Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Novel Split Chest Tube Improves Post-Surgical Thoracic Drainage.","authors":"Albert H Olivencia-Yurvati,&nbsp;Brandon H Cherry,&nbsp;Hunaid A Gurji,&nbsp;Daniel W White,&nbsp;J Tyler Newton,&nbsp;Gary F Scott,&nbsp;Besim Hoxha,&nbsp;Terence Gourlay,&nbsp;Robert T Mallet","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Conventional, separate mediastinal and pleural tubes are often inefficient at draining thoracic effusions.</p><p><strong>Description: </strong>We developed a Y-shaped chest tube with split ends that divide within the thoracic cavity, permitting separate intrathoracic placement and requiring a single exit port. In this study, thoracic drainage by the split drain vs. that of separate drains was tested.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After sternotomy, pericardiotomy, and left pleurotomy, pigs were fitted with separate chest drains (n=10) or a split tube prototype (n=9) with internal openings positioned in the mediastinum and in the costo-diaphragmatic recess. Separate series of experiments were conducted to test drainage of D5W or 0.58 M sucrose, an aqueous solution with viscosity approximating that of plasma. One litre of fluid was infused into the thorax, and suction was applied at -20 cm H2O for 30 min.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When D5W was infused, the split drain left a residual volume of 53 ± 99 ml (mean value ± SD) vs. 148 ± 120 for the separate drain (P=0.007), representing a drainage efficiency (i.e. drained vol/[drained + residual vol]) of 95 ± 10% vs. 86 ± 12% for the separate drains (P = 0.011). In the second series, the split drain evacuated more 0.58 M sucrose in the first minute (967 ± 129 ml) than the separate drains (680 ± 192 ml, P<0.001). By 30 min, the split drain evacuated a similar volume of sucrose vs. the conventional drain (1089 ± 72 vs. 1056 ± 78 ml; P = 0.5). Residual volume tended to be lower (25 ± 10 vs. 62 ± 72 ml; P = 0.128) and drainage efficiency tended to be higher (98 ± 1 vs. 95 ± 6%; P = 0.111) with the split drain vs. conventional separate drains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The split chest tube drained the thoracic cavity at least as effectively as conventional separate tubes. This new device could potentially alleviate postoperative complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"5 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9880.1000321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32882133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between inflammatory markers and liver fat: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Yasmin S Hamirani,&nbsp;Ronit Katz,&nbsp;Khurram Nasir,&nbsp;Irfan Zeb,&nbsp;Michael J Blaha,&nbsp;Roger S Blumenthal,&nbsp;Richard N Kronmal,&nbsp;Matthew J Budoff","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease. Data is emerging that an independent association between markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and NAFLD exists and it may be considered as an independent predictor of cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. We aim to better characterize the relationship between NAFLD and inflammatory markers in a multi-ethnic cohort by assessing fatty liver on computed tomography (CT) scans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a longitudinal, population-based study from four ethnic groups free of CV disease at baseline. The inflammatory markers studied include: C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). On CT scans liver-to-spleen ratio (LSR: Hounsfield Units (HU) of the liver divided by HU of spleen) of <1 and liver attenuation of <40 HU were used as criteria for fatty liver. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>4038 participants amongst 6814 MESA population with visible spleen on the CT scan, available CRP and IL-6 levels and no reported liver cirrhosis were included. The average age was 61 +/- 10 years, 37% Caucasians and 45% were males. Mean CRP and IL-6 were 2.36 mg/dl and 1.37 pg/ml respectively. 696 participants (17%) had LSR of <1 and 253 (6%) had liver attenuation of <40 HU. When using LSR <1 as a continuous variable, the correlation (adjusted odds ratio (OR)) with CRP >2.0 was 0.037 (95% CI: 0.02-0.054) and with IL-6 was 0.014 (95% CI: 0.004-0.023). On the other hand when presence and absence of LSR <1 was considered, higher ORs for association with CRP >2: 1.41 (95% CI: 1.16 to 1.73) and IL6:1.18 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.31) were found. Similarly, the adjusted association of per unit decrease in liver attenuation with CRP>2 was 1.92 (95% CI: 1.20 to 2.63) while for IL-6 was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.69 to 1.47). When considering presence and absence of liver attenuation <40 HU the OR for CRP >2 was 2.27 (95% CI: 1.62 to 3.16) and for IL-6 was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.13 to 1.58).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CRP and IL-6 levels were found to be significantly associated with liver fat assessed on CT scan after adjusting for other risk factors for atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"5 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9880.1000344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32984030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronary Revascularization Using Bilateral Internal Thoracic Arteries: Safe with Skeletonization?","authors":"Brody Wehman,&nbsp;Bradley Taylor","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.S7-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.S7-007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substantial evidence exists to support a long-term survival benefit with bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) revascularization in coronary artery bypass grafting. However, this technique remains grossly underutilized worldwide and especially in the United States. In this review, we discuss evidence for the advantages of BITA grafting as well as the associated the risk of sternal wound complications. We then review a growing body of literature that suggests 'skeletonization' of the internal thoracic artery during harvest confers a protective benefit against sternal wound infection in patients receiving BITA.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"Suppl 7 ","pages":"007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3992858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32287016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocardial Mitochondria at the Intersection of Health and Disease","authors":"Edwards Jg","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000E123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000E123","url":null,"abstract":"The air that we breathe and the food that we eat reach their confluency in the mitochondria to derive the energy that the cell is dependent upon. The heart is the most aerobic of organs and has little anaerobic reserve compared to the constant demands placed upon it. At rest the arterial-venous oxygen extraction from the blood is the greatest from the heart and this only goes up with exercise. Common to all cell types residing in the heart is the need for energy and mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant contributor to cell death across the spectrum of cardiac disorders. Mitochondrial failure within any one cell type creates varying complications that eventually manifest as heart failure.","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87706473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Supplement-5 with a Combination of Proteasome Inhibitors (Resveratrol, Quercetin, <i>δ</i>-Tocotrienol) Modulate Age-Associated Biomarkers and Cardiovascular Lipid Parameters in Human Subjects.","authors":"Asaf A Qureshi,&nbsp;Dilshad A Khan,&nbsp;Wajiha Mahjabeen,&nbsp;Christopher J Papasian,&nbsp;Nilofer Qureshi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age-associated altered redox imbalances and dysregulated immune function, contribute to the development of a variety of age associated diseases. Inflammatory markers and lipid profiles are useful prognostic indicators of a variety of age-associated and cardiovascular diseases. We have previously studied the impact of several proteasome inhibitors on several markers of inflammation and lipid profiles <i>in vitro, in vivo</i>, in cell lines, animal models, and in human subjects. The current study represents an extension of this work. Our main hypothesis is that a combination of various naturally-occurring proteasome inhibitors, which inhibits nitric oxide (NO), and C-reactive protein (CRP) mediated inflammation, will have better efficacy in the prevention and treatment of age-associated disorders including cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trials were conducted to determine the impact of a mixture of NS-5 (resveratrol, pterostilbene, quercetin, δ-tocotrienol, nicotinic acid) on serum NO, CRP, γ-glutamyl-transferase (γ-GT) activity, total antioxidant status (TAS), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Healthy seniors (Group-1; <i>n</i> = 32) free-living (A, B; 16/group), and hypercholesterolemic (Group-2; <i>n</i> = 64) subjects on AHA-Step-1-diet were divided into two groups (C, D; 32/group). Baseline levels were established for parameters as mentioned above. Groups A, C were administered 4-capsules/d of NS-5 and groups B, D, placebo (starch) for 6-weeks. Groups were crossed-over, followed by a 2-week wash-out period. Groups A, C were given 4-capsules/d of placebo and groups B, D, 4-capsules/d of NS-5 for 6-weeks. Groups C, D were continued on AHA-Step-1-diet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the subjects completed each phase in both studies without any complaints. There were significant ( <b><i>P</i></b> < 0.01 - 0.05) decreases in the serum levels of NO (30%, 26%), CRP (29%, 21%), γ-GT activity (14%, 17%), and blood pressure (systolic/diastolic, 3/6%, 3/3%) of Groups A and B, respectively, of free-living healthy seniors without affecting the total, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol or triglycerides compared to their respective baseline values. However, serum levels of NO (36%, 43%), CRP (31%, 48%), γ-GT (17%, 20%), total cholesterol (19%, 15%), LDL-cholesterol (28%, 20%), triglycerides (11%, 18%) of Groups C and D were significantly ( <b><i>P</i></b> < 0.01-0.05) decreased with NS-5 treatment of hypercholesterolemic subjects compared to baseline values, without affecting the serum HDL-cholesterol levels. The serum levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) were increased (10%, 14%; <b><i>P</i></b> < 0.05) in Groups A and B, increased (19%, 24%; <b><i>P</i></b> < 0.02), and blood pressure (systolic/diastolic, 5/6%, 3/5%) in Groups C and D with NS-5 treatment, compared to respective baseline values.</p><p><s","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9880.1000238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31939230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antipsychotics and the Risks of Sudden Cardiac Death and All-Cause Death: Cohort Studies in Medicaid and Dually-Eligible Medicaid-Medicare Beneficiaries of Five States.","authors":"Charles E Leonard, Cristin P Freeman, Craig W Newcomb, Warren B Bilker, Stephen E Kimmel, Brian L Strom, Sean Hennessy","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.S10-006","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2155-9880.S10-006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Antipsychotic drugs have been linked to QT-interval prolongation, a presumed marker of cardiac risk, and torsade de pointes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the associations between antipsychotics and 1) outpatient-originated sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia (SD/VA) and 2) all-cause death.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Two retrospective cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Medicaid programs of California, Florida, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Incident antipsychotic users aged 30-75 years.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>1) Incident, first-listed emergency department or principal inpatient SD/VA diagnoses; and 2) death reported in the Social Security Administration Death Master File.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 459,614 incident antipsychotic users, the incidences of SD/VA and death were 3.4 and 35.1 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Compared to olanzapine as the referent, adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for SD/VA were 2.06 (95% CI, 1.20-3.53) for chlorpromazine, 1.72 (1.28-2.31) for haloperidol, and 0.73 (0.57-0.93) for quetiapine. Adjusted HRs for perphenazine and risperidone were consistent with unity. In a subanalysis limited to first prescription exposures, HRs for chlorpromazine and haloperidol were further elevated (2.54 [1.07-5.99] and 2.68 [1.59-4.53], respectively), with the latter exhibiting a dose-response relationship. Results for death were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Haloperidol and chlorpromazine had less favorable cardiac safety profiles than olanzapine. Among atypical agents, risperidone had a similar cardiac safety profile to olanzapine, whereas quetiapine was associated with 30% and 20% lower risks of SD/VA and death, respectively, compared to olanzapine. These measured risks do not correlate well with average QT prolongation, further supporting the notion that average QT prolongation may be a poor surrogate of antipsychotic arrhythmogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"Suppl 10 6","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3767168/pdf/nihms506291.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31725381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sirtuin System: The Holy Grail of Resveratrol?","authors":"Dilbahar S Mohar,&nbsp;Shaista Malik","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oxidative stress theory has been associated with atherosclerosis and has prompted a multitude of studies to evaluate the effects of antioxidants on cardiovascular disease prevention. Resveratrol, a relatively new antioxidant has gained considerable curiosity. This polyphenol stilbene identified in grape skin, is believed to be the main component contributing to the anti-atherosclerotic benefits linked to red wine consumption. It has demonstrated the ability to protect endothelial cells from lipid damage, promote vasodilation via modulation of nitric oxide synthesis, and inhibit platelet aggregation and smooth muscle proliferation. Although the complete mechanism of Resveratrol has yet to be fully elucidated, the Sirtuin system, consisting of 7 highly conserved families of regulator genes, are thought to be instrumental in establishing the various health benefits. In this article we assess the current applications, mechanism, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and safety profile of the novel antioxidant Resveratrol and provide an in-depth review of the influence of the Sirtuin system on the Resveratrol mechanism of action. We resolve that while early data on Resveratrol are promising, the anti-oxidative and ultimately, anti-atherosclerotic potential depends on further clarification of the intricate and complex relationship between Resveratrol and the Sirtruin system.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"3 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9880.1000216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40247323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Characterization, and Spatial Distribution of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in the Sheep Heart.","authors":"Xuwei Hou,&nbsp;Nancy Appleby,&nbsp;Tania Fuentes,&nbsp;Lawrence D Longo,&nbsp;Leonard L Bailey,&nbsp;Nahidh Hasaniya,&nbsp;Mary Kearns-Jonker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Laboratory large animal models are important for establishing the efficacy of stem cell therapies that may be translated into clinical use. The similarity of ovine and human cardiovascular systems provides an opportunity to use the sheep as a large animal model in which to optimize cell-based treatments for the heart. Recent clinical trials in humans using endogenous cardiovascular progenitor cells report significant improvement in cardiac function following stem cell-based therapy. To date, however, endogenous cardiovascular progenitor cells have not been isolated from the sheep heart.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cardiovascular cells expressing SSEA-4, CD105 and c-kit were isolated by flow cytometry and cloned from the right atrium of neonatal sheep. The expression of GATA-4, c-kit, and Isl1 was identified by PCR in the cloned cells. Immunohistochemical staining was used to compare the number of SSEA-4 positive cells in the right auricle, right atrium, left ventricle and the apex of the heart of fetal, neonatal and adult sheep. The number of SSEA4+cells was also compared in fetal, pregnant and non-pregnant adult sheep.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four distinct cardiac progenitor cell sub-populations were identified in sheep, including CD105+SSEA-4+c-kit+Isl1+GATA-4+cells, CD105+SSEA-4+c-kit+Isl1+GATA-4-cells, CD105+SSEA-4-c-kit-Isl1+GATA-4-cells, and CD105+SSEA-4-c-kit+Isl1+GATA-4-cells. Immunohistochemical staining for SSEA-4 showed that labeled cells were most abundant in the right atrium of fetal hearts where niches of progenitor cells could be identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We determined the phenotype and distribution of cardiac progenitor cells in the sheep heart. The availability of cloned endogenous cardiac progenitor cells from sheep will provide a valuable resource for optimizing the conditions for cardiac repair in the ovine model.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"S6 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3607208/pdf/nihms-428771.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40234407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory T cells and Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Jahaira Lopez Pastrana,&nbsp;Xiaojin Sha,&nbsp;Anthony Virtue,&nbsp;Jietang Mai,&nbsp;Ramon Cueto,&nbsp;In Ae Lee,&nbsp;Hong Wang,&nbsp;Xiao-Feng Yang","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.S12-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.S12-002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease. The involvement of both innate and adaptive immune responses in the pathogenesis of the disease has been well recognized. Tregs are an essential part of the immune system and have indispensable functions in maintaining immune system homeostasis, mediating peripheral tolerance, preventing autoimmune diseases, and suppressing inflammatory and proatherogenic immune response. Tregs carry out their immunosuppressive functions via several mechansims. One of the well-documented suppressive mechanisms of Tregs is the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35. Studies have found that IL-10 and TGF-β have atheroprotective properties. In addition, Tregs can suppress the activity of proatherogenic effector T cells, suggesting an atheroprotective role. In fact, fewer Tregs are found in atherogenic <i>ApoE</i>-/- mice comparing to wild-type mice, suggesting an uncontrolled balance between weakened Tregs and effector T cells in atherogenesis. Some clinical studies of autoimmune diseases also suggest that decreased Tregs numbers are associated with increased disease activity. The importance of Tregs in many autoimmune diseases and experimental atherosclerosis has been established in <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> studies. However, the roles of Tregs in atherosclerosis in the clinical setting remains to be further characterized.</p>","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"2012 Suppl 12","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9880.S12-002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31700780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell-Based Therapies as an Adjunct to Revascularization in Experimental Atherosclerotic Reno Vascular Disease.","authors":"Alfonso Eirin,&nbsp;Behzad Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Lilach O Lerman","doi":"10.4172/2155-9880.1000e108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000e108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & experimental cardiology","volume":"3 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3851027/pdf/nihms-398283.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31939229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}