Journal of caffeine research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Caffeine Chronically Consumed During Pregnancy on Adenosine A₁ and A_2A Receptors Signaling in Both Maternal and Fetal Heart from Wistar Rats.","authors":"Inmaculada Iglesias,&nbsp;Jose Luis Albasanz,&nbsp;Mairena Martín","doi":"10.1089/jcr.2014.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2014.0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world, even during pregnancy. Its stimulatory effects are mainly due to antagonism of adenosine actions by blocking adenosine A₁ and A_2A receptors. Previous studies have shown that caffeine can cross the placenta and therefore modulate these receptors not only in the fetal brain but also in the heart. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In the present work, the effect of caffeine chronically consumed during pregnancy on A₁ and A_2A receptors in Wistar rat heart, from both mothers and their fetuses, were studied using radioligand binding, Western-blotting, and adenylyl cyclase activity assays, as well as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Caffeine did not significantly alter A₁R neither at protein nor at gene expression level in both the maternal and fetal heart. On the contrary, A_2AR significantly decreased in the maternal heart, although mRNA was not affected. Gi and Gs proteins were also preserved. Finally, A₁R-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity did not change in the maternal heart, but A_2AR mediated stimulation of this enzymatic activity significantly decreased according to the detected loss of this receptor. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Opposite to the downregulation and desensitization of the A₁R/AC pathway previously reported in the brain, these results show that this pathway is not affected in rat heart after caffeine exposure during pregnancy. In addition, A_2AR is downregulated and desensitized in the maternal heart, suggesting a differential modulation of these receptor-mediated pathways by caffeine.</p>","PeriodicalId":89685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of caffeine research","volume":"4 4","pages":"115-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/jcr.2014.0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32932439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cocaine Shifts the Estrus Cycle Out of Phase and Caffeine Restores It.","authors":"Patricia A Broderick,&nbsp;Lauren B Malave","doi":"10.1089/jcr.2014.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2014.0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Sex differences in cocaine abuse are well established. Females have a higher sensitivity and thus higher vulnerability to cocaine abuse compared to males. There are many studies showing that sensitivity to cocaine reward varies during the estrus cycle. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Vaginal smears were examined through a DIFF staining kit and viewed through a microscope to determine the estrus cycle stage. Smears were taken immediately before and after cocaine and/or caffeine injections. Furthermore, we suggest a new tool to analyze the estrus cycle by using electrical resistance of the vaginal mucosa. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the present study, we discovered that cocaine directly induced changes in the estrus cycle. Interestingly, caffeine did not affect the estrus cycle and nor did the combination of cocaine and caffeine. We observed that caffeine blocked the cocaine-induced estrus cycle changes using conventional exfoliate cytology. Therefore, caffeine may have neuroprotective properties on the changes induced by cocaine. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These phase changes in the estrus cycle may be the underlying cause of sex differences in cocaine addiction that can be blocked by caffeine. Thus, we propose a valuable insight into sex differences in cocaine abuse and reveal a possible treatment with antagonizing the adenosine system.</p>","PeriodicalId":89685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of caffeine research","volume":"4 4","pages":"109-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/jcr.2014.0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32932438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine Effects on ERP Components and Performance in an Equiprobable Auditory Go/NoGo Task.","authors":"Robert J Barry,&nbsp;Frances M De Blasio,&nbsp;Adele E Cave","doi":"10.1089/jcr.2014.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2014.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Research has reliably demonstrated that caffeine produces a general increase in physiological arousal in humans, but we previously failed to obtain the expected arousal-based changes in manually quantified event-related potential (ERP) components in response to the stimuli in a simple Go/NoGo task. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A single oral dose of caffeine (250 mg) was used in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled repeated-measures cross-over study. Adult participants (<i>N</i>=24) abstained from caffeine for 4 hours before each of two sessions, approximately 1 week apart. An equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task was used, with a random mix of 75 tones at 1,000 Hz and 75 at 1,500 Hz. All tones were 50 ms duration (rise/fall time 5 ms) at 60 dB SPL, with a fixed stimulus-onset asynchrony of 1100 ms. Principal component analysis (a form of factor analysis) was used to quantify orthogonal ERP components. <b><i>Results:</i></b> ERP components reflected the different sequential processing of each stimulus type in this paradigm, replicating previous results. Caffeine was associated with a reduction in reaction time and fewer omission errors. The major ERP effects of caffeine were apparent as a slightly enhanced Processing Negativity and larger P3b amplitudes to Go stimuli. There were few effects on components to NoGo stimuli. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results confirm our previous findings that caffeine improves aspects of the differential processing related to response production and task performance, but may be interpreted as supporting the simple amplification of ERP component amplitudes predicted by the general arousal induced by caffeine.</p>","PeriodicalId":89685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of caffeine research","volume":"4 3","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/jcr.2014.0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32674272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relations Among Caffeine Consumption, Smoking, Smoking Urge, and Subjective Smoking Reinforcement in Daily Life.","authors":"Hayley R Treloar,&nbsp;Thomas M Piasecki,&nbsp;Danielle E McCarthy,&nbsp;Timothy B Baker","doi":"10.1089/jcr.2014.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2014.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caffeine consumption and cigarette smoking tend to occur within the same individuals and at the same time. One potential explanation for this co-use is that caffeine consumption increases subjective smoking reinforcement. Electronic diaries were used to collect momentary reports of smoking, caffeine consumption, temptation/urge to smoke, and subjective smoking reinforcement in 74 prequit smokers. Momentary reports of caffeine consumption and smoking were associated, replicating previous findings. These results remained significant when contextual factors (time of day, weekday/weekend, presence of others, presence of others smoking, location, and past hour alcohol consumption) were covaried. Caffeine consumption was also associated with positive cigarette appraisals and reports of strong temptation/urge to smoke and urge reduction from the prior cigarette. Under the conditions of caffeine consumption versus at other times, smokers were significantly more likely to report their last cigarette as producing a rush/buzz, being pleasant, relaxing, and tasting good. The effects for temptation/urge to smoke and rush/buzz varied as a function of latency since smoking. Caffeine consumption increased reports of urge to smoke and rush/buzz only when smoking occurred more than 15 minutes prior to the diary entry. Findings suggest that caffeine consumption influences some aspects of smoking motivation or affects memorial processing of smoking reinforcement.</p>","PeriodicalId":89685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of caffeine research","volume":"4 3","pages":"93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/jcr.2014.0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32674273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine's Attenuation of Cocaine-Induced Dopamine Release by Inhibition of Adenosine.","authors":"Lauren B Malave,&nbsp;Patricia A Broderick","doi":"10.1089/jcr.2014.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2014.0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> It is well known that the reinforcing properties of cocaine addiction are caused by the sharp increase of dopamine (DA) in the reward areas of the brain. However, other mechanisms have been speculated to contribute to the increase. Adenosine is one system that is associated with the sleep-wake cycle and is most important in regulating neuronal activity. Thus, more and more evidence is pointing to its involvement in regulating DA release. The current study set out to examine the role of adenosine in cocaine-induced DA release. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Increasing doses of cocaine, caffeine, and their combination, as well as, 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (CPT), an adenosine A1 antagonist (alone and in combination with cocaine) were used to denote a response curve. A novel biosensor, the BRODERICK PROBE^® was implanted in the nucleus accumbens to image the drug-induced surge of DA release <i>in vivo</i>, in the freely moving animal in real time. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Combinations of cocaine and caffeine were observed to block the increased release of DA moderately after administration of the low dose (2.5 mg/kg cocaine and 12.5 mg/kg caffeine) and dramatically after administration of the high dose (10 mg/kg cocaine and 50 mg/kg caffeine), suggesting neuroprotection. Similarly, CPT and cocaine showed a decreased DA surge when administered in combination. Thus, the low and high dose of a nonselective adenosine antagonist, caffeine, and a moderate dose of a selective adenosine antagonist, CPT, protected against the cocaine-induced DA release. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These results show a significant interaction between adenosine and DA release and suggest therapeutic options for cocaine addiction and disorders associated with DA dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":89685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of caffeine research","volume":"4 2","pages":"35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/jcr.2014.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32530610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective State, Blood Pressure, and Behavioral Control Changes Produced by an \"Energy Shot\"","authors":"Cecile A Marczinski,&nbsp;Amy L Stamates,&nbsp;Julianne Ossege,&nbsp;Sarah F Maloney,&nbsp;Mark E Bardgett,&nbsp;Clifford J Brown","doi":"10.1089/jcr.2014.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2014.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Energy drinks and energy shots are popular consumer beverages that are advertised to increase feelings of alertness. Typically, these products include high levels of caffeine, a mild psychostimulant drug. The scientific evidence demonstrating the specific benefits of energy products to users in terms of subjective state and objective performance is surprisingly lacking. Moreover, there are rising health concerns associated with the use of these products. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of a popular energy shot (5-Hour Energy^®) on subjective and objective measures that were assessed hourly for 6 hours following consumption. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants (<i>n</i>=14) completed a three-session study where they received the energy shot, a placebo control, and no drink. Following dose administration, participants completed subjective Profile of Mood States ratings hourly for 6 hours. Participants also repeatedly completed a behavioral control task (the cued go/no-go task) and provided blood pressure and pulse rate readings at each hour. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Consumption of the energy shot did improve subjective state, as measured by increased ratings of vigor and decreased ratings of fatigue. However, the energy shot did not alter objective performance, which worsened over time. Importantly, the energy shot elevated both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Consumption of one energy shot may only result in modest benefits to subjective state. Individuals with preexisting hypertension or other medical conditions should be cautious about using these new consumer products.</p>","PeriodicalId":89685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of caffeine research","volume":"4 2","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/jcr.2014.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32530611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naturalistic Effects of Five Days of Bedtime Caffeine Use on Sleep, Next-Day Cognitive Performance, and Mood.","authors":"Emma K Keenan,&nbsp;Brian Tiplady,&nbsp;Caroline M Priestley,&nbsp;Peter J Rogers","doi":"10.1089/jcr.2011.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2011.0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Disruptive effects of caffeine on sleep have previously been reported, although measures of next-day mood and performance have rarely been included. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of caffeine on sleep and associated next-day effects in a naturalistic field setting. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Nineteen participants (daily caffeine intake 0-141 mg), assessed as good sleepers, took part in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 2-week crossover study to assess the effects of bedtime caffeine use (250 mg) on sleep and next-day cognitive performance and mood, which were assessed on a mobile phone in the morning and afternoon. Sleep was assessed objectively (actiwatch) and subjectively (sleep diary). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Caffeine's effects on sleep were largely restricted to the first day of administration, with actigraphically measured reduced sleep efficiency, increased activity score and fragmentation index, decreased self-rated sleep quality, and an increased occurrence of participants waking early; only decreased sleep efficiency remained over the week. Effects on next-day performance and mood were evident over the whole week, although despite disrupting sleep, accuracy on a working memory task was higher after caffeine than placebo administration. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Caffeine disrupted sleep, although when assessing next-day performance, which may have been affected by the presence of residual caffeine, performance appeared better after caffeine compared to placebo, although this was most likely due to prevention of the effects of overnight withdrawal from caffeine rather than representing a net benefit. Furthermore, partial tolerance developed to the effects of caffeine on sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":89685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of caffeine research","volume":"4 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/jcr.2011.0030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32375490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eveningness Chronotype, Daytime Sleepiness, Caffeine Consumption, and Use of Other Stimulants Among Peruvian University Students.","authors":"Anjalene Whittier,&nbsp;Sixto Sanchez,&nbsp;Benjamín Castañeda,&nbsp;Elena Sanchez,&nbsp;Bizu Gelaye,&nbsp;David Yanez,&nbsp;Michelle A Williams","doi":"10.1089/jcr.2013.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2013.0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aims of this study were to evaluate patterns of circadian preferences and daytime sleepiness, and to examine the extent to which the consumption of stimulant beverages is associated with daytime sleepiness and evening chronotype among Peruvian college-age students. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 2,581 undergraduate students completed a self-administered comprehensive questionnaire that gathered information about sleep habits, sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, and the use of caffeinated beverages. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to assess chronotype and daytime sleepiness. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression procedures to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the associations of sleep disorders with sociodemographic and behavioral factors. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The prevalence of daytime sleepiness was 35% [95% CI 32.7-36.4] and eveningness chronotype was 10% [95% CI 8.8-11.1%]. Age, sex, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with an evening chronotype. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity, students who reported consumption of any stimulant beverages had 1.25 increased odds of excessive daytime sleepiness (OR=1.25 [95% CI 1.03-1.53]) compared with students who did not consume stimulant beverages. Consumption of any stimulant beverages was not statistically significantly associated with being an evening chronotype (OR=1.30 [95% CI 0.86-1.96]). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Excessive daytime sleepiness and eveningness chronotype are common among Peruvian college students. MEQ scores were associated with age, sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Regular stimulant beverage consumption tended to be positively associated with excessive daytime sleepiness.</p>","PeriodicalId":89685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of caffeine research","volume":"4 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/jcr.2013.0029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32375973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Caffeine Administration Attenuates Vascular Injury-Induced Neointimal Hyperplasia in Rats.","authors":"Ryan D White,&nbsp;Brett B Holdaway,&nbsp;Joshua D Moody,&nbsp;Yingzi Chang","doi":"10.1089/jcr.2013.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2013.0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Inflammation is considered to be a major initiator to angioplasty-induced vascular restenosis. Proinflammatory cytokines stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation leading to neointimal hyperplasia. It has been reported that chronic caffeine use suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor Alpha) and alters adenosine receptor expression in human neutrophils, indicating that caffeine may attenuate vascular injury-induced inflammation and subsequent neointimal hyperplasia. Our current study was designed to test the hypothesis that chronic caffeine treatment decreases vascular injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing VSMC migration and proliferation. <b><i>Methods and Results:</i></b> The experiments were carried out using both <i>in vivo</i> (rat carotid artery injury model) and <i>in vitro</i> (VSMCs isolated from rat aorta) models. Male Sprague-Dawley rats that received chronic caffeine treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg per day, through oral gavage) showed a significant decrease in neointimal hyperplasia when compared to rats that received vehicle. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we tested if caffeine inhibits fetal bovine serum (FBS)-induced VSMC migration and proliferation. We found that caffeine substantially suppressed FBS-induced VSMC migration and proliferation. The attenuation of FBS-stimulated cell migration is dose dependent. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Together, our results suggest that chronic treatment with high concentrations of caffeine attenuates vascular injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":89685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of caffeine research","volume":"3 4","pages":"163-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/jcr.2013.0020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32287911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine at Moderate Doses Can Inhibit Acupuncture-Induced Analgesia in a Mouse Model of Postoperative Pain.","authors":"Ari O Moré,&nbsp;Francisco J Cidral-Filho,&nbsp;Leidiane Mazzardo-Martins,&nbsp;Daniel F Martins,&nbsp;Francisney P Nascimento,&nbsp;Shin Min Li,&nbsp;Adair R S Santos","doi":"10.1089/jcr.2013.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2013.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of acupuncture in the treatment of pain conditions has been extensively investigated. However, the influence of dietary ingredients on acupuncture-induced analgesia (AA) remains unexplored. Recently, the role of adenosine receptors in AA has been shown, and caffeine, one of the world's most commonly consumed dietary ingredients, is an antagonist of these receptors. In this study, the postincisional pain model was used to investigate caffeine's influence on AA.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Mice submitted to plantar incision surgery were treated with acupuncture needling after administration of acute or chronic caffeine. Acupuncture needling was performed using two different types of stimuli, manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture bilaterally in the acupoint SP6.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that acute preadministration of caffeine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) completely reversed AA in both types of acupuncture. In the chronic preadministration, we used two doses that mimicked the average daily caffeine consumption in Western countries and China. Interestingly, the Western dose of caffeine (70 mg/kg/day) administered during 8 days in the drinking water reversed AA and the Chinese dose (4 mg/kg/day) administered during the same period did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate that the use of caffeine can inhibit the analgesic effect of different forms of acupuncture. In addition, our findings suggest that doses of caffeine relevant to dietary human intake levels could be a confounding factor in the context of acupuncture research.</p>","PeriodicalId":89685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of caffeine research","volume":"3 3","pages":"143-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/jcr.2013.0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32287910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}