Journal of stem cell research & therapy最新文献

{"title":"Distinct Mirna Expression Patterns of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From 4 Types of Mesenchymal Stem Cells","authors":"Yueyuan Zhou, Yusuke Yamamoto, T. Ochiya, Zhongdang Xiao, T. Itaya","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000415","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to reside in the stromal fraction of many tissues and have multiple differentiations. MSCs isolated from different sources have functional heterogeneity that is controlled by dynamic interactions between extracellular signaling, epigenetic, transcriptional and post-translational regulation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs are one of the main factors responsible for the therapeutic effect of MSCs. We propose here that EVs from different types of MSCs maintain the imparity. Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs), one of the integral cargoes of EVs, play a crucial role in translational regulation. We thus examined the miRNAs expression patterns in EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), Wharton’s jelly (WJ) and human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and summarized the biological functions of common and specific miRNAs as well as their target genes in physiological and pathological processes. The data presented here help compare the biological properties and potential of EVs from these distinct MSC populations.","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7633.1000415","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70403034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Light and Electron Microscopic Study on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Adipose Derived Stem Cells Versus Exosomes for Experimentally Induced Acute Corneal Injuries in Rats","authors":"Abeer M El-Mahalaway, N. El-Azab, M. Abdrabbo, Omar M Said, D. Sabry, Mohamed M El Sibaie","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000431","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Corneal alkali injuries are considered a common ophthalmologic emergency with many serious complications. Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells derived Exosomes (MSCs-EX) are promising approaches in regenerative therapies. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of ADSCs versus MSCs-EX on experimentally alkaliinduced corneal injuries in rats. Materials and Methods: 40 adult male albino rats were divided into four groups, that is, Group I: control rats, Group II: alkali burn rats, Group III: ADSCs treated rats after corneal alkali burn, Group IV: MSCs-EX treated rats after corneal alkali burn. Cornea specimens were taken and processed for histological examination. Results: Group II showed obvious changes such as erosion with focal loss of some superficial epithelial cells, while the basal and intermediate epithelial cell layers had vacuolated cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei. The substantia propria contained irregularly arranged collagen fibers with wide spacing, keratocytes, and congested blood vessels. Descemet's membrane appeared thin and degenerated with focal loss of some endothelial cells. Ultrastructural examination showed degenerated apical squamous cells with loss of microvilli on their free surface. The basal cells had irregular contour with widening of intracellular space between cells with multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles. The substantia propria showed disorganized collagen fibers with degenerated keratocytes and mononuclear cellular infiltration. Groups III and IV showed improvement of the histological and electron microscopic changes described in group II. Conclusion: ADSCs and MSCs-EX can improve corneal alkali burn injuries and prevent their complications. Exosomes are a more promising therapeutic approach. Comparative Light and Electron Microscopic Study on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Adipose Derived Stem Cells Versus Exosomes for Experimentally Induced Acute Corneal Injuries in Rats Abeer M El-Mahalaway1, Nahla El-Eraky El-Azab1*, Mohamed Abdrabbo2, Omar M Said2, Dina Sabry3 and Mohamed M El Sibaie3 1Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt 2Department of Ophthalmology, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University and Fayoum Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt 3Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt *Corresponding author: Nahla El-Eraky El-Azab, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt, Tel: +201027636357; E-mail: eleraky_nahla@yahoo.com/nahla.Eleraky@fmed.bu.edu.eg Received June 20, 2018; Accepted July 09, 2018; Published July 13, 2018 Citation: El-Mahalaway AM, El-Azab NEE, Abdrabbo M, Said OM, Sabry D, et al. (2018) Comparative Light and Electron Microscopic Study on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Adipose Derived Stem Cells Versus Exosomes for Experimentally Induced Acute Corne","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"95 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70403068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Noncoding RNAs and Human Osteosarcoma","authors":"Arshad Ali, Lifang Hu, A. Qian, Chu Chen, Tuanmin Yang","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000418","url":null,"abstract":"Osteosarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in children and adolescents, pathologically characterized by spindle cells and deviant osteoid formation. Although significant evidences in therapeutic strategies have been accomplished, the conclusion is still unclear for the critical metastatic or persistent osteosarcoma. Therefore, it is essential to develop novel and effective biomarkers or therapeutic targets for diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as a novel class of noncoding RNA, are composed of transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides and play critical roles in development and progression of various cancers including osteosarcoma. LncRNAs are mainly involved in different biological process such cell growth, transcription, translation, epigenetic regulation, splicing, chromosome dosage compensation, imprinting, nuclear, cytoplasmic trafficking and cell cycle control. LncRNAs may act as oncogenic or tumor suppressive that can modulate osteosarcoma pathogenesis including cell growth, migration, proliferation, metastasis, invasion and cell apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of lncRNAs and its critical role in progression of osteosarcoma. It will be helpful for researchers to evaluate the functional role of lncRNAs in the development of osteosarcoma and enhance the efficacy of therapeutic treatment modalities.","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7633.1000418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70403082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umbilical Cord Cells Treatment with Metadichol® IRS Proteins and GLUT4 Expression and Implications for Diabetes","authors":"P. Raghavan","doi":"10.4172/2572-4126.1000429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2572-4126.1000429","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin and IGF signaling require a family of scaffold proteins, also called as Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS) proteins to integrate extracellular signals into intracellular responses, leading to cellular effects. Two main IRS proteins in humans are IRS1 and IRS2 and are widely expressed in most human and mammalian tissues. In this study, IRS1, IRS2, GLUT4 gene expression is quantified in Umbilical Cord (UC) cell line by semi quantitative- PCR. The internal control β-actin was used to normalize the IRS1, IRS2, GLUT4 gene expression levels. This is the first example of UC cells being induced by a ligand in expressing genes that regulate glucose and insulin levels. Metadichol® treatment at different concentrations on UC cells showed upregulation of IRS1, IRS2 and GLUT4. 100 pg/mL concentrations showed the highest upregulation of IRS1, IRS2 and GLUT4 expression. 1 ng and 100 ng/mL treatment showed marginal. Metadichol® is in addition a TNF alpha inhibitor and also inhibits Plasminogen Activation Inhibitor (PAI1) also known as SERPINE1. These genes play an important role in diabetes. The experimental results fully correlated with curated literature data using Bioinformatics software. Network analysis show the uniqueness of shared genes, IRS1, IRS2, GLUT4, TNF, PAI1, acting through multiple pathways that target multiple diseases.","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70318352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate the Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition by Restoring the Reciprocal Balance between Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor-β1","authors":"Junjun Wei, L. Tang, Shu-wei Zhang, Liangliang Chen, Zhenhua Xie, R. Yu, Hong-Gang Qi, Jiang-yong Lou, Guobin Weng","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000422","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently shown promise for the treatment of various types of chronic kidney disease models. However, the mechanism of this effect is still not well understood. Our study is aimed to investigate the effect of MSCs on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) and the underlying mechanism related to the reciprocal balance between hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and TGF-β1.Methods: HK-2 cells were treated with TGF-β1-then co-cultured with MSCs. The induced EMT was assessed by cellular morphology and the expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and EMT-related proteins. MTT assay and flow cytometry were employed to detect the effect of TGF-β1 and MSCs on HK-2 cell proliferation and apoptosis. SiRNA against hepatocyte growth factor (siHGF) was transfected to decrease the expression of HGF to identify the role of HGF in MSCs inhibiting HK-2 EMT.Results: TGF-β1 decreased HGF expression, induced EMT, suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis in HK-2 cells; but when co-cultured with MSCs all the outcomes were reversed. However, after treated with siHGF, all the benefits taken from MSCs vanished.Conclusion: TGF-β1 was a motivating factor of renal cell EMT and it suppressed the HGF expression. However, MSCs provided protection against EMT by increasing HGF level and decreasing TGF-β1 level. Our results also demonstrated HGF is one of the critical factor in MSCs anti-fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70403000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GFAP Delta as Divergent Marker of Human Glial Progenitors","authors":"Cristina Zalfa, C. Grasselli, G. Santilli, D. Ferrari, G. Lamorte, A. Vescovi, L. Filippis","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000437","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human Neural Stem Cells (hNSCs) are responsible for brain development at prenatal and postnatal stages and for tissue homeostasis and repair after injury on adulthood. The identification of hNSC specific markers is still a debated argument. GFAP-δ, the delta isoform of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), is particularly expressed in the Subventricular Zone (SVZ) of the brain and its expression has been related to long-term quiescent NSC. On the other hand, another cytoskeletal protein, gelsolin, is expressed in Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs) migrating from the SVZ. Methods: In this study, we intended to investigate by immunocytochemistry the co-expression of GFAP-δ and gelsolin in different sources of hNSCs, and hNPCs, with particular emphasis on Good Manifacture Procedures (GMPs) grade hNSC currently used in two clinical trials on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Results: We found that the two proteins are co-expressed by undifferentiated GFAP+ cells but tend to localize in different sub-cellular compartments and to segregate in divergent GFAP+ progenies along with differentiation. Interestingly, we proved that, after transplantation into the brain of rodent models of focal demyelination or transient global ischemia, hNSC integrating in the SVZ still retain the co-expression of GFAP-δ and gelsolin, indicating that hNSC intrinsically co-express the two proteins at the stem stage. Conclusion: These findings suggest that GFAP-δ and gelsolin may represent two candidate markers to distinguish NSC from NSC-deriving divergent astroglial phenotypes. GFAP Delta as Divergent Marker of Human Glial Progenitors Cristina Zalfa1, Chiara Grasselli1, Guido Santilli1, Daniela Ferrari1, Giuseppe Lamorte2, Angelo Luigi Vescovi1,2,3 and Lidia De Filippis3* 1Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, Universita’ Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, Milan, Italy 2Istituto C.S.S. Mendel, Viale Regina Margherita, Roma, Italy 3Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, Viale dei Cappuccini, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy *Corresponding author: Lidia De Filippis, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza IRCCS, Viale dei Cappuccini, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy, Tel: +39(0882)410346; E-mail: lidia.defilippis@unimib.it; l.defilippis@operapadrepio.it Received August 03, 2018; Accepted September 11, 2018; Published September 17, 2018 Citation: Zalfa C, Grasselli C, Santilli G, Ferrari D, Lamorte G, et al. (2018) GFAP Delta as Divergent Marker of Human Glial Progenitors. Stem Cell Res Ther 8: 437. doi: 10.4172/2157-7633.1000437 Copyright: © 2018 Zalfa C, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70403863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Molecular Targets and Factors Essential for Hematopoiesis","authors":"P. Raghav, G. Gangenahalli","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000441","url":null,"abstract":"Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) gained popularity in the area of medicine because of its remarkable potential to cure an enormous range of human diseases. These stem cells are used for therapeutic purposes for its regenerative capacity and possessed hematopoiesis. This process reflects characteristic properties, proliferation, and differentiation. These behaviors are a result of protein-mediated molecular interactions. However, these molecular interactions underlying are yet to be explored. Thus, the present review focuses on the molecular basis of hematopoiesis wherein, significant molecular interactions which regulate differentiation and proliferation has been discussed. Primarily, we have addressed the role of cytokines, transcription factors, proliferation, and pathways involved in hematopoiesis. Also, relationship with multiple cytokines, small molecules, nutrients, cell-cell contacts and the extracellular matrix which impel a cascade of signals that controls stem cell behavior and fate has been summarized in this review. A large number of datasets of hematopoiesis is publicly available to researchers around the world. This review also provides databases on hematopoiesis which will be very beneficial in facilitating common analysis, basic research and clinical diagnosis for the treatment of blood-related disorders.","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7633.1000441","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70403874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Killer Cells: From Defense to Immunotherapy in Cancer","authors":"A. Darji, A. Kaushal, N. Desai, S. Rajkumar","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000419","url":null,"abstract":"Natural killer (NK) cells are central components of the innate immunity. The numerous mechanisms used by NK cells to regulate and control cancer metastasis’ include interactions with tumor cells via specific receptors and ligands as well as exerting direct cytotoxicity and cytokine-induced effector mechanisms. NK cells are also clinically important and represent a good target for anticancer immune therapy in which the host immune system is harnessed for anticancer activities. They also display impaired functionality and capability to infiltrate tumors in cancer patients. In this review, we provide an overview of our current knowledge on NK cell in oncology and immunotherapy. Although NK cells might appear to be redundant in several conditions of immune challenge in humans, their manipulation seems to hold promise in efforts to promote antitumor immunotherapy. Therefore, efforts to enhance the therapeutic benefits of NK cell-based immunotherapy by developing strategies are the subject of intense research.","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70403297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac telocytes in regeneration of myocardium after myocardial infarction","authors":"Zhaofu Liao","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633-C4-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633-C4-042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70409913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Role for Sox2 in the Adult Cerebellum.","authors":"Nikolaos Panagiotis Mandalos, Ioannis Karampelas, Marannia Saridaki, Ronald D G McKay, Mark L Cohen, Eumorphia Remboutsika","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000433","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cerebellum, a derivative of the hindbrain, plays a crucial role in balance and posture as well as in higher cognitive and locomotive processes. Cerebellar development is initiated during the segmental phase of hindbrain formation. Here, we describe the phenotype, of a single surviving adult conditional mouse mutant mouse, in which Sox2 function is ablated in embryonic radial glial cells by means of hGFAP-CRE. The single Sox2^RGINV/mosaic adult mutant mouse displays motor disability, microsomia, reduced Central Nervous System (CNS) size and cerebellar defects associated with human genetically related congenital abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6295446/pdf/nihms-1000202.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36799974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}