ISRN oncologyPub Date : 2013-04-11Print Date: 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2013/675051
Ayodeji O J Agboola, Adekumbiola A F Banjo, Charles C Anunobi, Babatunde Salami, Mopelola Deji Agboola, Adewale A Musa, Christopher C Nolan, Emad A Rakha, Ian O Ellis, Andrew R Green
{"title":"Cell Proliferation (KI-67) Expression Is Associated with Poorer Prognosis in Nigerian Compared to British Breast Cancer Women.","authors":"Ayodeji O J Agboola, Adekumbiola A F Banjo, Charles C Anunobi, Babatunde Salami, Mopelola Deji Agboola, Adewale A Musa, Christopher C Nolan, Emad A Rakha, Ian O Ellis, Andrew R Green","doi":"10.1155/2013/675051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/675051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Black women with breast cancer (BC) in Nigeria have higher mortality rate compared with British women. This study investigated prognostic features of cell proliferation biomarker (Ki-67) in Nigerian breast cancer women. Materials and Methods. The protein expression of Ki-67 was investigated in series of 308 Nigerian women, prepared as a tissue microarray (TMA), using immunohistochemistry. Clinic-pathological parameters, biomarkers, and patient outcome of tumours expressing Ki-67 in Nigerian women were correlated with UK grade-matched series. Results. A significantly larger proportion of breast tumours from Nigerian women showed high Ki-67 expression. Those tumours were significantly correlated with negative expression of the steroid hormone receptors (ER and PgR), p21, p27, E-cadherin, BRCA-1, and Bcl-2 (all P < 0.001), but positively associated with EGFR (P = 0.003), p53, basal cytokeratins: CK56, CK14, triple negative, and basal phenotype using Nielsen's classification (all P < 0.001) compared to UK women. Multivariate analyses showed that race was also associated with BCSS independent of tumour size, lymph node status, and ER status. Conclusion. Ki-67 expression was observed to have contributed to the difference in the BCSS in Nigerian compared with British BC women. Therefore, targeting Ki-67 in the indigenous black women with BC might improve the patient outcome in the black women with BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":89399,"journal":{"name":"ISRN oncology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"675051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/675051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31444811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISRN oncologyPub Date : 2013-04-04Print Date: 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2013/420597
Kandice L Tessneer, Satish Pasula, Xiaofeng Cai, Yunzhou Dong, Xiaolei Liu, Lili Yu, Scott Hahn, John McManus, Yiyuan Chen, Baojun Chang, Hong Chen
{"title":"Endocytic adaptor protein epsin is elevated in prostate cancer and required for cancer progression.","authors":"Kandice L Tessneer, Satish Pasula, Xiaofeng Cai, Yunzhou Dong, Xiaolei Liu, Lili Yu, Scott Hahn, John McManus, Yiyuan Chen, Baojun Chang, Hong Chen","doi":"10.1155/2013/420597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/420597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epsins have an important role in mediating clathrin-mediated endocytosis of ubiquitinated cell surface receptors. The potential role for epsins in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis by regulating intracellular signaling pathways has largely not been explored. Epsins are reportedly upregulated in several types of cancer including human skin, lung, and canine mammary cancers. However, whether their expression is elevated in prostate cancer is unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential role of epsins in prostate tumorigenesis using the wild type or epsin-deficient human prostate cancer cells, LNCaP, in a human xenograft model, and the spontaneous TRAMP mouse model in wild type or epsin-deficient background. Here, we reported that the expression of epsins 1 and 2 is upregulated in both human and mouse prostate cancer cells and cancerous tissues. Consistent with upregulation of epsins in prostate tumors, we discovered that depletion of epsins impaired tumor growth in both the human LNCaP xenograft and the TRAMP mouse prostate. Furthermore, epsin depletion significantly prolonged survival in the TRAMP mouse model. In summary, our findings suggest that epsins may act as oncogenic proteins to promote prostate tumorigenesis and that depletion or inhibition of epsins may provide a novel therapeutic target for future prostate cancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":89399,"journal":{"name":"ISRN oncology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"420597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/420597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31445440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infusion Rate Escalation Study of Rituximab in Patients with CD20+ B-Cell Lymphomas: A Single Institution Analysis in Japan.","authors":"Masahiro Yokoyama, Yasuhito Terui, Kengo Takeuchi, Eriko Nara, Kenji Nakano, Kyoko Ueda, Noriko Nishimura, Yuko Mishima, Sakura Sakajiri, Naoko Tsuyama, Keiya Ozawa, Kiyohiko Hatake","doi":"10.1155/2013/863909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/863909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. To determine the maximum tolerable infusion rate of rituximab, and investigate the safety and feasibility of rapid infusion of rituximab for patients with CD20 positive B-cell lymphomas (CD20+NHL). Patients and Methods. 18 patients with CD20+NHL were registered. This study had six cohorts of administration rate of rituximab. The median age was 56 years (range, 38-79), and five of 18 patients were male. Two patients (11%) with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were receiving R-CHOP therapy, two (11%) with indolent lymphoma were receiving R-CVP therapy, and 14 (78%) with indolent lymphoma were receiving rituximab as maintenance therapy. Results. A total of 88 cycles of rituximab was administered. Rapid infusion of rituximab was well tolerated, with only one grade 3 leukocytepenia and one grade 4 neutropenia. Four patients (22%) developed grade 1 infusion-related toxicities at the first administration of rituximab. No patient with severe drug-related events was observed. Conclusions. We determined that the maximum tolerable infusion rate of rituximab is 300 mL/h (under 700 mg/h), and confirmed that administration of over 60 minutes is safe and feasible. We recommend rapid administration of rituximab for practice setting in patients with CD20+NHL being treated with rituximab or rituximab-containing chemotherapy. (Clinical trial no. JFCR2009-1027).</p>","PeriodicalId":89399,"journal":{"name":"ISRN oncology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"863909"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/863909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31444813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISRN oncologyPub Date : 2013-03-31Print Date: 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2013/239241
Jennifer L Peterson, Steven J Buskirk, Michael G Heckman, Alexander S Parker, Nancy N Diehl, Katherine S Tzou, Nitesh N Paryani, Stephen J Ko, Larry C Daugherty, Laura A Vallow, Thomas M Pisansky
{"title":"Evaluation of Serum Calcium as a Predictor of Biochemical Recurrence following Salvage Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Jennifer L Peterson, Steven J Buskirk, Michael G Heckman, Alexander S Parker, Nancy N Diehl, Katherine S Tzou, Nitesh N Paryani, Stephen J Ko, Larry C Daugherty, Laura A Vallow, Thomas M Pisansky","doi":"10.1155/2013/239241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/239241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Previous reports have shown a positive association between serum calcium level and prostate cancer mortality. However, there is no data regarding whether higher serum calcium levels are associated with increased risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) following salvage radiation therapy (SRT) for prostate cancer. Herein, we evaluate the association between pretreatment serum calcium levels and BCR in a cohort of men who underwent SRT. Methods. We evaluated 165 patients who underwent SRT at our institution. Median dose was 65.0 Gy (range: 54.0-72.4 Gy). We considered serum calcium as both a continuous variable and a 3-level categorical variable (low [≤9.0 mg/dL], moderate [>9.0 mg/dL and ≤9.35 mg/dL], and high [>9.35 mg/dL]) based on sample tertiles. Results. We observed no evidence of a linear association between serum calcium and BCR (relative risk (RR): 0.96, P = 0.76). Compared to men with low calcium, there was no significantly increased risk of BCR for men with moderate (RR: 0.94, P = 0.79) or high (RR: 1.08, P = 0.76) serum calcium levels. Adjustment for clinical, pathological, and SRT characteristics in multivariable analyses did not alter these findings. Conclusion. Our results provide evidence that pretreatment serum calcium is unlikely to be a useful tool in predicting BCR risk following SRT.</p>","PeriodicalId":89399,"journal":{"name":"ISRN oncology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"239241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/239241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31376568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISRN oncologyPub Date : 2013-03-28Print Date: 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2013/325409
Natalia Melnikova, Jennifer Wu, Wendy Kaye, Maureen Orr
{"title":"Reliability of Family Proxy Data for Studies of Malignant Mesothelioma: Results from the ATSDR Pilot Surveillance.","authors":"Natalia Melnikova, Jennifer Wu, Wendy Kaye, Maureen Orr","doi":"10.1155/2013/325409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/325409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective. To evaluate the validity of proxy interviews in obtaining information on persons with rapidly fatal diseases such as malignant mesothelioma (MM). Methods. Persons with MM diagnosed in 2002 through 2005 in New York and New Jersey and 1997-2004 in Wisconsin were eligible for inclusion in the project. Persons with MM and their family member proxy were interviewed using the same questionnaire designed by ATSDR to collect information on potential direct or indirect occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos, genetic, and health related malignancy predisposition, and exposure to tobacco products. Descriptive statistics and the McNemar/Durkalski test were used to analyze 33 matched pairs. Results. The overall study confirmed a generally high ability of proxies to give interviews of comparable quality and completeness when asked dichotomous questions. The reliability of information collected from proxies varied by topic and family relationship. Conclusions. Family proxy interviews, using dichotomous responses, can serve as an acceptable source of information about health and exposure-related risk factors for MM.</p>","PeriodicalId":89399,"journal":{"name":"ISRN oncology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"325409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/325409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31376569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISRN oncologyPub Date : 2013-03-17Print Date: 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2013/245246
Mark R Garbrecht, Thomas J Schmidt
{"title":"Expression and Regulation of 11- β Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Enzyme Activity in the Glucocorticoid-Sensitive CEM-C7 Human Leukemic Cell Line.","authors":"Mark R Garbrecht, Thomas J Schmidt","doi":"10.1155/2013/245246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/245246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucocorticoids are commonly used in the first-line treatment of hematological malignancies, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, due to the ability of these steroids to activate pro-apoptotic pathways in human lymphocytes. The goal of the current study was to examine the gene expression and enzyme activity of the microsomal enzyme, 11- β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD11B2, HSD2), which is responsible for the oxidation of bioactive glucocorticoids to their inert metabolites. Using the glucocorticoid-sensitive human leukemic cell line, CEM-C7, we were able to detect the expression of HSD2 at the level of mRNA (via RT-PCR), protein (via immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting), and enzyme activity (via conversion of tritiated cortisol to cortisone). Furthermore, we observed that HSD2 enzyme activity is down regulated in CEM-C7 cells that were pretreated with the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (100 nM, <15 hours), and that this down regulation of enzyme activity is blocked by the administration of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, RU-486. Taken collectively, these data raise the possibility that the effectiveness of glucocorticoids in the treatment of human leukemias may be influenced by: (1) the ability of these neoplastic cells to metabolize glucocorticoids via HSD2 and (2) the ability of these steroids to regulate the expression of this key enzyme.</p>","PeriodicalId":89399,"journal":{"name":"ISRN oncology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"245246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/245246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31503621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISRN oncologyPub Date : 2013-03-14Print Date: 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2013/219369
Leonard C Marais, Nando Ferreira
{"title":"Osteosarcoma in Adult Patients Living with HIV/AIDS.","authors":"Leonard C Marais, Nando Ferreira","doi":"10.1155/2013/219369","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/219369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. HIV infection has reached epidemic proportions in South Africa, with an estimated prevalence of 21.5% in adults living in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. Several malignancies have been identified as part of the spectrum of immunosuppression-related manifestations of HIV infection. Very few reports, however, exist regarding the occurrence of non-AIDS-defining sarcomas in the extremities or limb girdles. Methods. A retrospective review was performed on all adult patients, between the ages of 30 and 60 years, with histologically confirmed osteosarcomas of the appendicular skeleton referred to a tertiary-level orthopaedic oncology unit. Results. Five out of the nine patients (62.5%) included in the study were found to be HIV positive. The average CD4 count of these patients was 278 (237-301) cells/mm(3), indicating advanced immunological compromise. Three of the malignancies in HIV-positive patients occurred in preexisting benign or low-grade tumours. Conclusion. A heightened index of suspicion is required in HIV patients presenting with unexplained bone and joint pain or swelling. Judicious use of appropriate radiological investigation, including magnetic resonance imaging of suspicious lesions and timely referral to an appropriate specialized orthopaedic oncology unit, is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":89399,"journal":{"name":"ISRN oncology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"219369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31503620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISRN oncologyPub Date : 2013-01-01Epub Date: 2013-01-10DOI: 10.1155/2013/759725
Keir A Ross, Niall A Smyth, Christopher D Murawski, John G Kennedy
{"title":"The biology of ewing sarcoma.","authors":"Keir A Ross, Niall A Smyth, Christopher D Murawski, John G Kennedy","doi":"10.1155/2013/759725","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/759725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective. The goal of this study was to review the current literature on the biology of Ewing's sarcoma, including current treatments and the means by which an understanding of biological mechanisms could impact future treatments. Methods. A search of PubMed and The Cochrane Collaboration was performed. Both preclinical and clinical evidence was considered, but specific case reports were not. Primary research articles and reviews were analyzed with an emphasis on recent publications. Results. Ewing sarcoma is associated with specific chromosomal translocations and the resulting transcripts/proteins. Knowledge of the biology of Ewing sarcoma has been growing but has yet to significantly impact or produce new treatments. Localized cases have seen improvements in survival rates, but the same cannot be said of metastatic and recurrent cases. Standard surgical, radiation, and chemotherapy treatments are reaching their efficacy limits. Conclusion. Improving prognosis likely lies in advancing biomarkers and early diagnosis, determining a cell(s) of origin, and developing effective molecular therapeutics and antiangiogenic agents. Preclinical evidence suggests the utility of molecular therapies for Ewing sarcoma. Early clinical results also reveal potential for novel treatments but require further development and evaluation before widespread use can be advocated.</p>","PeriodicalId":89399,"journal":{"name":"ISRN oncology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"759725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3549336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31181080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISRN oncologyPub Date : 2013-01-01Epub Date: 2013-01-10DOI: 10.1155/2013/252318
Gunhild Trøen, Abdirashid Warsame, Jan Delabie
{"title":"CD79B and MYD88 Mutations in Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma.","authors":"Gunhild Trøen, Abdirashid Warsame, Jan Delabie","doi":"10.1155/2013/252318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/252318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mutation status of genes involved in the NF-κB signaling pathway in splenic marginal zone lymphoma was examined. DNA sequence analysis of four genes was performed: CD79A, CD79B, CARD11, and MYD88 that are activated through BCR signaling or Toll-like and interleukin signaling. A single point mutation was detected in the CD79B gene (Y196H) in one of ten SMZL cases. Additionally, one point mutation was identified in the MYD88 gene (L265P) in another SMZL case. No mutations were revealed in CD79A or CARD11 genes in these SMZL cases. Neither were mutations detected in these four genes studied in 13 control MZL samples. Interestingly, the two cases with mutations of CD79B and MYD88 showed increased numbers of immunoblasts spread among the smaller and typical marginal zone lymphoma cells. Although SMZL shows few mutations of NF-κB signaling genes, our results indicate that the presence of these mutations is associated with a higher histological grade.</p>","PeriodicalId":89399,"journal":{"name":"ISRN oncology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"252318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/252318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31303323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISRN oncologyPub Date : 2013-01-01Epub Date: 2013-01-21DOI: 10.1155/2013/768647
Michael Musch, Ulla Roggenbuck, Virgilijus Klevecka, Heinrich Loewen, Maxim Janowski, Yadollah Davoudi, Darko Kroepfl
{"title":"Does changeover by an experienced open prostatic surgeon from open retropubic to robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy mean a step forward or backward?","authors":"Michael Musch, Ulla Roggenbuck, Virgilijus Klevecka, Heinrich Loewen, Maxim Janowski, Yadollah Davoudi, Darko Kroepfl","doi":"10.1155/2013/768647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/768647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We assessed whether changeover from open retropubic [RRP] to robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy [RALP] means a step forward or backward for the initial RALP patients. Therefore the first 105 RALPs of an experienced open prostatic surgeon and robotic novice-with tutoring in the initial 25 cases-were compared to the most recent 105 RRPs of the same surgeon. The groups were comparable with respect to patient characteristics and postoperative tumor characteristics (all P > 0.09). The only disadvantage of RALP was a longer operating time; the advantages were lower estimated blood loss, fewer anastomotic leakages, earlier catheter removal, shorter hospital stay (all P < 0.04), and less major complications within 90 days postoperatively (P < 0.01). Positive surgical margin rates were comparable both overall and stratified for pT stage in both groups (all P < 0.08). In addition, an equivalent number of lymph nodes were removed (P > 0.07). Twelve months after surgery, patient reported continence and erectile function were comparably good (all P > 0.11). Our study indicates that an experienced open prostatic surgeon and robotic novice who switches to RALP can achieve favorable surgical results despite the initial RALP learning curve. At the same time neither oncological nor functional outcomes are compromised.</p>","PeriodicalId":89399,"journal":{"name":"ISRN oncology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"768647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/768647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31231649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}