication and as hormone-like signals that operate at a distance through their release into the circulation and subsequent uptake into cells in distant tissues. Circulating miR expression patterns can be established from serial serum samples and monitored for alterations over time. Circulating miR provide a readout of the organism's steady state and serial analyses will indicate changes in the response to therapy or an altered physiologic or disease state. Furthermore, changes in circulating miR patterns can indicate treatment efficacy or resistance as well as adverse effects associated with the respective intervention. Thus, the combined serial analysis of mutant DNA and miR in the circulation has the potential to provide a molecular footprint of pancreatic cancer and can be used to monitor treatment responses or resistance to treatment in real time with a minimally invasive procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":89708,"journal":{"name":"Pancreatic disorders & therapy","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2165-7092.1000156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33995303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasia in a Case of Complete Pancreatic Divisum - A Rare Combination","authors":"A. Jha, A. Chakrabarty, U. Goenka, M. Goenka","doi":"10.4172/2165-7092.1000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7092.1000157","url":null,"abstract":"Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMNs) are intraductal mucin-producing cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Most of these neoplasms are benign but chances of malignant transformation need to be ruled out. These neoplasms have usually been reported from the Wirsung’s duct or its branches. IPMN arising from the the Santorini’s duct is a rare condition. Such tumors originating from the Santorini’s duct are usually associated with incomplete type of pancreatic divisum. IPMNs associated with complete pancreatic divisum have rarely been reported. Imaging techniques including CT scan and MRCP and fluid analysis enabled by SpyGlass pancreatoscopy are the key to diagnosis of IPMN. Treatment usually comprises surgical resection and prognosis depends on malignant changes and lymph node status.","PeriodicalId":89708,"journal":{"name":"Pancreatic disorders & therapy","volume":"74 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76556657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It is About Time: Circadian Clock in the Pancreas","authors":"Weiliang Jiang, Rong Wan","doi":"10.4172/2165-7092.1000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7092.1000155","url":null,"abstract":"As an endogenous oscillator with a period of about 24 h, the circadian clock system enables us to optimize energy acquisition and homeostasis. In mammals, the clock system comprises of a central pacemaker and peripheral clocks. The pancreas has been shown to be a peripheral oscillator, which suggests a direct relationship between the circadian clock and pancreatic functions. Supported by evidences from animal models with molecular manipulation of clock genes and genetic studies in humans, the pivotal role that impaired clock system plays in the process of both endocrine pancreatic disorders and exocrine pancreatic disorders has been discovered. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of pancreatic disease, as well as possible new medical technologies.","PeriodicalId":89708,"journal":{"name":"Pancreatic disorders & therapy","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88307036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAR-T: The Current and the Future","authors":"Kunal Mishra, Shun-Feng Zhou, Jiazhi Sun","doi":"10.4172/2165-7092.1000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7092.1000154","url":null,"abstract":"Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are recombinant receptors that are expressed on autologous T-cells. CAR-T usage has grown in recent years as a way to combat hematological and solid tumors. The purpose of this review is to describe new studies on CAR-T treatment along with our lab’s ideas on potential uses and pitfalls that could be investigated. The usage of TREG and antiCLTA4 as means for regulating CAR-T will also be looked at along with OX40, CD137 and CD27 receptors as means for increasing the efficacy of the treatment overall. In addition the usage of iCasp9 as a ‘suicide switch’ for the CAR-T treatment and the potential for a 4th generation CAR will be touched upon. Then the review will lead into talks about how such a treatment could be of potential use in treating solid and hematological cancer.","PeriodicalId":89708,"journal":{"name":"Pancreatic disorders & therapy","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89258086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disconnected Duct Syndrome: A Bridge to Nowhere","authors":"N. Machado","doi":"10.4172/2165-7092.1000153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7092.1000153","url":null,"abstract":"Disconnected duct syndrome (DDS) is defined by a complete discontinuity of the pancreatic duct, such that the secretions of pancreas distal to the discontinuity fails to drain into the duodenum. It usually follows acute necrostising pancreatitis. This duct disruption occurs predominately in the pancreatic neck region, which represents a watershed area that is vulnerable to perfusion abnormalities. Failure of the disconnected duct to drain its secretions leads to serious complications including fistula, peripancreatic collections, sepsis, pancreatic ascites and chronic disability inlcuding diabetes mellitus, malabsorption and portal hypertension. How do we manage DDS and mend this bridge to nowhere. This article reviews the etiology, presentation, investigation, management options and complications of this syndrome.","PeriodicalId":89708,"journal":{"name":"Pancreatic disorders & therapy","volume":"755 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85436033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}