Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation as a Treatment Approach for Recurrent Ventricular Arrhythmias: A Concise Review.","authors":"Andrei Gurau, Frank Bosmans, Andreas Barth, Malcolm V Brock, Jinny S Ha","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation (CSD) has gained traction as a promising neuromodulatory therapy for Refractory Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias (RVT), particularly in patients with channelopathies and Ischemic (ICM) and Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathies (NICM) who are refractory to conventional treatment. This mini review examines the pathophysiological role of the sympathetic nervous system in RVT and assesses the efficacy of Bilateral CSD (BCSD) through a literature review. Historical perspectives have traced the evolution of CSD from its initial use in intractable angina to its current application in ventricular arrhythmias. BCSD is associated with improved outcomes for refractory ventricular arrhythmias, with studies demonstrating approximately 60% reductions in implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks and over 50% shock-and transplant-free survival at 1 year after BCSD. Notably, the 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS guidelines recommend Left CSD (LCSD) for certain etiologies of RVT, including congenital long QT syndrome, Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT), and VT/VF storm. Both Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) and Robot-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (RATS) BCSD are performed, with shorter operative times for RATS. Yet, most RVT CSD studies have a small sample size; therefore, complications may be underreported because the studies are underpowered. Although BCSD has superior reported outcomes with respect to left CSD, there may be confounding factors due to the selection of healthier patients for BCSD. Additional comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness data are needed to guide clinical practice. In conclusion, BCSD can restore the quality of life of severely impacted RVT patients; however, the benefits must be weighed against procedure-related risks, and further research should clarify the impact on long-term morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradoxical Coronary Embolism Causing Unstable Angina in an Octogenarian","authors":"Vikas Kumar, S. Negi, A. Ahuja, D. Puri","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000622","url":null,"abstract":"Acute coronary syndrome resulting from paradoxical coronary embolism is a known and dreaded entity. It should be suspected in all patients who present with acute coronary syndrome with normal coronary arteries on angiography, irrespective of age. We report a case of an 80 year old male with unstable angina with atrial septal defect and 95% acute thrombotic occlusion of the right coronary artery with rest of the coronaries being normal on coronary angiography.","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9880.1000622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70323205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Report on 20 Cases at Multiple Centers and a Review of the Literature","authors":"Hidehiko Nakamura, I. Taguchi, Shiro Nakahara, Shu Inami, M. Sakuma, Hiroyuki Sugimura, Kazuo Matsumoto, T. Itoh, Y. Morino, Tomohiro Mizutani, J. Ako, M. Nakano, K. Yoshioka, Takanobu Mitarai, Y. Akashi, Takahiro Nomura, H. Yoshino","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000621","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an uncommon etiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS); however, appropriate treatment based on early diagnosis can improve outcomes. We screened medical records of all ACS patients who were admitted to one of 8 different centers (Cardiovascular Research Consortium-8 Universities) and underwent emergent coronary angiography from January 2001 to December 2014. From these ACS patients, we selected the patients with SCAD based on a review of the results of coronary angiography. Patient demographics, treatment, and in-hospital and long-term outcomes were determined from a review of medical records and angiographic findings. Of the 9377 ACS patients, 20 (0.21%) were diagnosed with SCAD. In these 20 SCAD patients, the mean age was 48.6 ± 12.0 years old, and 19 patients were female (95.0%). In 3 patients (15%), SCAD was associated with pregnancy. Coronary spasm was associated with SCAD in 2 patients (10%). Two patients (10%) were treated conservatively, and percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in 18 patients (90%). Two patients (10.0%) received target lesion revascularization, and one patient (5%) received coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). SCAD recurred in one patient (5%), and there was in-hospital death in one patient (5%) after CABG. The patient demographics and outcomes in this study were compatible with recent reports of SCAD, except for the trigger of coronary spasm. SCAD should be suspected in middle-aged female ACS patients, and conservative treatment is recommended when there is no ongoing ischemia or left main trunk dissection. In addition, close follow-up is important.","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9880.1000621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70323192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venous Thromboembolism Risk, Prophylaxis and Outcome in Hospitalized Patients to Medical Wards of University Teaching Hospital","authors":"F. Ahmed, S. Hussen, T. Assefa","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000620","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE), deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are important causes of disability and death in hospitalized patient. This study aimed at assessing venous VTE risks and prophylaxis and outcome in hospitalized patients to medical wards of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH). Material and methods: A retrospective cross sectional study involving 200 patients' chart review in those who admitted to medical wards of TASH was conducted using the instrument from TASH guideline on VTE prophylaxis and treatment. Data was entered by EPI Info 7 and then exported to SPSS 21 version software database for analysis. Results: Out of 200 medically admitted patients, 186 (93%) of them had at least two risk factors for VTE development. Only 75 (40%) patients received thromboprophylaxis and VTE was prevented in 61 (32.8%) patients who received prophylaxis. However, 11 (5.5%) of high and highest risk categories study population, developed VTE during their stay at hospital. In 128/200 (64%) study participants, the status of VTE outcome was not known since such information was not documented on patents’ charts. Among 14 variables associated with occurrence of VTE, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that patients aged ≥ 60 years, AOR=6.55 (95% CI [1.40-30.74]), AMI, AOR=83.22 (95% CI [3.07-225.90]), lung diseases including pneumonia, AOR=9.55 (95% CI [11.62-56.40]) and having stroke within one last month, AOR=1.61 (95% CI [9.16-16.8]) were independent predictors for development of VTE events. Conclusion: In this study, all patients have at least one risk factor for VTE. Only 37.5% of patients received TP. There is a need for implementation of existing evidence based guidelines proposed by TASH.","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9880.1000620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70323133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating a Biomarker Panel for Early Detection of Chemotherapy Related Cardiac Dysfunction in Breast Cancer Patients.","authors":"Krithika Srikanthan,&nbsp;Rebecca Klug,&nbsp;Maria Tirona,&nbsp;Ellen Thompson,&nbsp;Haresh Visweshwar,&nbsp;Nitin Puri,&nbsp;Joseph Shapiro,&nbsp;Komal Sodhi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiotoxicity is an important issue for breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-trastuzumab therapy in the adjuvant setting. Studies show that 3-36% of patients receiving anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab experience chemotherapy related cardiac dysfunction (CRCD) and approximately 17% of patients must stop chemotherapy due to the consequences of CRCD. There is currently no standardized, clinically verified way to detect CRCD early, but common practices include serial echocardiography and troponin measurements, which can be timely, costly, and not always available in areas where health care resources are scarce. Furthermore, detection of CRCD, before there is any echocardiographic evidence of dysfunction or clinical symptoms present, would allow maximal benefit of chemotherapy and minimize cardiac complications. Creating a panel of serum biomarkers would allow for more specificity and sensitivity in the early detection of CRCD, which would be easy to implement and cost effective in places with limited health care. Based on a review of the literature, we propose creating a biomarker panel consisting of topoisomerase 2β, serum troponin T/I, myeloperoxidase, NT-proBNP, miR-208b, miR-34a, and miR-150 in breast cancer patients receiving anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab to detect CRCD before any signs of overt cardiotoxicity are apparent.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9880.1000507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35113216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics, and Bioavailability of Higher Doses of Tocotrienols in Healthy Fed Humans.","authors":"Asaf A Qureshi, Dilshad A Khan, Neerupma Silswal, Shahid Saleem, Nilofer Qureshi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000434","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tocotrienols has been known to lower serum lipid parameters below 500 mg/d, while increase lipid parameters at higher dose of 750 mg/d. δ-Tocotrienol has a novel inflammatory property of concentration-dependent inhibition and activation. Therefore, inhibition (anti-inflammatory) property of tocotrienols at low doses is useful for cardiovascular disease, whereas, activation (pro-inflammatory) property using high dose is found effective for treatments of various types of cancer. We have recently described plasma bioavailability of 125 mg/d, 250 mg/d and 500 mg/d doses of δ-tocotrienol in healthy fed subjects, which showed dose-dependent increases in area under the curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (C_max). Hence, in the current study, higher doses of tocotrienols have used to analyze its effect on plasma pharmacokinetic parameters.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate the safety and bioavailability of higher doses (750 mg and 1000 mg) of annatto-based tocotrienols in healthy fed subjects. All four isomers (α-, β-, γ-, δ-) of tocols (tocotrienols and tocopherols) present in the plasmas of subjects were quantified and analyzed for various pharmacokinetic parameters.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>An open-label, randomized study was performed to analyze pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of δ-tocotrienol in 6 healthy fed subjects. All subjects (3/dose) were randomly assigned to one of each dose of 750 mg or 1000 mg. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 h intervals and all isomers of α-,β-,γ-,δ-tocotrienols, and tocopherols in plasmas were quantified by HPLC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oral administration of 750 and 1000 mg/d of tocotrienols resulted in dose-dependent increases in plasmas (ng/ml) AUCt_0-t₈ 6621, 7450; AUCt_0-∞ 8688, 9633; AUMC t_0-∞ 52497, 57199; MRT 6.04, 5.93; C_max 1444, 1592 (P<0.05), respectively, of δ-tocotrienol isomer. Moreover, both doses also resulted in plasmas T_max 3.33-4 h; elimination half-life (t_1/2 h) 2.74, 2.68; time of clearance (Cl-T, l/h) 0.086, 0.078; volume of distribution (Vd/f, mg/h) 0.34, 0.30; and elimination rate constant (ke; h^-1) 0.25, 0.17, respectively of δ- tocotrienol isomer. Similar results of these parameters were reported for γ-tocotrienol, β- tocotrienol, α-tocotrienol, δ-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and β-tocopherol, except for α- tocopherol.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study has described pharmacokinetics using higher doses of 750 mg/d and 1000 mg/d of δ-tocotrienol. These results confirmed earlier findings that T_max was 3-4 h for all isomers of tocotrienols and tocopherols except for α-tocopherol (6 h). These higher doses of tocotrienols were found safe in humans and may be useful for treatments of various types of cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4968874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34637632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocardial Strain and Strain Rate in Kawasaki Disease: Range, Recovery, and Relationship to Systemic Inflammation/Coronary Artery Dilation.","authors":"Benjamin Frank,&nbsp;Jesse Davidson,&nbsp;Suhong Tong,&nbsp;Blake Martin,&nbsp;Heather Heizer,&nbsp;Marsha S Anderson,&nbsp;Mary P Glode,&nbsp;Samuel R Dominguez,&nbsp;Pei-Ni Jone","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kawasaki Disease (KD), a systemic vasculitis of medium sized vessels, is the most common cause of acquired heart disease among children in the developed world. Some KD patients demonstrate echocardiographic evidence of depressed myocardial mechanics. However, the incidence, etiology, and reversibility of abnormal mechanics in KD patients remain undefined.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We retrospectively studied 41 KD patients and measured myocardial strain and strain rate by velocity vector imaging from pre-treatment and convalescent echocardiograms. Pre-treatment procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and coronary artery z-scores were obtained in all patients and compared between the groups with preserved versus depressed acute phase mechanics. The change in mechanics between the acute and convalescent phases was also assessed. Patients with initially low longitudinal strain improved by the convalescent period (mean difference - 4.0%; p<0.005) with the greatest improvement occurring in patients with the lowest initial strain (-7.3%; p<0.05). Patients with higher initial strain did not change significantly by the convalescent period. Patients with lower longitudinal and circumferential strain demonstrated higher median procalcitonin levels (1.2 vs. 0.3 ng/mL; p<0.05 and 1.8 vs. 0.4 ng/mL; p<0.05 respectively) and a trend towards higher CRP, but no difference in coronary artery z-scores. Strain rate was not associated with inflammatory markers or coronary artery z-scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The range of strain found in our cohort was large. Improvement in mean strain was driven primarily by patients with lower initial strain. Lower strain was associated with increased markers of systemic inflammation, but not proximal coronary artery changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9880.1000432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34550263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Dietary Components in Modulating Hypertension.","authors":"Andrew Feyh, Lucas Bracero, Hari Vishal Lakhani, Prasanna Santhanam, Joseph I Shapiro, Zeid Khitan, Komal Sodhi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000433","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension is a major health issue, particularly in medically underserved populations that may suffer from poor health literacy, poverty, and limited access to healthcare resources. Management of the disease reduces the risk of adverse outcomes, such as cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events, vision impairment due to retinal damage, and renal failure. In addition to pharmacological therapy, lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise are effective in managing hypertension. Current diet guidelines include the DASH diet, a low-fat and low-sodium diet that encourages high consumption of fruits and vegetables. While the diet is effective in controlling hypertension, adherence to the diet is poor and there are few applicable dietary alternatives, which is an issue that can arise from poor health literacy in at-risk populations. The purpose of this review is to outline the effect of specific dietary components, both positive and negative, when formulating a dietary approach to hypertension management that ultimately aims to improve patient adherence to the treatment, and achieve better control of hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9880.1000433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34465375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current OCT Approaches Do Not Reliably Identify TCFAs.","authors":"Mark E Brezinski,&nbsp;Kishore J Harjai","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is now clearly established that Thin-Capped Fibroatheromas (TCFAs) lead to most Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACSs). The ability to selectively intervene on TCFAs predisposed to rupture and ACSs would dramatically alter the practice of cardiology. While the ability of OCT to identify thin walled plaques at micron scale resolutions has represented a major advance, it is a misconception that it can reliably identify TCFAs. One major reason is that the 'diffuse border' criteria currently used to determine 'lipid plaque' is almost undoubtedly from high scattering in the intima and not because of core composition (necrotic core). A second reason is that, rather than looking at lipid collections, studies need to be focused on identifying necrotic cores with OCT. Necrotic cores are characteristic of TCFAs and not lipid collections. Numerous other OCT approaches are available which can potentially accurately assess TCFAs, but these have not been aggressively pursed which we believe likely stems in part from the misconceptions over the efficacy of 'diffuse borders'.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"5 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9880.1000350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35664754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanosensing and Regulation of Cardiac Function.","authors":"David E Dostal,&nbsp;Hao Feng,&nbsp;Damir Nizamutdinov,&nbsp;Honey B Golden,&nbsp;Syeda H Afroze,&nbsp;Joseph D Dostal,&nbsp;John C Jacob,&nbsp;Donald M Foster,&nbsp;Carl Tong,&nbsp;Shannon Glaser,&nbsp;Fnu Gerilechaogetu","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of mechanical force as an important regulator of structure and function of mammalian cells, tissues, and organs has recently been recognized. However, mechanical overload is a pathogenesis or comorbidity existing in a variety of heart diseases, such as hypertension, aortic regurgitation and myocardial infarction. Physical stimuli sensed by cells are transmitted through intracellular signal transduction pathways resulting in altered physiological responses or pathological conditions. Emerging evidence from experimental studies indicate that β1-integrin and the angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptor play critical roles as mechanosensors in the regulation of heart contraction, growth and leading to heart failure. Integrin link the extracellular matrix and the intracellular cytoskeleton to initiate the mechanical signalling, whereas, the AT1 receptor could be activated by mechanical stress through an angiotensin-II-independent mechanism. Recent studies show that both Integrin and AT1 receptor and their downstream signalling factors including MAPKs, AKT, FAK, ILK and GTPase regulate heart function in cardiac myocytes. In this review we describe the role of mechanical sensors residing within the plasma membrane, mechanical sensor induced downstream signalling factors and its potential roles in cardiac contraction and growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"5 6","pages":"314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9880.1000314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32889030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}