Bioscience trends最新文献

{"title":"Neurosurgical perioperative management of frail elderly patients.","authors":"Xiqi Hu,&nbsp;Yanan Ma,&nbsp;Xuemei Jiang,&nbsp;Wei Tang,&nbsp;Ying Xia,&nbsp;Peipei Song","doi":"10.5582/bst.2023.01208","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2023.01208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid increase in global aging, the prevalence of frailty is increasing and frailty has emerged as an emerging public health burden. Frail elderly patients suffer from reduced homeostatic reserve capacity, which is associated with a disproportionate decline in physical status after exposure to stress and an increased risk of adverse events. Frailty is closely associated with changes in the volume of the white and gray matter of the brain. Sarcopenia has been suggested to be an important component of frailty, and reductions in muscle strength and muscle mass lead to reductions in physical function and independence, which are critical factors contributing to poor prognosis. Approximately 10-32% of patients undergoing neurological surgery are frail, and the risk of frailty increases with age, which is significantly associated with the occurrence of adverse postoperative events (major complications, total duration of hospitalization, and need for discharge to a nursing facility). The postoperative mortality rate in severely frail patients is 9-11 times higher than that in non-frail individuals. Therefore, due attention must be paid to neurosurgical frailty and muscle assessment in elderly patients. Specialized interventions in the perioperative period of neurosurgery in frail elderly patients may improve their postoperative prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":"17 4","pages":"271-282"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10668349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between sarcopenia with incident cardio-cerebrovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Miao Fang,&nbsp;Chunhua Liu,&nbsp;Yuan Liu,&nbsp;Guo Tang,&nbsp;Chunling Li,&nbsp;Lei Guo","doi":"10.5582/bst.2023.01130","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2023.01130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcopenia is an age-associated skeletal muscle disease characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and function. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the associations between sarcopenia and cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD). A comprehensive search of the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted from their inception to April 1^st, 2023. A total of eight cross-sectional studies involving 63,738,162 participants met the inclusion criteria. Pooled estimates of odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using random-effects models. The findings demonstrated a significant association between sarcopenia and an increased risk of CCVD (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.50, I² = 1%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated that sarcopenia was associated with a 1.67-fold increase in the risk of stroke and a 1.31-fold increase in the risk of CVD. Four studies included in this review examined the association between sarcopenic obesity and the risk of CCVD, and the results revealed that sarcopenic obesity was associated with a higher risk of CCVD (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.08 - 2.49, I² = 69%; p < 0.001). Meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses consistently supported the robustness of the overall findings. In conclusion, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are significantly associated with an elevated risk of developing CCVD. However, further prospective cohort studies are warranted to validate this relationship while controlling for confounding factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":"17 4","pages":"293-301"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10303672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The framework for modern community medicine in Japan.","authors":"Kazuhiko Kotani","doi":"10.5582/bst.2023.01199","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2023.01199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Along with the transition to depopulation and an aging society in Japan, the modification of community medicine and its related systems is required. With this in mind, the Japanese government has recently advocated two major plans: 'Community Healthcare Vision' and 'Community-based Integrated Care System'. This paper proposes a theoretical framework to understand modern community medicine based on the ongoing government plans. The key viewpoints consisting of the framework are 'community and/or region', 'care systematization,' and 'coworking with residents (citizens)'. This is expected to be useful for capturing and monitoring the whole picture of modern community medicine in Japan. Such modeling might aid in the future development of medicine and medical science, as in other developed countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":"17 4","pages":"322-324"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10304441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An expanded view of infertility: The challenge of the changing profiling of major birth defects in China.","authors":"Zhongzhong Chen,&nbsp;Yanlin Wang,&nbsp;Fuying Lan,&nbsp;Shen Li,&nbsp;Jianhua Wang","doi":"10.5582/bst.2023.01160","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2023.01160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past two decades, China has experienced a significant decline in birth rates, accompanied by a decrease in fertility and changes in major congenital defects. The development of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has brought hope to individuals facing infertility. However, some issues related to reproductive health and congenital defects have arisen. The reasons for the changing profiling of birth defects and the relationship between the decline in fertility and ART need to be further investigated. Lifestyle factors such as nutritional supplementation need to be altered to protect reproductive capacity. Birth defects, such as congenital heart defects and hypospadias, may serve as a signal for understanding the decline in fertility. To improve fertility, the factors contributing to it need to be identified, vital genetic and medical technologies need to be introduced, and environmental interventions, such as nutritional changes, need to be implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":"17 4","pages":"318-321"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10301415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alzheimer's disease with frailty: Prevalence, screening, assessment, intervention strategies and challenges.","authors":"Yi Deng,&nbsp;Haiyin Wang,&nbsp;Kaicheng Gu,&nbsp;Peipei Song","doi":"10.5582/bst.2023.01211","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2023.01211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions worldwide and is expected to surge in prevalence due to aging populations. Frailty, characterized by muscle function decline, becomes more prevalent with age, imposing substantial burdens on patients and caregivers. This paper aimed to comprehensively review the current literature on AD coupled with frailty, encompassing prevalence, screening, assessment, and treatment while delving into the field's challenges and future trajectories. Frailty and AD coexist in more than 30% of cases, with hazard ratios above 120% indicating a mutually detrimental association.Various screening tools have emerged for both frailty and AD, including the Fried Frailty Phenotype (FP), FRAIL scale, Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG). However, none has solidified its role as the definitive gold standard. The convergence of electronic health records and brain aging biomarkers heralds a new era in AD with frailty screening and assessment. In terms of intervention, non-pharmacological strategies spanning nutrition, horticulture, exercise, and social interaction, along with pharmacological approaches involving acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, and anti-amyloid beta-protein medications, constituted cornerstones for treating AD coupled with frailty. Technological interventions like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) also entered the fold. Notably, multi-domain non-pharmacological interventions wield considerable potential in enhancing cognition and mitigating disability. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions necessitate further validation. Diagnosing and managing AD with frailty present several daunting challenges, encompassing low rates of early co-diagnosis, limited clinical trial evidence, and scarce integrated, pioneering service delivery models. These challenges demand heightened attention through robust research and pragmatic implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":"17 4","pages":"283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10668303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy aging, early screening, and interventions for frailty in the elderly.","authors":"Yi Deng,&nbsp;Keming Zhang,&nbsp;Jiali Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Hu,&nbsp;Rui Liao","doi":"10.5582/bst.2023.01204","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2023.01204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the intensification of population aging worldwide, the health problems of the elderly have become a particular concern. Functional disability is a prominent problem in the aging of this population, resulting in the decreased quality of life of senile people. Risk factors for functional disability in the elderly include geriatric syndromes and the associated diseases such as frailty. The influence of frailty on the health of the elderly has been a hot topic in recent years. As a dynamic and reversible geriatric syndrome, it has become one of the important public health problems emerging around the world. Frailty lies between self-reliance and the need for care and is reversible. Reasonable preventive interventions can restore the elderly to an independent life. If no interventions are implemented, the elderly will face a dilemma. There is no gold standard for frailty screening around the world. In order to alleviate frailty in the elderly, many countries have conducted early screening for frailty, mainly focusing on nutrition, physical activity, and social participation, in order to detect and prevent frailty earlier and to reduce the incidence of frailty. This topic provides an overview of the current status of frailty, early screening for frailty, and the interventions for frailty in most countries of the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":"17 4","pages":"252-261"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10668304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geriatric syndromes, chronic inflammation, and advances in the management of frailty: A review with new insights.","authors":"Niuniu Li,&nbsp;Gaolin Liu,&nbsp;Hong Gao,&nbsp;Qiang Wu,&nbsp;Juan Meng,&nbsp;Fei Wang,&nbsp;Siwei Jiang,&nbsp;Meixia Chen,&nbsp;Wenhui Xu,&nbsp;Yifan Zhang,&nbsp;Yanjun Wang,&nbsp;Yingqian Feng,&nbsp;Juncai Liu,&nbsp;Cheng Xu,&nbsp;Hongzhou Lu","doi":"10.5582/bst.2023.01184","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2023.01184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As people age, geriatric syndromes characterized by frailty significantly impact both clinical practice and public health. Aging weakens people's immune functions, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation that ultimately contributes to the development of frailty. Effectively managing geriatric syndromes and frailty can help alleviate the economic burden of an aging population. This review delves into the intricate relationship among aging, infection-induced inflammation, chronic inflammation, and frailty. In addition, it analyzes various approaches and interventions to address frailty, such as smart rehabilitation programs and stem-cell treatments, offering promising solutions in this new era. Given the importance of this topic, further research into the mechanisms of frailty is crucial. Equally essential is the devising of relevant measures to delay its onset and the formulation of comprehensive clinical, research, and public health strategies to enhance the quality of life for elderly individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":"17 4","pages":"262-270"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10668309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of sarcopenia on S1 adjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients.","authors":"Kumi Takagi, Yosuke Inoue, Atsushi Oba, Yoshihiro Ono, Takafumi Sato, Hiromichi Ito, Yoko Saino, Akio Saiura, Yu Takahashi","doi":"10.5582/bst.2023.01209","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2023.01209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the importance of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) has been recognized in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients, there are few studies to address the underlying mechanisms of failure to complete AC. This study aims to investigate the relationship between nutritional state represented by sarcopenia and failure to complete AC in patients after curative-intent surgery for PC. This study included 110 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for potentially resectable pancreatic cancers with intention of adjuvant S-1. Sarcopenia was defined using the psoas muscle mass index with cutoff values of 6.36 cm²/m² for men and 3.92 cm²/m² for women, which were calculated with a 3-D volumetric software. The relation between sarcopenia and successful AC and long-term survival were investigated. Twenty-nine (26%) patients were diagnosed as having sarcopenia (Sarcopenia group). Sarcopenia group comprised significantly older patients than Non-sarcopenia group (72 vs. 67 years old, p = 0.0087). AC was successfully completed in 14 patients (48%) in Sarcopenia group compared to 72 patients (89%) in Non-sarcopenia group (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis identified age ≥ 70 years and sarcopenia as significant risk factors for failure of AC. Among patients ≥ 70 years old, rate of successful AC was significantly higher in sarcopenia groups than non-sarcopenia group (17% vs. 78%, p < 0.001). In conclusions, age and sarcopenia were critical risk factors for the failure of 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. Among elderly patients, sarcopenia can predict the poor success rate of AC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":"17 4","pages":"310-317"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10668837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in deep learning: From diagnosis to treatment.","authors":"Tianqi Huang,&nbsp;Longfei Ma,&nbsp;Boyu Zhang,&nbsp;Hongen Liao","doi":"10.5582/bst.2023.01148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2023.01148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep learning has brought about a revolution in the field of medical diagnosis and treatment. The use of deep learning in healthcare has grown exponentially in recent years, achieving physician-level accuracy in various diagnostic tasks and supporting applications such as electronic health records and clinical voice assistants. The emergence of medical foundation models, as a new approach to deep learning, has greatly improved the reasoning ability of machines. Characterized by large training datasets, context awareness, and multi-domain applications, medical foundation models can integrate various forms of medical data to provide user-friendly outputs based on a patien's information. Medical foundation models have the potential to integrate current diagnostic and treatment systems, providing the ability to understand multi-modal diagnostic information and real-time reasoning ability in complex surgical scenarios. Future research on foundation model-based deep learning methods will focus more on the collaboration between physicians and machines. On the one hand, developing new deep learning methods will reduce the repetitive labor of physicians and compensate for shortcomings in their diagnostic and treatment capabilities. On the other hand, physicians need to embrace new deep learning technologies, comprehend the principles and technical risks of deep learning methods, and master the procedures for integrating them into clinical practice. Ultimately, the integration of artificial intelligence analysis with human decision-making will facilitate accurate personalized medical care and enhance the efficiency of physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":"17 3","pages":"190-192"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9856781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EMG-FRNet: A feature reconstruction network for EMG irrelevant gesture recognition.","authors":"Wenli Zhang,&nbsp;Yufei Wang,&nbsp;Jianyi Zhang,&nbsp;Gongpeng Pang","doi":"10.5582/bst.2023.01116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2023.01116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the development of deep learning technology, gesture recognition based on surface electromyography (EMG) signals has shown broad application prospects in various human-computer interaction fields. Most current gesture recognition technologies can achieve high recognition accuracy on a wide range of gesture actions. However, in practical applications, gesture recognition based on surface EMG signals is susceptible to interference from irrelevant gesture movements, which affects the accuracy and security of the system. Therefore, it is crucial to design an irrelevant gesture recognition method. This paper introduces the GANomaly network from the field of image anomaly detection into surface EMG-based irrelevant gesture recognition. The network has a small feature reconstruction error for target samples and a large feature reconstruction error for irrelevant samples. By comparing the relationship between the feature reconstruction error and the predefined threshold, we can determine whether the input samples are from the target category or the irrelevant category. In order to improve the performance of EMG irrelevant gesture recognition, this paper proposes a feature reconstruction network named EMG-FRNet for EMG irrelevant gesture recognition. This network is based on GANomaly and incorporates structures such as channel cropping (CC), cross-layer encoding-decoding feature fusion (CLEDFF), and SE channel attention (SE). In this paper, Ninapro DB1, Ninapro DB5 and self-collected datasets were used to verify the performance of the proposed model. The Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve (AUC) values of EMG-FRNet on the above three datasets were 0.940, 0.926 and 0.962, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves the highest accuracy among related research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":"17 3","pages":"219-229"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9856784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}