{"title":"A rare cause of pleural effusion","authors":"Jenny L. Bacon, Sasiharan Sithamparanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 35-year-old lady presented with left sided pleuritic chest pain. A chest radiograph revealed a small left pleural effusion. She had a ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt placed age 8, for spina bifida complicated by hydrocephalus, and was wheelchair bound but otherwise well. The pleural effusion grew asymptomatically but rapidly over the 3 days after admission to reach a complete white out of her left hemithorax. Preliminary investigations did not identify a cause for her pleural effusion but a CT scan revealed intrapleural tracking of her left VP shunt, ending intraperitoneal. Pleural fluid was positive for beta-2-transferrin, diagnostic for VP shunt leakage.</p><p>Thoracic complications of VP shunts, other causes of cerebrospinal fluid pleural leak and the underlying pathophysiology in this case are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89478,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine CME","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 124-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.01.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137088772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuri Karadurmus , İsmail Erturk , Mustafa Çakar , Battal Altun , Kenan Saglam , Fikret Arpaci
{"title":"A case report: Primary amiloidosis associated with immunoglobulin A type multiple myeloma","authors":"Nuri Karadurmus , İsmail Erturk , Mustafa Çakar , Battal Altun , Kenan Saglam , Fikret Arpaci","doi":"10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.11.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Primary (AL type) amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. The morbidity arises from extracellular deposition of immunoglobulin light chain (LC) fibrils in some organs such as the kidneys, heart and bowel. Primary amyloidosis and multiple myeloma both involve clonal plasma cell proliferation. Distinctive haematological and biochemical laboratory findings may help in early diagnosis. Here we present a 60-year-old man with an exceptional clinical course of an Ig A type multiple myeloma with generalized amyloidosis, causing nephrotic syndrome, complete intestinal colitis and malabsorbtion. Our comprehensive overview of this rare and often fatal disease aims to increase the awareness of AL type amyloidosis. This may facilitate earlier diagnosis and thus allow initiation of prompt and specific therapies, which are indispensable in order to improve disease prognosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89478,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine CME","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 131-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.11.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137088773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intracardiac thrombus in Behcet’s disease: A rare case in the United States","authors":"Swapna Gopathi , Ryan T. Hurt , Juan Guardiola","doi":"10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Behcet’s disease is a rare systemic disorder which is associated with an underlying vasculitis. Most cases of BD occur in Asia and North American cases are rare. Patients often present with aphthous ulcers and have a number of other clinical findings including genital lesions, skin lesions (folliculitis, erythema nodosum, and acne), and uveitis. Hemoptysis and cough in BD may be a sign of pulmonary involvement with include pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAA). Intracardiac thrombus is another rare occurrence in BD but should be suspected if there is a right heart mass detected on imaging. We present a case of suspected BD who presented with hemoptysis and was diagnosed with PAA and intracardiac thrombus. His aphthous ulcers were not diagnoses until subsequent hospitalization for hemoptysis. Clinicians should be aware of unusual presentations of BD because of the associated high mortality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89478,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine CME","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 154-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137226494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dharitri Goswami , Shantanu Das , Ashok Parida , Joy Sanyal
{"title":"Bronchial artery embolization: Managing ruptured pulmonary artery venous malformation – A case report","authors":"Dharitri Goswami , Shantanu Das , Ashok Parida , Joy Sanyal","doi":"10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A young 19 year old boy reported to the emergency with complaints of productive cough and mild haemoptysis over three days duration. Initial investigations were within normal limits. Symptoms suddenly aggravated and his condition deteriorated severely before further sophisticated investigations could be carried out. Urgent diagnostic bronchoscopy indicated it to be a case of spontaneously ruptured micro-vascular Pulmonary Arterio-Venous Malformation (PAVM) which was further confirmed on performing pulmonary angiography. Diameter of the feeding vessel was narrow causing difficulty in negotiating for coil embolotherapy. Occlusion of the bleeding artery was finally achieved by pushing in gel foam particles through the vessel. The boy recovered completely and remained asymptomatic one month after the intervention. PAVM is a relatively rare medical emergency where timely diagnosis and therapeutic embolization of the feeding vessel can be lifesaving as indicated in this case report.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89478,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine CME","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 160-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.04.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137226497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acute eosinophilic pneumonia associated with the inhalation of phosgene gas under the presence of cigarette smoking","authors":"Tsutomu Tamada , Masayuki Nara , Koji Murakami , Soshi Muramatsu , Masahito Ebina , Toshihiro Nukiwa","doi":"10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cigarette smoking has been thought to be a cause of some cases of acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). However, it is not understood why such patients do not show any apparent symptoms for several weeks from the beginning of smoking to the onset of the illness. Here, we describe a case of AEP that may suggest that an irritant like toxic gas may be necessary for the development of AEP under the presence of smoking habit. The diagnosis of AEP was made by close examinations including chest computed tomography, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and transbronchial lung biopsy. Even after the patient’s symptoms completely improved, both the total count of eosinophils and the concentration of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) in BALF were still elevated. A smoking provocation test revealed a tiny recurrence of ground-glass opacity in both lung fields, but he did not show any symptoms of AEP again. Concerning this case, it is suggested that cigarette smoking initiated the continuous eosinophil accumulation to the lungs and the inhalation of phosgene gas promoted the development of AEP. We suggest that not only cigarette smoking but also an additional irritant such as toxic gas might be necessary for the development of cigarette smoking-related AEP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89478,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine CME","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 96-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.05.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137401434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paragonimiasis: An unusual cause of Cor pulmonale; A case report","authors":"Chinwe J. Chukwuka , Cajetan C. Onyedum","doi":"10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the trematode Paragonimus. It follows ingestion of raw or improperly cooked or prickled crab and crayfish. Adult worms can survive for 20 years.</p><p>A 42-year-old rural dweller was seen at the chest unit with a three month history of cough, chest pain and haemoptysis and a ten week history of bilateral leg swelling. He recalled that his problem dated back to 18 years ago when he first had cough with rusty brown sputum and chest pain. He was treated for pulmonary tuberculosis even though sputum examination did not reveal any AAFB on two occasions. Further enquiries showed that he had enjoyed fishing and hunting for crabs in his adolescent years and ate the young crabs raw. Abnormal findings were mild central cyanosis, pitting leg and scrotal edema jugular venous pulsation was elevated with tender hepatomegaly. Sputum for ova of paragonimiasis which was positive. Packed cell volume was 55%, ESR of 15 mm in the 1st hour. Chest radiograph: patchy opacities, tubular shadowing and prominent pulmonary conus. Echocardiography showed dilated right atrium and ventricle without septal and valvular lesions. Sputum AAFB, A diagnosis of Cor pulmonale due to Paragonimiasis was made and patient treated with Praziquantel.</p><p>The patient improved markedly and repeated X-ray showed some improvement in the features. Paragonimiasis is an important tropical lung disease. The most frequent symptoms are cough and haemoptysis. The radiological features include cavities, cysts, calcified nodules all of which make differentiation from pulmonary tuberculosis difficult. In endemic areas, patients who complain of cough and haemoptysis should have their sputum examined by an experienced microbiologist for paragonimiasis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89478,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine CME","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 136-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137087987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis presenting with cough variant asthma with spontaneous remission","authors":"Hirofumi Matsuoka, Towa Uzu, Midori Koyama, Yasuko Koma, Kensuke Fukumitsu, Yoshitaka Kasai, Daiki Masuya, Harukazu Yoshimatsu, Yujiro Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 60-year-old woman presented with a dry cough without dyspnea or wheezing. Chest CT showed an image of mucoid impactions, which were identified as mucoid impactions by bronchofiberscopy. <em>Aspergillus niger</em> was cultured from her mucus. Her serum total IgE was 5150 IU/ml. Precipitins and IgE specific for <em>Aspergillus</em> were positive. She had no history of asthma and no evidence of bronchoconstriction by pulmonary function tests. Thus, a diagnosis was made of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis without asthma. She refused to take oral corticosteroids, although she improved spontaneously. However, her dry cough persisted. Her cough was relieved by administering an inhaled β-2 agonist; therefore, cough variant asthma was diagnosed. She was treated with an inhaled corticosteroid and her cough resolved completely.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89478,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine CME","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 175-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.04.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137225886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pulmonary adiaspiromycosis: The first reported case in Turkey","authors":"Melih Buyuksirin , Sevket Ozkaya , Nur Yucel , Filiz Guldaval , Kenan Ceylan , Gulru Erbay Polat","doi":"10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adiaspiromycosis is a world wide airborne infection and is a pulmonary disease in humans caused by the fungus <em>Chrysosporium parvum var crescens (Emmonsia parva)</em>. It is caused by inhalation of spores of the saprophytic soil fungus. The spherules induce a granulomatous reaction, in which a single spherule is surrounded by a fibronecrotic and suppurative or fibrous granuloma. The disease can be localized and asymptomatic, or disseminated, occasionally severe, or even fatal. Reticulonodular infiltrates are the most common radiographic manifestations, with localized infiltrates occurring occasionally. We present a case with bilateral diffuse interstitial micronodular infiltration and granulomatous inflammation in the lung. The larvae of adiaspiromycosis visualized in the center of granulomatous inflammation by histopathologic examination of the lung biospy specimens. We aimed to discuss the very rare cause of diffuse interstitial and granulomatous inflammation of lung.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89478,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine CME","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 166-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.04.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137226500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wassim H. Fares , Katherine R. Birchard , James R. Yankaskas
{"title":"Persistent left superior vena cava identified during central line placement: A case report","authors":"Wassim H. Fares , Katherine R. Birchard , James R. Yankaskas","doi":"10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>A persistent left superior vena cava is found in 0.3–0.5% of the general population and in up to 10% of patients with a congenital cardiac anomaly. It is the most common thoracic venous anomaly and is usually asymptomatic. Being familiar with such anomaly could help clinicians avoid complications during placement of central lines, Swan-Ganz catheters, PICC lines, dialysis catheters, defibrillators, and pacemakers.</p></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><p>We describe a case of persistent left superior vena cava that was noted after placement of a central line. Mr JJ is a 41 year old African American man who was hospitalized for evaluation and management of alcoholic necrotizing pancreatitis. He required multiple central lines placements. He was noted to have a persistent left superior vena cava that was not recognized initially and thus lead to an unnecessary extra central line placement.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>This anatomic variant may pose iatrogenic risks if it is not recognized by the clinician. A central catheter that tracks down the left mediastinal border may also be in the descending aorta, internal thoracic vein, superior intercostal vein, pericardiophrenic vein, pleura, pericardium, or mediastinum.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our case is significant because the patient had two extra central venous catheter placements. This case strongly demonstrates the importance of knowing the thoracic venous anomalies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89478,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine CME","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 141-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.11.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30140853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nocardia and Mycobacterium fortuitum infection in a case of lipoid pneumonia","authors":"Ashfaq Hasan , T.L.N. Swamy","doi":"10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exogenous lipoid pneumonia is a potential problem with any form of oil aspiration. The association of <em>Mycobacterium fortuitum</em> with lipoid pneumonia is a rare occurrence and ascribed to as yet-unknown interplay between the oil in the pulmonary parenchyma and the waxy Mycobacterial cell wall. We describe a case of lipoid pneumonia due to “oil aspiration”, complicated by infection with <em>Mycobacterium fortuitum</em> as well as <em>Nocardia</em>, in an individual with no obvious immune deficiencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89478,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory medicine CME","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 75-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rmedc.2010.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137401427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}