Bioscience trends最新文献

{"title":"Chinese multicenter expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: 2025 edition.","authors":"Sulai Liu, Jinqiong Jiang, Qian Jian, Yingbin Liu, Zhiyong Huang, Yongjun Chen, Chihua Fang, Zhaohui Tang, Lu Wang, Deyu Li, Fuyu Li, Shaoqiang Li, Xuemin Liu, Cuncai Zhou, Yamin Zheng, Heguang Huang, Chen Chen, Xu Chen, Bo Sun, Weimin Yi, Bingzhang Tian, Liansheng Gong, Wei Liu, Feizhou Huang, Jia Luo, Dongde Wu, Shuke Fei, Lixin Xiong, Caixi Tang, Shaojie Li, Yi Yu, Jushi Li, Biao Tang, Yongqing Yang, Xuzhao Gao, Xingguo Tan, Yu Liu, Wei Tang, Bo Jiang, Zhiming Wang, Huihuan Tang, Jinshu Wu, Chuang Peng","doi":"10.5582/bst.2025.01233","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2025.01233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hCCA) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial cells of the bile ducts, and it is characterized by an aggressive nature, complex surgical management, high mortality, and poor prognosis. Despite recent advances in surgical techniques, medical devices, and related technologies, there remains a pressing need to standardize diagnostic and therapeutic pathways to improve treatment outcomes and extend long-term patient survival. To better integrate and refine these standards, this consensus was reached through a national conference held in Changsha, Hunan Province, involving multidisciplinary experts from various regions across China. This collaborative effort, drawing from various medical facilities and academic organizations nationwide, resulted in the reaching of the \"Chinese Multicenter Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: 2025 Edition\" based on current clinical studies and over 40 years of clinical practice experience in managing hCCA. The consensus provides a comprehensive overview of hCCA, including its epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic and screening methods, pathological features, staging and classification systems, and various treatment modalities, while offering specific and actionable recommendations for clinical practice that highlight well-defined indications for surgical, local, and systemic therapies and that emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary approaches to both diagnostic and therapeutic workflows.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":"379-403"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A technological convergence in hepatobiliary oncology: Evolving roles of smart surgical systems.","authors":"Xuanci Bai, Runze Huang, Qinyu Liu, Xin Jin, Lu Wang, Wei Tang, Kenji Karako, Weiping Zhu","doi":"10.5582/bst.2025.01047","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2025.01047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains a major threat to human health, with the incidence of hepatobiliary tumors consistently high. Treatment methods for hepatobiliary tumors include surgical intervention, ablation, embolization, and pharmacological treatments, with surgery being a critical component of systemic treatment for patients with hepatobiliary tumors. Compared to other methods, surgery is the most effective way to remove tumors and improve survival rates, serving as the cornerstone of various treatment strategies. However, the large patient population sometimes burdens traditional surgical oncology. In recent years, rapidly advancing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, characterized by efficiency, precision, and personalization, align well with the treatment philosophy of oncologic surgery. Increasing studies have shown that AI-assisted surgical oncology outperforms traditional approaches in many aspects. This review, based on machine learning, neural networks, and other AI techniques, discusses the various applications of AI throughout the entire process of hepatobiliary tumor surgical treatment, including diagnostic assistance, surgical decision-making, intraoperative support, postoperative monitoring, risk assessment, and medical education. It offers new insights and directions for the integration and application of AI in oncologic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":"410-420"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human resources in long-term care for older adults in China: Challenges amid population aging.","authors":"Nadida Aximu, Bahegu Yimingniyazi, Dapeng Lin, Jiangtao Zhang, Mengxi Jiang, Yu Sun","doi":"10.5582/bst.2025.01155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2025.01155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Against the backdrop of accelerating global population aging, China is undergoing significant demographic shifts. Its population aged 60 and above has reached 264 million, projected to account for 40% of the total population by the mid-21st century, becoming a \"super-aging society\" and triggering a surge in long-term care demand. On the demand side, the overall ADL disability rate among middle-aged and older adults is 23.8% (35.4% organic), rising to 30.5% among those aged 80 and above; 17.8% have IADL impairments, and 36.44% of households with older adults are empty-nest. Combined with population aging, rising disability rates, the growth of empty-nest families, and heavy disease burdens, care demand continues to grow annually. On the supply side, 13 million caregivers are needed for disabled/semi-disabled older adults, with only ~1 million practitioners; traditional models focusing solely on basic daily assistance fail to meet diverse needs like mental health support and rehabilitation. To this end, this study aims to synthesize evidence on the structural challenges faced by China's geriatric care workforce. By analyzing demographic data, care demand indicators, and geriatric care models, it identifies core issues and proposes evidence-based strategies, with the purpose of improving the quality of life of older adults and strengthening development of professional geriatric care talent.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic strategies in traditional Chinese medicine for premature ovarian failure: Modulation of oxidative stress and autophagy-apoptosis via the AMPK/mTOR pathway.","authors":"Wenli Cao, Siling Liu, Leifang Zhang, Xiayan Fu, Haiyang Li, Feijun Ye, Jialu Bei, Chunzhi Ren, Yanping Ni, Jun Zhu, Ling Wang","doi":"10.5582/bst.2025.01193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2025.01193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Premature ovarian failure (POF), also referred to as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), is a multifactorial reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by amenorrhea, infertility, hypoestrogenism, and elevated gonadotropin levels before the age of 40. Emerging evidence links its pathogenesis to oxidative stress and dysregulation of the autophagy-apoptosis balance in ovarian cells. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) impairs mitochondrial function in oocytes, while aberrant autophagy and granulosa cell apoptosis accelerate the depletion of primordial follicles. The AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) pathway serves as a critical nexus between energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and cell survival. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with its multi-component and multi-target characteristics, has demonstrated unique advantages in modulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway to restore ovarian function. This review synthesizes recent findings on single herbs, classical formulas, and non-pharmacological therapies (acupuncture and moxibustion). Mechanistic studies have revealed that these interventions can activate AMPK, inhibit mTOR overactivation, enhance Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defenses, reduce ROS production, and rebalance autophagy and apoptosis via pathways such as PI3K/Akt and SIRT1/p53. By aligning stage-specific regulation of AMPK/mTOR signaling with the TCM principle of syndrome differentiation, this integrative approach provides theoretical guidance for precise, personalized treatment to optimize multi-target strategies for POF management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese expert consensus on the combined use of antiviral drugs for novel coronavirus infection.","authors":"Guangbin Chen, Jing Yuan, Yue Wei, Yanfen Wu, Qian Zhang, Xinru Li, Liang Fu, Yuan Gao, Yourou Zheng, Haixia Sun, Weizhen Weng, Jun Chen, Yutian Chong, Tao Wu, Gang Wu, Zuojiong Gong, Xilong Deng, Lin Mao, Chenghui Huang, Zhijun Qu, Bo Qin, Yongfang Jiang, Feng Lin, Bingliang Lin, Xi Liu, Kaijin Xu, Jie Peng, Zhuguo Wu, Chunsha Liu, Wen Li, Kun Qiao, Liuqing Yang, Chunxin Ye, Jia Huang, Yana Xu, Junhao Zhang, Yehong Sun, Xiaomei Lai, Bin Liu, Wenjing Qian, Xiongfang Li, HaiLin Yu, Xiaojuan Yang, Zhongjie Hu, Hongzhou Lu","doi":"10.5582/bst.2025.01244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2025.01244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The persistent mutation of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) not only remains a threat to human health but also continues to challenge existing antiviral therapeutic strategies. In current clinical practice, the resistance of novel coronavirus to antivirals, the rebound of viral load after treatment with drugs such as nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NTV/r), and the urgent need for rapid clearance of the virus in the management of critically and emergently ill patients suggest that the existing single-drug regimens may have limitations and that the intensity of suppression may be insufficient in some cases. In clinical practice, we have observed that a combination of antivirals with different mechanisms of action can result in better efficacy and not significantly increase adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For some immunosuppressed, post-transplantation, or other special patients in particular, such as those in whom COVID-19 nucleic acids tended not to be negative after conventional treatment, when virus clearance is still the main goal, the combination of small-molecule antivirals can help to clear the virus as early as possible and attempt to improve the success rate of salvage. Based on evidence-based medicine and in light of the current situation of China, we assembled experts from disciplines such as infectious diseases, respiratory medicine, critical care medicine, and clinical pharmacy into a group to carry out a systematic literature search and identify key issues and to put forward relevant recommendations to reach an Expert Consensus on Combined Use of Oral Small-molecule Antivirals to Treat COVID-19, which is intended to serve as a reference for clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert consensus on combination antiviral therapy for high-risk COVID-19 patients: A timely call to action.","authors":"Guangbin Chen, Hongzhou Lu","doi":"10.5582/bst.2025.01254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2025.01254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On May 5, 2023, the WHO declared that the COVID-19 pandemic no longer constitutes a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), but SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and evolve on a global scale. The WHO reported that COVID-19 still poses a threat to humanity, and especially in some areas with large numbers of infected people. For some high-risk COVID-19 patients, such as those with underlying conditions, elderly patients, patients who need long-term immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation, patients with immunosuppressive diseases, patients who tend not to test negative for SARS-CoV-2 despite standard antiviral therapy, and cancer patients, special attention is still required after infection with SARS-CoV-2. How to clear SARS-CoV-2 in a timely manner is the key to treating such patients. Based on the demands of clinical practice and medical evidence, the National Center for Infectious Diseases of China assembled experts from relevant disciplines to reach the Chinese expert consensus on the combined use of antivirals to treat COVID-19, providing timely suggestions to resolve the medication issues that have been plaguing clinical practice. The consensus suggests that for special patients, combined medication can promptly eliminate the virus without increasing the risk to patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APOE4 reprograms microglial lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.","authors":"Jiajie Chen, Shuoyan Zhao, Yingying Zhou, Luyao Wang, Qin Chen, Kai Zheng","doi":"10.5582/bst.2025.01148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2025.01148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele, the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), induces cell-type-specific disturbances in brain lipid metabolism. Although impacting astrocytes and neurons, its most pronounced effects occur in microglia, where it causes energy metabolism deficits and promotes the formation of lipid droplet-accumulating microglia, triggering a cascade of neurodegenerative responses. This review comprehensively examines how microglial APOE4-driven lipid metabolic dysregulation exacerbates neuroinflammation and compromises phagocytic capacity, particularly in the clearance of amyloid-β, phosphorylated-tau, and pathological synapses. Mechanistically, microglial APOE4 activates neuroinflammation via LilrB3-mediated type I interferon signaling and induces lipid metabolic imbalance through PU.1/NF-κB-driven transcriptional reprogramming and ER stress-SREBP2 activation. These disturbances exacerbate neuroinflammation, promote lipid droplet accumulation and cholesterol overload, impair lysosomal function, and ultimately compromise microglial phagocytosis. The resulting disruption of neuron-microglia interactions further amplifies neurotoxicity in AD. Furthermore, this review summarizes emerging therapeutic strategies targeting APOE4-related pathway in microglia. By synthesizing these insights, this review highlights the multifaceted role of microglial APOE4 in AD pathology, with particular emphasis on the central role of lipid metabolism dysregulation, and provides new intervention ideas for reducing its damage to brain function.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual community-based care innovations in a super-aged population: The role of Small-scale Multifunctional In-home Care and Nursing Small-scale Multifunctional In-home Care in Japan.","authors":"Yi Deng, Katsuya Yamauchi, Kenji Karako, Peipei Song","doi":"10.5582/bst.2025.01217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2025.01217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the accelerating trend of population aging, Japan has become the first country to enter a \"super-aged society\", where the proportion of people age 65 and over exceeds 21%, making it a global model in addressing aging-related challenges. In response to the various social and healthcare issues arising from this demographic shift, the Japanese Government has implemented a series of policy measures. Among them, \"Small-scale Multifunctional In-home Care (Shotaki)\" and \"Nursing Small-scale Multifunctional In-home Care (Kantaki)\" have emerged as key components of the community-based care system. This paper explores the common challenges faced in super-aged populations and provides a comparative analysis of the functions, current status, existing issues, and future prospects of \"Shotaki\" and \"Kantaki\". By examining these two service models, the study aims to offer policy recommendations and practical insights to build a sustainable elderly care system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The medical metaverse in China: Current applications and future prospects.","authors":"Qian Xing, Yuyan Fu, Peipei Song, Jiangjiang He","doi":"10.5582/bst.2025.01209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2025.01209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The medical metaverse, with its potential for efficient care delivery, improved patient outcomes, and reduced healthcare costs, is profoundly impacting global healthcare systems. Scholars researching this topic primarily focus on exploring specific scenarios for its use. This article aims to analyze the development trajectory, potential applications, and directions for management optimization within the medical metaverse. Through a case study of China, we review the current status of use of the medical metaverse and systematically examine its future prospects and challenges. We contend that the medical metaverse offers significant value in enabling equitable distribution of healthcare resources, enhancing medical care efficiency, promoting the integration of medical education, research, and clinical practice, and assisting in public health management. To ensure sustainable development, however, the imperative task is to proactively devise technical standards and legal regulatory frameworks and to dynamically monitor the effectiveness of medical metaverse technologies, with the ultimate aim of maximizing the value of the medical metaverse.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosome-based liquid biopsy: A new frontier in early cancer diagnosis.","authors":"Jiale Li, Ying Xia, Jun Peng, Zigui Chen","doi":"10.5582/bst.2025.01142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2025.01142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early-stage diagnosis offers the greatest survival advantage in oncology, and yet conventional liquid-biopsy markers - circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) - depend on cell death or mechanical shedding and therefore appear late in disease progression. Exosomes, 40-160 nm lipid-bilayer vesicles secreted by viable cells, emerge earlier, outnumber CTCs by several orders of magnitude, and preserve multi-omic cargo that mirrors intratumor heterogeneity. Rapid advances in enabling technologies are driving continual breakthroughs in exosome-based liquid biopsy, laying a solid foundation for its accelerated translation into clinical practice. Key hurdles remain: standardizing exosome isolation, defining quantitative cut-offs that separate malignant from inflammatory EV surges, and building probabilistic multi-omic models to pinpoint tissue origin. Eliminating these obstacles could advance detection by months and shift care from late salvage to true early interception.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}