Bioscience trends最新文献

{"title":"Plague in the modern world: Ecological persistence, epidemic containment, and the limits of public health preparedness.","authors":"Liqin Sun, Haipeng Zhu, Qingsong Qi, Jin Li, Meina Tian, Fuxiang Wang, Jean-Pierre Routy, Jiaye Liu, Hongzhou Lu","doi":"10.5582/bst.2026.01267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2026.01267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yersinia pestis persists across sylvatic rodent-flea reservoirs globally and is not currently amenable to eradication. Paleogenomic and paleoecological evidence indicates that historical plague pandemics reflected complex interactions among pathogen biology, environmental conditions, and societal vulnerabilities rather than pathogen virulence alone. Drawing a qualified epidemiological comparison to cholera, contemporary public health interventions show that effective disease control does not necessarily require eliminating a pathogen from its natural reservoirs; for plague, modern clinical and public health measures have substantially decoupled zoonotic spillovers from pandemic amplification. Whereas cholera control relies predominantly on water and sanitation barriers alongside clinical, vaccination, and surveillance programs, plague containment depends primarily on zoonotic monitoring, rapid diagnosis, early antimicrobial therapy, and contact management. The October 2026 unexplained fatal pneumonia in a Russian anti-plague laboratory worker illustrates both the capacity and the limitations of outbreak surveillance when targeted assays reported by national authorities are negative but etiology remains unresolved. With 97.7% of the 2646 confirmed human cases reported globally during 2019-2025 concentrated in two endemic countries, sustaining containment requires addressing healthcare inequities, maintaining clinical vigilance, monitoring antimicrobial resistance, and enforcing rigorous biosafety.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149285109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A lifetime with RNA: John J. Rossi and the questions that science revisits.","authors":"Wei Tang, Yoko Fujita-Yamaguchi","doi":"10.5582/bst.2026.01271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2026.01271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dr. John J. Rossi's scientific career has unfolded alongside the transformation of RNA from a biological intermediary into a programmable therapeutic modality. Beginning with catalytic RNA and anti-HIV ribozymes, his work progressed through RNA interference, expressed siRNA and shRNA, combinatorial RNA gene therapy, and aptamer-guided delivery. This Editorial uses that trajectory to examine a broader feature of modern biomedicine: discovery and delivery must advance together, and scientific progress often depends on returning to unexplained observations with better tools. Rossi's roles at City of Hope and in building the oligonucleotide therapeutics community further show that continuity is sustained not only by experiments, but also by institutions, mentorship, and collaboration. His 2026 reflection on revisiting long-standing biological questions therefore offers a timely vantage on a career spent expanding what RNA can do. The resulting history links changing concepts of RNA with persistent questions of specificity, control, delivery, safety, and clinical translation across biomedicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149285073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Chinese medicine for diabetic lower extremity arterial disease: A review of recent advances.","authors":"Fanghua Qi, Pingping Cai, Lin Zhao, Mo Wang","doi":"10.5582/bst.2026.01256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2026.01256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is a prevalent macrovascular complication of diabetes and a critical pathological foundation for diabetic foot lesions. Its pathogenesis involves glycolipid metabolic disturbance, excessive oxidative stress, persistent vascular inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, leading to limb ischemia, refractory foot ulcers, and increased amputation risk. Current standard treatments, including glycemic and lipid control, antiplatelet therapy, and endovascular revascularization, have improved clinical outcomes but still face challenges in fully ameliorating microcirculatory impairment and preventing long-term restenosis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) exerts multi-component and multi-target protective effects against diabetic LEAD. This review summarizes pharmacological advances in representative TCM agents, including Salvia miltiorrhiza, Astragali Radix, and their bioactive constituents (e.g., tanshinone IIA sulfonate, salvianolic acid B, astragaloside IV, and Astragalus polysaccharide), as well as classical formulas and patent medicines such as Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction, Tongxinluo capsule, Tangbi capsule, and Danggui Sini Decoction. Their mechanisms involve protecting vascular endothelium, regulating glycolipid metabolism, suppressing vascular inflammation via NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways, and activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense, HIF-1α/VEGF, PI3K-AKT, and Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling to restore microcirculation and promote angiogenesis. Clinically, TCM-assisted endovascular intervention reduces postoperative restenosis and improves lower-limb perfusion; external preparations promote diabetic foot ulcer healing; acupuncture, moxibustion, and mind-body exercises improve microcirculation and long-term management. TCM is a promising adjunctive strategy for diabetic LEAD, and further mechanistic and clinical studies are needed to advance its standardized application and improve patient prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149236805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matching clinical claims to evidence for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine.","authors":"Kenji Karako","doi":"10.5582/bst.2026.01255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2026.01255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Technical performance alone does not establish the clinical value of artificial intelligence (AI). Clinical studies can reveal favorable expert ratings, limited clinician engagement, and uncertain effects on patient outcomes within the same intervention. We present an editorial synthesis with six complementary evidence domains: technical performance, external validity, human-AI interaction, workflow integration, clinical utility and outcomes, and lifecycle performance. These domains identify the questions addressed by a study. Each claim should be assessed with respect to study design, risk of bias, performance or effect estimates, uncertainty, and the evaluated setting. Intended use, autonomy, and potential harm determine the evidence required across domains. Journals should distinguish improvements in intermediate measures from demonstrated patient or health-system benefits and require reassessment when changes potentially invalidate earlier findings. The framework supports evaluation of AI-enabled care as delivered in a clinical system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149236767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selectivity-aware dual-target cholinesterase optimization using a novel model SPaR-GNN.","authors":"Bocheng Zhang, Shaobo Bian, Yahui Liu, Kenji Karako","doi":"10.5582/bst.2026.01254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2026.01254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We developed SPaR-GNN (Selectivity Pair-aware Ranking Graph Neural Network), a multitask molecular learning framework for dual-target cholinesterase optimization. SPaR-GNN jointly predicts acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity, and molecular selectivity while incorporating explicit pair-aware supervision from structurally similar analogs and selectivity-cliff pairs. In addition, we integrated SPaR-GNN into a goal-driven molecular optimization workflow for candidate generation and prioritization. Experimental results showed that SPaR-GNN performed satisfactorily in selectivity-oriented prediction, and particularly in local analog ranking and direction-aware pair-sensitive benchmarks. The optimization framework further demonstrated that template-based candidate generation combined with SPaR-GNN scoring can be used to prioritize candidate molecules according to predefined dual-target optimization objectives. Together, these results demonstrate that SPaR-GNN provides an effective and traceable computational framework for dual-target cholinesterase inhibitor discovery and optimization in Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149236774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spatiotemporal ecosystem of gallbladder cancer: From inflamed areas to invasive margins - Integrating biomechanical injury, the bile microenvironment, precursor lineages, and spatial niches.","authors":"Qingyang Meng, Houbao Liu","doi":"10.5582/bst.2026.01237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2026.01237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is usually described as the end point of chronic cholelithiasis-associated inflammation, and yet this linear formulation does not explain why only a small fraction of people with gallstones develop cancer, why histologically similar precursor lesions follow different evolutionary routes, or why invasion preferentially advances through anatomically and immunologically distinct interfaces. We propose a spatiotemporal ecosystem model that links five domains: gallstones and reflux as precipitating conditions; bile as a chemically active habitat; resident or transient microorganisms as context-dependent modifiers; metaplastic, biliary intraepithelial and intracholecystic precursor lineages as alternative epithelial trajectories; and stromal-immune niches that select for invasive phenotypes. Evidence from epidemiology, pathology, genomics, organoid and animal models, single-cell sequencing, and spatial profiling is integrated while preserving distinctions between association, mechanism, and clinical prediction. The strongest causal chain currently links prolonged mechanical or reflux injury with cycles of epithelial loss and repair, metaplastic or dysplastic changes, and acquisition of driver alterations. Microbial findings are biologically plausible and increasingly supported by functional Salmonella studies, but most human biliary microbiome datasets remain small and vulnerable to low-biomass contamination and treatment-related confounding. Precursor studies substantiate the existence of both BilIN progression in affected areas and alternative polypoid or BilIN-independent routes, arguing against a single obligatory sequence. Recent single-cell and spatial studies have identified organized, region-specific interactions among malignant epithelial states, macrophages, exhausted CD8 T cells, neutrophils, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, hepatocytes, and nerves at invasive margins. Liver-facing, serosal, perineural, lymphovascular, and nodal interfaces should not be assumed to share one ecology. These data shift the central question from which mutation is present to where a clone resides, which neighboring cells sustain it, and when the niche becomes permissive. The model suggests testable priorities: longitudinal sampling of high-risk gallbladders, paired bile-mucosa profiling with rigorous controls, lineage-resolved multi-section spatial analysis, and boundary-aware biomarkers validated in prospective cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of dynamic therapeutic opportunity in hepatocellular carcinoma: Preserving liver function and enabling treatment transitions.","authors":"Jiwei Huang, Mingheng Liao, Wei Tang","doi":"10.5582/bst.2026.01219","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2026.01219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is governed by malignant progression and deterioration of the organ in which the cancer arises. Modern management has therefore outgrown static stage-to-treatment allocation. We define dynamic therapeutic opportunity as the time-varying set of clinically credible treatment options available to an individual patient, determined by hepatic reserve, oncological tractability, physiological reserve, prior therapeutic exposure, patient goals, and real-world deliverability. This framework does not replace validated staging systems or liver-function scores; it asks how each intervention changes the circumstances under which the next decision will be made. Evidence for curative-intent conversion remains dominated by selected cohorts, although the interim results of the randomized TALENTop trial provide the first prospective comparative signal supporting resection in a narrowly defined post-induction population. We review liver-sparing surgery, locoregional-systemic integration, conversion therapy, and modifiers such as frailty and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. We then propose a trial architecture that complements tumor endpoints with hepatic decompensation, sustained ALBI deterioration, subsequent-treatment access, curative-intent transition, functional independence, and patient-reported outcomes. Modern HCC management should evaluate not only whether an intervention controls the present tumor but also whether it preserves, expands, or eliminates the patient's future set of clinically meaningful treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":"361-372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunometabolic reprogramming via GLP-1 receptor agonists in people with HIV: A multidimensional systemic framework.","authors":"Liqin Sun, Stephane Isnard, Haipeng Zhu, Jingyi Chen, Yun He, Hongzhou Lu, Jean-Pierre Routy","doi":"10.5582/bst.2026.01148","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2026.01148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV infection into a manageable chronic condition, but pathological weight gain, adipose dysfunction, and persistent inflammation are increasingly prevalent among aging people with HIV (PWH). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dual GIP/GLP-1 RAs have emerged as transformative therapies, although PWH were underrepresented in pivotal trials. This review integrates randomized trials, observational cohorts, pharmacogenomic studies, and emerging mechanistic evidence within a framework of GLP-1-mediated immunometabolic reprogramming. HIV-specific trials demonstrate reductions in visceral adiposity, body weight, inflammatory biomarkers, and liver fat. Exploratory or preliminary studies suggest possible effects on gut epithelial integrity, immune-cell trafficking, lymphoid pyroptosis, and DNA-methylation aging measures; however, several of these findings remain conference-level, preprint, or post hoc evidence and require prospective validation. We also examine lean-mass loss, weight regain after discontinuation, pharmacogenomic variation, drug access, and research priorities. Overall, GLP-1 RAs are promising components of cardiometabolic care for PWH, but immunologic, gerotherapeutic, and HIV-reservoir applications should currently be considered hypothesis-generating.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":"398-411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of current global guidelines and consensus on the management of patients with cholangiocarcinoma: A 2026 update.","authors":"Enyang He, Yulong Cai, Xianze Xiong, Rongxing Zhou, Fuyu Li, Nansheng Cheng","doi":"10.5582/bst.2026.01104","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2026.01104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive, molecularly heterogeneous biliary tract malignancy and the second most common primary liver cancer, and it has an increasing global incidence and persistently poor prognosis. Recent updates of international guidelines, including those from the NCCN, ESMO, EASL, CSCO, BSG, and Japanese societies, along with rapid advances in precision oncology, have substantially changed the clinical management of CCA. This review systematically compares current global guidelines, highlighting both areas of consensus and regional differences in epidemiology, risk factors, screening strategies, diagnostic approaches, pathological and molecular classification, staging systems, surgical indications, systemic therapy, and multidisciplinary management. This review also summarizes recent advances in molecular diagnostics, including next-generation sequencing, liquid biopsy, circulating tumor DNA, extracellular vesicles, artificial intelligence-assisted imaging, radiomics, and emerging prognostic biomarkers. The evolving roles of immune checkpoint inhibitors, molecularly targeted therapies against FGFR2, IDH1, HER2, BRAF, NTRK, and MSI-H/dMMR, liver transplantation, locoregional treatment, and conversion (translational) therapy are also discussed. Finally, this review addresses current challenges, including drug resistance, limited access to molecular testing, regional disparities in healthcare resources, and the lack of universally accepted screening strategies. By integrating updated guideline recommendations with the latest clinical evidence, this review provides a comprehensive reference for evidence-based clinical decision-making and future translational research in CCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":"348-360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRXL2B facilitates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus H101 through the PI3K/AKT/PD-L1 axis.","authors":"Ziqi Zhang, Hongli Chen, Yangming Liu, Hao Wang, You Yan, Yanxi Yu, Zuotian Huang, Yanyao Liu, Wei Li, Zhongjun Wu, Meiqing Kang, Xiaoyong Luo, Ping Che, Rui Liao","doi":"10.5582/bst.2026.01000","DOIUrl":"10.5582/bst.2026.01000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oncolytic adenovirus H101 has shown antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the molecular determinants of treatment response remain unclear. In this study, a Hepa1-6 subcutaneous tumor model was established in C57BL/6 mice and treated with intratumoral H101, followed by integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to identify candidate genes associated with H101 response. PRXL2B was selected for further investigation using public multi-omics datasets, tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry, in vitro functional assays, mechanistic analyses, and in vivo validation experiments. Integrated multi-omics analyses identified PRXL2B as a candidate gene downregulated after H101 treatment. Public datasets and tissue-based validation further showed that PRXL2B was upregulated in HCC tissues. In MHCC97H and HCCLM3 cells, PRXL2B knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, promoted apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, and enhanced the antitumor effect of H101. Mechanistically, PRXL2B silencing reduced AKT phosphorylation and PD-L1 expression. In vivo, PRXL2B knockdown suppressed tumor growth, and the combination of PRXL2B knockdown and H101 produced the strongest antitumor effect. These findings indicate that PRXL2B promotes malignant phenotypes in HCC and may modulate H101 efficacy through the PI3K/AKT/PD-L1 axis. Targeting PRXL2B may therefore represent a potential strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic virus therapy in HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8957,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience trends","volume":" ","pages":"412-424"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147979774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}