Kenneth Marcelino, Jason Datta, Momoka Sugimura, Carmella Ocaya, Rafael Romero, Yongjun Kim, Mac Rodriguez, Milind Rajadhyaksha, Jaya D Chidambaram, Dongkyun Kang
{"title":"Optical phantom for resolution evaluation of non-contact corneal microscopy techniques.","authors":"Kenneth Marcelino, Jason Datta, Momoka Sugimura, Carmella Ocaya, Rafael Romero, Yongjun Kim, Mac Rodriguez, Milind Rajadhyaksha, Jaya D Chidambaram, Dongkyun Kang","doi":"10.1364/BOE.604912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.604912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present the development of a corneal phantom designed to enable resolution assessment for non-contact corneal microscopy. The phantom was fabricated by casting a UV-curable epoxy mixed with 400-nm-diameter gold nanoparticles into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold with a curved surface to achieve a cornea-like geometry. The radius of curvature of the final manufactured phantom was 8.14-8.17 mm with a refractive index of 1.39, similar to the adult human cornea. The optical phantom was used to evaluate the resolution of a prototype non-contact confocal microscope, the portable <i>in vivo</i> confocal ophthalmoscope (PICO). PICO images of the optical phantom allowed for evaluation of the resolution change as a function of depth.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 8","pages":"4103-4113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Joint feature issue in <i>Optics Express, Applied Optics</i>, and <i>Biomedical Optics Express</i>: Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging 2025.","authors":"Liang Gao, Ana Doblas, Seung Ah Lee, Ofer Levi, Yuan Luo, Guoan Zheng","doi":"10.1364/BOE.604894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.604894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This joint feature issue of <i>Optics Express, Applied Optics</i>, and <i>Biomedical Optics Express</i> showcases recent work from the Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging community. The issue reflects the continuing expansion of computational optical sensing and imaging, where optical design, detection, calibration, physical optical system modeling, signal processing, and machine learning to acquire task-relevant information. The selected papers span computational microscopy and biomedical imaging, adaptive optics, wavefront sensing, holography, phase retrieval, single-pixel and ghost imaging, hyperspectral and polarization imaging, non-line-of-sight imaging, LiDAR, photon-efficient sensing, optical-system co-design, and emerging applications in medicine, remote sensing, manufacturing, and environmental metrology. Together, these contributions illustrate how computationally co-designed optical systems are moving from algorithmic demonstrations toward robust, application-specific imaging and sensing platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 8","pages":"4097-4102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgia L Jones, Maxina Sheft, Jiachen Wan, Po-Yi Lee, Hui Wang, Brett E Bouma, Martin Villiger
{"title":"Unambiguous polarimetric reconstruction in single-input polarization-sensitive OCT via spectral polarization spreading.","authors":"Georgia L Jones, Maxina Sheft, Jiachen Wan, Po-Yi Lee, Hui Wang, Brett E Bouma, Martin Villiger","doi":"10.1364/BOE.597600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.597600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) systems employing a single polarized input state are widely used due to their simple system architecture and commercial availability. However, such configurations are inherently susceptible to polarization ambiguities that can lead to inaccurate polarimetric reconstruction, particularly when estimating depth-resolved birefringence. Our previous work demonstrated that these artifacts can be mitigated by illumination exhibiting spectral polarization spread (SPS), arising from polarization mode dispersion present in some imaging systems. SPS effectively provides additional polarization diversity across the source spectrum, reducing ambiguity in the measured retardance signals. In this work, we introduce a compact waveplate stack module that introduces controlled, intentional SPS in arbitrary single-input PS-OCT systems. We demonstrate the approach by integrating the module into the round-trip portion of the sample arm of a commercially available PS-OCT platform, enabling robust and unambiguous depth-resolved polarimetric reconstruction. The minimal hardware modification and simple calibration procedure allow straightforward retrofitting of existing single-input PS-OCT systems, facilitating broader adoption of reliable, depth-resolved birefringence imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 8","pages":"4083-4096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantitative comparison of different mounting media for transmissive DUV imaging of label-free biological specimens.","authors":"Jiabin Chen, Ruilin You, Marina Miller, Yihan Wang, Gulnur Bayramli, Marco Contreras, Haijiang Cai, Anthony Burtman, Rachel Lynn Darché, Bofan Song, Rongguang Liang","doi":"10.1364/BOE.605787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.605787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep ultraviolet has emerged as a robust imaging method for label-free histopathology and cytology. This study quantitatively evaluates various mounting media to optimize transmissive DUV imaging. We identified glycerol as the optimal candidate, achieving an internal transmittance of 99.15% at 265 nm and providing a refractive index (<i>n</i> ≈ 1.53) that matches biological specimens and fused silica substrates. While alcohol offers high transparency, its volatility prevents extended imaging; conversely, traditional xylene-based media exhibit near total DUV extinction. Quantitative validation using local entropy, Tenengrad sharpness, and speckle contrast confirms that glycerol suppresses interfacial scattering and improves nuclear visualization across cervical cells and various murine and human tissues. These results establish glycerol as a robust, high-performance medium for enhancing diagnostic fidelity in label-free deep ultraviolet microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 8","pages":"4068-4082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artifact-suppressed dual-modality OCT-fluorescence endoscopic imaging of colitis in murine models.","authors":"Songzhi Wu, Shuo Wang, Baihan Li, Zhonglie Piao, Chong He, Fang Lu, Zhao Wang","doi":"10.1364/BOE.606192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.606192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder that requires objective and repeatable assessment of both tissue structure and disease activity for proper management of the disease. Multimodal endoscopy combining optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescence imaging offers complementary structural and functional contrast for this purpose. However, conventional double-clad fiber catheters often suffer from multipath interference artifacts that degrade structural image fidelity. Here, we present a fully integrated dual-modality endoscopic system enabling artifact-suppressed OCT alongside high-sensitivity fluorescence imaging. We utilized this system to longitudinally monitor the progression of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice <i>in vivo</i>. The imaging results revealed distinct stage-specific biomarkers, where acute inflammation was characterized by profound vascular permeability, while the chronic phase was distinguished by persistent thickening of the muscularis layer. An exploratory random forest classifier trained on these extracted features achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 96.7% in distinguishing different colitis states, with feature importance analysis confirming the synergistic value of combining both the structural and fluorescence information. This work establishes a robust multimodal endoscopic platform for non-invasive, longitudinal quantification of inflammatory burden in preclinical models, with potential applications in diagnostic imaging and treatment monitoring of gastrointestinal diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 8","pages":"4050-4067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Jiang, Miao Ren, Xueyan Jia, Jing Yuan, Xiangning Li, Qingming Luo, Hui Gong
{"title":"Three-color high-definition whole-brain imaging: simultaneous analysis of multiple anatomical structures with colocalized cytoarchitectural information.","authors":"Tao Jiang, Miao Ren, Xueyan Jia, Jing Yuan, Xiangning Li, Qingming Luo, Hui Gong","doi":"10.1364/BOE.604080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.604080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simultaneous multicolor whole-brain imaging with cytoarchitectural reference is critical for neural circuit mapping, but sequential scanning prolongs acquisition and complicates inter-channel registration. We developed a three-color high-definition fluorescent micro-optical sectioning tomography (HD-fMOST) system for three-channel high-throughput imaging of the whole mouse brain. We corrected chromatic aberration in the 405 nm illumination path and designed a precision 6-axis stage for pixel-level registration of three channels. Real-time DAPI counterstaining provides cytoarchitectural landmarks while preserving green/red fluorescence excitation. The system achieves sub-micron voxel resolution (0.32 × 0.32 × 1 μm<sup>3</sup>) and a high signal-to-background ratio. Validation on dual-color-labeled mouse brain demonstrates high-precision whole-brain imaging, accurate structural colocalization, and quantitative single-neuron morphological reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 8","pages":"4017-4035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Augusto Arias, Susanna P Clement, Siegfried Wahl, Fuensanta A Vera-Diaz
{"title":"Longitudinal changes in retinal image quality in school-aged children.","authors":"Augusto Arias, Susanna P Clement, Siegfried Wahl, Fuensanta A Vera-Diaz","doi":"10.1364/BOE.587977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.587977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Designing more effective myopia control optical-based therapies requires a better understanding of the longitudinal changes in retinal image quality across the central and peripheral retina of children with different refractive profiles. To this end, we computed through-focus image quality descriptors from ocular aberrations measured across an eccentricity range of 60°, with data acquired biannually over three years in 62 children with initial functional emmetropia participating in the PICNIC study. Our results reveal distinct spatiotemporal optical signatures associated with myopia development: longer peripheral depth of focus and reduced image quality at the near-temporal and central retina even after foveal correction, and placement of the sharpest images behind the temporal retina.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 8","pages":"4036-4049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13481062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computational validation of optical adaptive depth steering for continuous-wave fNIRS.","authors":"Murad Althobaiti","doi":"10.1364/BOE.604286","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.604286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous-wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-fNIRS) traditionally utilizes fixed-geometry optode configurations, which introduce significant anatomical bias due to inter-subject variations in skull thickness and phenotypic barriers such as dense hair. To address these limitations, we propose an Optical Adaptive Depth Steering (O-ADS) framework that mathematically synthesizes a \"Virtual Optode\" using a high-density multi-distance array (8-32 mm) and a linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) spatial beamformer. We computationally validated this framework using high-fidelity Monte Carlo simulations on layered cranial slabs and a 3D anatomical atlas (Colin27). Results demonstrate that O-ADS exhibits high computational resilience to anatomical bias, achieving up to a 39-fold improvement in relative brain sensitivity for thick-skull morphologies compared to traditional 32 mm static sensors. Furthermore, under realistic spatiotemporal noise conditions involving heterogeneous scalp hemodynamics and simulated phenotypic barriers (8 mm reference channel failure), O-ADS maintained a significantly higher mean signal recovery purity (38.3% ± 22.1%) than standard Multi-Distance Regression (MDR) (21.8% ± 15.4%). This software-defined approach provides a scalable solution for optical neuroimaging, reducing the dependence of sensor performance on individual anatomical and phenotypic variance to facilitate more inclusive cerebral monitoring under challenging physical constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 7","pages":"3972-3983"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13372333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148454468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-orientation non-confocal retinal imaging in an AOSLO using a Dove prism.","authors":"Ruth E Woehlke, Robert F Cooper","doi":"10.1364/BOE.600104","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.600104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopes configured in a two-detector split-detection arrangement enable resolution of translucent retinal structures, producing phase contrast-based images of the retina's topography. Standard two-detector systems that use an edge mirror have reduced contrast for structures that lie perpendicular to the axis of the split mirror, reducing sensitivity and applicability of this technique. Here, rather than manipulating the axis of the split mirror (e.g. using a micromirror device), we rotate the light itself using a Dove prism and compare the approach to a two-detector configuration. We were able to resolve structures at multiple orientations in split-detection images using the Dove prism and combine them using a technique previously reported for four-detector devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 7","pages":"4002-4016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13372429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148454389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First-order field autocorrelation function analysis-based dynamic OCT for tissue viability assessment.","authors":"Wei Chen, Jinze Zhang, Lingxuan Meng, Xiuhua Zheng, Yongchao Wang, Fen Yang, Shuaibin Chang, Peng Xiao, Jianbo Tang","doi":"10.1364/BOE.589704","DOIUrl":"10.1364/BOE.589704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work introduces g<sub>1</sub>-dOCT, which derives a dynamic index I<sub>d</sub> from the first-order field autocorrelation function for long-term tissue viability assessment. The method encodes activity intensity directly as image brightness, offering intuitive interpretability without complex post-processing. Its key advantage lies in the stability of I<sub>d</sub> across varying imaging conditions, enabling direct semi-quantitative comparison of tissue activity in longitudinal drug studies, particularly well-suited for pharmacological screening in high-throughput settings, such as multi-drug treatment of 3D tissue constructs in 48-well plates. Experimental validation on tumor slices during 46-hour chemotherapy and on dynamic hepatocyte apoptosis shows that g<sub>1</sub>-dOCT maintains consistent performance over extended time courses, establishing it as a reliable tool for longitudinal tissue dynamics evaluation in large-scale drug screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":8969,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical optics express","volume":"17 7","pages":"3961-3971"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13372342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148454524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}