Epidemiology Research International最新文献

{"title":"Patient Level Delay in Diagnosis of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Haryana","authors":"Sandeep Sharma","doi":"10.24321/2455.7048.201918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201918","url":null,"abstract":"1 Senior Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India. 2Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India. 3,4,5,7Junior Resident, 6Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India. 8Junior Resident, Department of Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical Collage & Research Centre, Moradabad, U.P., India. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201918 Background: Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) besides increasing cost and duration of treatment also increases the mortality and morbidity. Less awareness in the community and diagnostic constraints for MDR-TB at patient level is a major cause of delay in diagnosis. Objective: To find out the delay in diagnosis of MDR-TB and factors affecting this delay among MDR-TB patients attending tertiary care hospital, PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana, India. Material and Methods: It is a hospital based cross-sectional study carried out in the department of Respiratory Medicine, PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana from March 2018 to February 2019 among 125 admitted patients of MDR-TB in tertiary care hospital, PGIMS Rohtak. A pre-designed, pretested, semi-structured interview schedule was used and data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0 and Chi square test was applied. Result: The mean and median patient delay was found to be 31.11 days and 21 days, respectively. Extent of patient delay was significantly associated with socio-demographic factors like age, sex, literacy status, occupation, addiction and past history of TB in patients. Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that there was significant delay in the diagnosis as well as seeking treatment at patient level which was associated with socio-demographic factors. Thus, there is urgent need to boost up the Information, Education and Communication (IEC) activities to increase awareness among general public about the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of MDR-TB.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84860523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study of Health Profile of IT Professionals in Goa","authors":"Preksha P Vernekar","doi":"10.24321/2455.7048.201909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77064687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Investigation of Acute Gastroenteritis in a Residential Campus Area of Delhi, India","authors":"Ashutosh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.24321/2455.7048.201910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201910","url":null,"abstract":"1Lecturer, Department of Community, Medicine, Government Medical College, Banda, U.P. 2Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College and ESI Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. 3Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi. 4Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Murshidabad Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal. 5Demonstrator, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Sagure, Kamarhati, Kolkata. 6Assistant Professor (Statistics & Demography), Department of Community Medicine, MGM Medical College, Indore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201910 Background: This report is about the investigation of an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis that claimed two human lives and left 180 people affected within one week of its outbreak in a residential campus area in Delhi, India in the month of June 2013. The study was conducted to find out the causes of acute gastroenteritis outbreak and to suggest preventive and control measures. Methods: A cross sectional study was designed and a pre-tested predesigned epidemiological case sheet was used and a total of 180 cases of acute gastroenteritis were interviewed. Contribution by ecological factors was also assessed. Stool and water samples were also collected. Results: Out of 14000 inhabitants, 180 people suffered from similar complaints of acute gastroenteritis. Males and females were almost equally affected although people in the age group 15 44 completed years, 88 (48.8%) and those living in type I quarters, 108 (60%) were affected most. Epidemic curve with single peak was obtained. Environmental surveillance revealed breakage of drinking water pipelines and mixing of drinking water with sewage water near type I quarters. Out of 14 stool samples collected, one was positive for Vibrio cholerae (ogawa serotype). Conclusion: The present study reflected the possible contamination drinking water with sewage water in outbreak of gastroenteritis. By employing simple epidemiological field investigation, the outbreak was brought under control.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"356 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80135905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morbidities among Shipbuilding Workers in Goa: A Retrospective Record-Based Study","authors":"K. S","doi":"10.24321/2455.7048.201908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201908","url":null,"abstract":"1,2Post Graduate Student, 3Professor and Head of Department, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Goa Medical College, Goa, India. 4,5,6,7,8,9MBBS Student, Goa Medical College, Goa, India. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201908 Background: Shipbuilding industry is among the heaviest and most hazardous production industries. The workers are exposed to various chemicals and physical hazards. Chronic illnesses are important among long term shipyard workers. The current study was performed to assess selected morbidities among shipbuilding workers in Goa and to suggest suitable measures to minimize the hazards. Methods: A retrospective record-based cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of two months from November to December 2018. The data of 791 workers was obtained from OHS centre catering to the shipbuilding industries in North-Goa which conducted periodic medical check-ups of the shipbuilding workers. The data included socio-demographic details and details regarding selected morbidities among shipbuilding workers. Result: The records of 791 workers working in shipbuilding industry was analysed. A high number of workers i.e. 216 (23.3%) were overweight. As high as 196 (24.8%) workers were hypertensive, 101 (12.8%) had diabetes, 76 (9.6%) had dyslipidaemia while 3 (0.4%) were anaemic. 40 (5.1%) had restrictive lung disease, while 9 (1.1%) had obstructive lung disease. Assessment of Audiometry reports revealed that 190 (24%) workers had mild hearing loss, 33 (4.2%) had moderate hearing loss and 14 (1.8%) had severe hearing loss. Conclusions: Shipbuilding workers suffer from several health problems, notably, hearing impairment, visual impairment, lung conditions impairing pulmonary functions as well as lifestyle diseases like diabetes, hypertension, overweight and dyslipidaemia. Periodic medical examinations are needed for timely detection and appropriate treatment of these health conditions among the shipbuilding workers.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75820180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Outcome in Diabetic Pregnant Women-Impact of an Intervention Programme","authors":"M. Kachroo","doi":"10.24321/2455.7048.201907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201907","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81893514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in India: A Knowledge Attitude Gap Analysis of Nurses in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern India","authors":"J. C. Sharma","doi":"10.24321/2455.7048.201906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201906","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cervical cancer is potentially one of the most preventable and treatable cancers. Despite the known efficacy of cervical screening, a significant number of women in developing countries like India do not avail themselves of the procedure due to lack of awareness and sociocultural misconceptions. \u0000Objectives: This study was conducted to elicit information on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) regarding cervical screening (Pap test) and to assess barriers to acceptance of the Pap test among nurses in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. Awareness and acceptance for vaccination for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) was also assessed. \u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire among female nurses. The study subjects were interviewed for KAP regarding risk factors for cancer cervix, Pap test and HPV vaccination for protection against carcinoma cervix. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study participants. Association between socio-demographic factors and awareness and practices were assessed using the chi square test. p-value <0.05 was considered significant. \u0000Results: A large no of nurses had good knowledge about the risk factors and the importance of PAP test screening (95.9%). Many of the study subjects had a favourable attitude towards Pap test 92 (93.9%) and vaccination 82 (88.2%), but despite being in a centre with direct access to screening 68 (69.4%) of the study subjects never had a Pap test themselves and the most common reason cited was not finding the need to screen as they felt it was not applicable to them (45.6 %) not finding the need to screen as they felt it was not applicable to them. Acceptance for HPV vaccination was more 58 (59.2%) than Paps test 30 (31.4%). \u0000Conclusion: In spite of good knowledge and attitudes towards prevention of cancer cervix, Pap test and HPV vaccination, practice remained low among the nurses. Acceptance of HPV vaccination was more than Pap test reflecting the lower acceptance of intimately invasive procedures.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86223197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of “Renal Diet Therapy and Deep Breathing Exercises” on Biochemical Parameters in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients of Shere Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) Soura Srinagar Kashmir","authors":"Dilshada Wani","doi":"10.24321/2455.7048.201903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201903","url":null,"abstract":"Dilshada Wani, Pity Koul 1Professor cum Vice Principal, MMINNS & R Sher i Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir. 2Programme Coordinator and Ex. Director of School of Health Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi, India. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201903 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an irreversible and progressive reduction of renal tissue function which affects almost all other systems of the body. It often goes undiagnosed and therefore remains undertreated. For this reason, various biochemical parameters such as: serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, urinary protein, urinary albumin, urinary creatinine and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) act as baseline predictors in early detection and management of CKD manifestations. Hence the present study was undertaken to find out the outcome of “Renal diet therapy and Deep breathing exercises” on 21 kidney related biochemical parameters among adult CKD patients who were admitted in SKIMS from 5th March 2012 to 31st July 2013.A total of 200 adult CKD patients being randomly selected were studied in two groups (experimental=100; control=100). The findings of the study revealed that CKD patients in the experimental group who received “Renal diet therapy and Deep breathing exercises” reported a considerable improvement (p≤0.05) in 11 biochemical parameters including: fasting serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, chloride, hematocrit and platelets as compared to CKD patients in control group who received routine care, had shown a considerable improvement (p≤0.05) in only 5 biochemical parameters such as: fasting serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium and phosphorus. Hence, it can be inferred that “Renal diet therapy and Deep breathing exercises” were effective in regulating various biochemical parameters within normal level in CKD patients. However, the long-term efficacy of these non-pharmacological therapies need to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74826723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulphonylurea Use in Diabetic Patients with Melioidosis: A Systematic Review","authors":"S. Phadnis","doi":"10.24321/2455.7048.201905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201905","url":null,"abstract":"Salil Phadnis, Aishwarya Potdar, Ricardo Izurieta, Rahul Mhaskar 1,2,4University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612. 3University of South Florida College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201905 Introduction: Diabetes is a common comorbidity among patients with melioidosis. Melioidosis, is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Current literature shows a conflicted view regarding the interactions between sulphonylurea medications and susceptibility and severity of B. pseudomallei infections. We conducted a systematic review to determine the effect of sulphonylurea medications on diabetic patients with melioidosis. Methods: We included randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies that compared health outcomes among patients with diabetes and melioidosis who were taking sulphonylurea medication with those who were not. Our primary outcome was mortality, while secondary outcomes were development of complications such aswere hypotension, septicemia and respiratory distress. The methodological quality of included studies was investigated using the checklist by Downs and Black. Data were synthesized as risk ratios (RR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) using random effects model. Results: We included three observational studies enrolling a total of 1,349 patients. We did not find evidence for a difference in mortality among patients suffering with melioidosis and diabetes receiving sulphonylurea medications compared with patients not receiving sulphonylurea medications (RR: 0.63 (95 % Cis 0.22-1.85) p=0.41). We also did not find any significant differences in hypotension (RR: 0.81 (95% Cis 0.25-2.62) p=0.73), respiratory distress (RR: 0.66 (95%Cis 0.34-1.29) p=0.23), or septicemia (RR: 0.80 (95% Cis 0.45-1.42) p=0.45) between the two groups. Conclusion: Given the high comorbidity rate of melioidosis and diabetes and the use of sulphonylureas as a first line treatment, we believe a far more thorough investigation of the effect of sulphonylurea medications on mortality and complications from melioidosis is warranted.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"296 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90801298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Menstrual Health among Adolescent Girls in North Goa","authors":"K. S","doi":"10.24321/2455.7048.201901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201901","url":null,"abstract":"1,2Post Graduate Student, 3Professor and Head, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Goa Medical College, Goa, India. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.20190","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84399725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Occupational Noise Exposure Level in the Industries of Bhutan","authors":"Phuntsho Dendup","doi":"10.24321/2455.7048.201902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201902","url":null,"abstract":"Phuntsho Dendup, Sonam Tenzin, Penpa 1Department of Labour, Ministry of Labour and Human Resources Thimphu, Bhutan. 2,3Regional Labour and Human Resources Office, Ministry of Labour and Human Resources, Phuntsholing, Bhutan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201902 Introduction: Noise hearing loss has been long recognized as an occupational disease which is preventable. The health effect of noise exposure depends on the level of noise and the duration of exposure. Thus, understanding noise levels and determining workers’ exposure to different noise levels at workplace is paramount in determining preventable programs at workplace. However, in Bhutan, there is limited or no information or studies on the prevalence of noise exposure level in the industries. Methods: The objective of this article is to ascertain the level of occupational noise exposure in the 26 manufacturing industries in two state of Bhutan and determine the high-risk industry and occupation. Sectors with high risk of noise exposure were selected for the study and similarly, the departments with high noise pollution within the establishment were considered for sampling. The level of noise was measured using NIOSH SLM apps on iOS devices and structured forms were used. Results: 34.6% of industries have occupation noise level between 85 to 90dB(A) and 38.5% have above 91dB(A). By occupation, 43.5% of workers are exposed to occupational noise level more than 90dB(A). Among various occupations, carpenters and operators are found to be vulnerable to hearing loss. Conclusion: Since more than one third of the enterprises have occupational noise level exceeding 90 dB(A), the workers in these workplaces have a higher risk of hearing loss. The situation could be further aggravated due to not using ear protection and not having hearing conservation programs in these workplaces.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81625506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}