GM crops最新文献_第2页

Use of Stabilised Amine Nitrogen (SAN) Reduces Required Nitrogen Input and Increases Yield of Onions (Allium cepa L.) 使用稳定胺氮(SAN)可减少洋葱所需氮的输入，提高洋葱产量。

GM crops Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.3390/crops3020015

J. Dodgson, Anna Weston, D. Marks

{"title":"Use of Stabilised Amine Nitrogen (SAN) Reduces Required Nitrogen Input and Increases Yield of Onions (Allium cepa L.)","authors":"J. Dodgson, Anna Weston, D. Marks","doi":"10.3390/crops3020015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3020015","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen is the main nutrient required by plants for growth. The production of onions (Allium cepa) results in low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) as nitrogen is applied when it is not required by the plant; resulting in loss to the environment. This work assessed the ability of stabilised amine nitrogen (SAN) to increase the NUE and yield of onion. In a glasshouse, two onion cultivars (F1 Hybound (pelleted) and Ramrod) were grown and fertilised with 150 kg N ha−1 as urea applied to the soil or 2.7 kg N ha−1 as SAN applied foliarly at the three, four and five leaf stages. The survival percentage, number of leaves, height, weight, bulb diameter and stem diameter were recorded. For both cultivars, the survival percentage was increased with the SAN, with the increase being significant for Ramrod. While for all other parameters, SAN resulted in significant increases for both cultivars. In field plot trails, applications of 150 kg N ha−1 were compared to applications of 7.56 kg N ha−1 as SAN, which gave statistically similar yields and increased the NUE. This work shows that considerably reduced N as SAN was a significant improvement over the traditional 150 kg N ha−1 for onion production. Commercial application of this work would significantly improve the profitability of onion production due to reduced purchase of N and increased yield.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78625338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Weed Control and Selectivity of Four Herbicides Applied in Pre-Emergence on Two Sunflower Cultivars 4种除草剂在两个向日葵品种出苗前的杂草防治及选择性研究

GM crops Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.3390/crops3020014

Elielton Germano dos Santos, M. Inoue, A. C. D. Guimarães, Jennifer Stefany Queiroz Bastos, K. F. Mendes

{"title":"Weed Control and Selectivity of Four Herbicides Applied in Pre-Emergence on Two Sunflower Cultivars","authors":"Elielton Germano dos Santos, M. Inoue, A. C. D. Guimarães, Jennifer Stefany Queiroz Bastos, K. F. Mendes","doi":"10.3390/crops3020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3020014","url":null,"abstract":"The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an oleaginous plant that shows high suitability for cultivation in Brazil. However, the performance of the crop is influenced by factors such as weed interference, mainly because of the few selective herbicide options. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate weed control and selectivity of four pre-emergent herbicides applied to two sunflower cultivars in sandy and clayey soils. Two field experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with a 2 × 6 factorial scheme, two cultivars (CF 101 and M 734) and six treatments with S-metolachlor (1920 g a.i. ha−1), sulfentrazone (150 g a.i. ha−1), flumioxazin (40 g a.i. ha−1), and trifluralin (1780 g a.i. ha−1) and two controls, one with weeding and the other without weeding and without herbicide application, in soils with contrasting textures (sandy and clayey). No injury symptoms were observed in both cultivars, regardless of soil texture. The cultivar M 734 exhibited the highest values of the agronomic parameters evaluated. The treatment with flumioxazin provided control of more than 90% of the weeds in clayey soil and more than 64% in sandy soil. The yield of both cultivars was lower in the sandy soil. Thus, all herbicide treatments were selective for both cultivars tested, since they did not interfere with sunflower grain yield.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88591114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular Variability of Crop Pathogens 作物病原菌的分子变异

GM crops Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.3390/crops3020013

Carla S. Santos, M. Nunes da Silva

引用次数: 0

Antioxidant Potential Profile of Portuguese Wheat (Bread and Durum) Germplasm 葡萄牙小麦(面包和硬粒)种质的抗氧化潜力分析

GM crops Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.3390/crops3020012

A. Garcia-Oliveira, A. Aires, R. Carvalho, V. Carnide, A. Barros, J. Lima-Brito

{"title":"Antioxidant Potential Profile of Portuguese Wheat (Bread and Durum) Germplasm","authors":"A. Garcia-Oliveira, A. Aires, R. Carvalho, V. Carnide, A. Barros, J. Lima-Brito","doi":"10.3390/crops3020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3020012","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds are presumed responsible for several health benefits due to their capacity to scavenge free radicals and chelate metals prevenient oxidative stress. Since these compounds are ubiquitous in plants, including cereals, the available antioxidant potential profile of wheat genotypes could allow the development of new cultivars with an increased nutritional value that may result in antioxidant-rich foods. In this study, total phenolics content (TPC) was quantified in the whole grain flour of 92 wheat (46 genotypes each from bread and durum) genotypes, which were evaluated under field conditions during 2 different crop seasons (2004-05 and 2009-10). Of the ninety-two, fourteen (six and eight from bread and durum wheat, respectively) genotypes were comprehensively evaluated for antioxidant activity [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and reducing power] and ferulic acid contents. The results revealed that substantial genotypic variability exists for TPC in wheat genotypes with a mean value of 991 and 787 µg ferulic acid equivalents (FAE)/g DW in bread and durum wheat, respectively. Moreover, bound phenolics as a source of ferulic acid, including both cis- and trans-isomers, were observed as a major contributor to the total phenolics, which must be considered in assessing the antioxidant activity in wheat grain. In conclusion, these findings may also help improve wheat grains as natural sources of antioxidants utilizing selected genotypes in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82980178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proteomics of the Oomycete Phytophthora parasitica Strain INRA 310 卵霉菌疫霉菌株INRA 310的蛋白质组学研究

GM crops Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/crops3020011

Sihem Hannat, I. Hasni, P. Decloquement, S. Diene, S. Azza, B. La Scola, S. Aherfi

{"title":"Proteomics of the Oomycete Phytophthora parasitica Strain INRA 310","authors":"Sihem Hannat, I. Hasni, P. Decloquement, S. Diene, S. Azza, B. La Scola, S. Aherfi","doi":"10.3390/crops3020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3020011","url":null,"abstract":"The phytopathogen Phytophthora parasitica, from the Oomycetes class, known to be the tobacco black shank agent, can induce devastating diseases in various crop, plant and forest ecosystems. The genus Phytophthora has been studied at the cellular level, suggesting that different developmental steps are induced by the expression of some specific genes. However, these studies have only been carried out on certain species, such as Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora cactorum. As for Phytophthora parasitica, which can be considered as one of the top ten oomycete pathogens due to the economic impact and effect it has on food security, even less functional analyses and transcriptomics data are available. To date, little is known about the protein expression of Phytophthora parasitica, information that is essential for achieving a better understanding of this species. In this study, we aimed to gain insight into the proteomics of the mycelium of the Phytophthora parasitica strain INRA 310 by addressing the following questions: (i) how many predicted proteins can be detected on the mycelium of P. parasitica INRA 310, and (ii) what proteins can be detected? The proteomics experiments were performed on the mycelium of the strain Phytophthora parasitica INRA310, using the nanoliquid chromatography-MS/MS technique. A total of 219 proteins were identified, including ten unknown proteins and 209 proteins involved in lipid, carbohydrate, nucleotide, energy production and other metabolic pathways. This proteomics study is, to our knowledge, the first to be performed on the mycelium of Phytophthora parasitica INRA 310. It gives a brief first insight into its in vitro-expressed proteins. This work may be the first step before further, more comprehensive studies are undertaken with the aim of better understanding the biology of this species and its pathogenicity.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86592051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamics of Micronutrient Uptake and Removal by Three Modern Runner Peanut Cultivars 3个现代花生品种对微量营养素的吸收和去除动态

GM crops Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/crops3020010

C. Crusciol, J. Portugal, J. W. Bossolani, L. Moretti, A. M. Fernandes, A. Moreira, Jader Luis Nantes Garcia, Gleize Leviski de Brito Garcia, C. Pilon, H. Cantarella

{"title":"Dynamics of Micronutrient Uptake and Removal by Three Modern Runner Peanut Cultivars","authors":"C. Crusciol, J. Portugal, J. W. Bossolani, L. Moretti, A. M. Fernandes, A. Moreira, Jader Luis Nantes Garcia, Gleize Leviski de Brito Garcia, C. Pilon, H. Cantarella","doi":"10.3390/crops3020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3020010","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrient fertilization is usually neglected by producers, especially for peanut, a crop that is frequently grown in crop rotation systems due to its low perceived nutrient requirements. New peanut cultivars are able to achieve high yields when grown under suitable conditions. However, fertilization recommendation tables are dated and do not consider the need for micronutrients. To support improvements in these recommendations, this study quantified the micronutrient demand (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) of three runner peanut cultivars (IAC Runner 886, IAC 505, and IAC OL3) during the biological cycle and the transport of these micronutrients to pods and kernels. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block with a split-plot design and nine replications. The whole plots consisted of the three peanut cultivars, and the subplots comprised nine plant samplings (at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 105, 126, and 147 days after emergence (DAE)). These modern peanut cultivars exhibited high uptake and accumulation of Fe, but the proportion of Fe removed by pods and kernels was lowest among all analyzed micronutrients. The second-most-accumulated micronutrient was Mn. The maximum requirement for micronutrients of peanut occurred around 84 DAE, and IAC 505 had the highest micronutrient uptake and accumulation among the cultivars (especially at later stages), followed by IAC OL3 and IAC Runner 886. Our results provide new insights into micronutrient requirements for peanut and demonstrate the need for new fertilizer recommendation programs for peanut cultivation.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80197244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Crop Rotation and Tillage on Winter Wheat Growth and Yield under Cold Dryland Conditions 旱地旱地轮作耕作对冬小麦生长和产量的影响

GM crops Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.3390/crops3020009

R. Lotfi, M. Pessarakli

{"title":"Effects of Crop Rotation and Tillage on Winter Wheat Growth and Yield under Cold Dryland Conditions","authors":"R. Lotfi, M. Pessarakli","doi":"10.3390/crops3020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3020009","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate responses of two winter wheat genotypes under different crop management systems (rotation and tillage), a split–split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during 4 years in Maragheh, Iran. Three crop rotation treatments [vetch–wheat (V–W), chickpea–wheat (C–W), and safflower–wheat (S–W)] were considered in main plots, three tillage treatments (conventional-tillage (CT), minimum-tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)) were located in subplots, and two winter dryland wheat genotypes (Baran and Azar2) were allocated in sub-sub plots. Results indicated that soil moisture content in NT was greater than that in MT and CT. The highest relative water content (RWC), normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) were obtained from the Baran genotype in the V–W rotation under NT. In the last year of the experiment, rainfall productivity in NT treatment improved by 32%, compared to CT. The Baran genotype had higher rainfall productivity in both MT and NT treatments with 0.71 and 0.70 kg m−3, respectively. Crop water requirement was not affected by crop rotation or tillage treatments. Maximum grain yields in V–W, C–W, and S–W rotations were recorded as 2231, 2105, and 1991 kg ha−1, respectively. With increasing soil moisture storage and improving rainfall productivity under full implementation of conservation agriculture components (after 4 years), grain yield of Baran and Azar2 improved in NT compared to that of CT by about 6–9% and 6–14%, respectively. Therefore, the application of V–W rotation with NT in cold dryland areas is recommended for developing of conservation agriculture system.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83244762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutritional Composition of Six Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus) Andean Varieties 六种安第斯苋菜品种的营养成分

GM crops Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.3390/crops3010008

Jenny Mérida-López, S. Pérez, B. Bergenståhl, J. Purhagen, Cinthia Carola Rojas

{"title":"Nutritional Composition of Six Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus) Andean Varieties","authors":"Jenny Mérida-López, S. Pérez, B. Bergenståhl, J. Purhagen, Cinthia Carola Rojas","doi":"10.3390/crops3010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3010008","url":null,"abstract":"Amaranthus caudatus is a nutrient-rich Andean pseudocereal with wide genetic variability. Six productive varieties (Oscar Blanco, Pucara, Tomina, Cotahuasi, Barbechos, and Guindo Criollo) were compared by proximate, mineral, and fatty acid composition. The proximal content showed certain singularities in the varieties. Barbechos and Guindo Criollo stood out for their fat content (9.50% and 9.01%, respectively), while Tomina stood out for their carbohydrate content (72.6%), and Pucara and Oscar Blanco for their fiber content (4.59% and 4.48%, respectively). The mineral content presented differences, highlighting the Ca content for Pucara (108 mg/100 g), and Tomina with micro-minerals (Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu, 4.67, 5.90, 9.13 and 1.03 mg/100 g, respectively). All varieties showed high tricosanic acid (C23:0) content, and Cotahuasi was highlighted for its high linoleic acid (C18:2) content. Multivariate analysis showed negative correlations between proteins and carbohydrates, and between fat and fiber in their proximal content, as well as between Fe and Na for their mineral content, and C18:1 and C18:2 for the fatty acids. Although certain differences were found, the total nutritional composition tended to have minor differences between the investigated varieties.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88135961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Proteomic Variability and Nutrient-Related Proteins across Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Rice Grains 色素和非色素水稻籽粒的蛋白质组学变异和营养相关蛋白

GM crops Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.3390/crops3010007

Y. Sew, W. Aizat, Rabiatul-Adawiah Zainal-Abidin, Mohd Shahril Firdaus Ab Razak, Sanimah Simoh, N. Abu-Bakar

{"title":"Proteomic Variability and Nutrient-Related Proteins across Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Rice Grains","authors":"Y. Sew, W. Aizat, Rabiatul-Adawiah Zainal-Abidin, Mohd Shahril Firdaus Ab Razak, Sanimah Simoh, N. Abu-Bakar","doi":"10.3390/crops3010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops3010007","url":null,"abstract":"Rice protein is considered an important dietary protein source. Information regarding rice nutrient-related protein expression is still scarce, hence further study investigating this aspect is highly needed. Herein, we applied sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) for a comparative proteomic analysis across six different Malaysian rice varieties. These consisted of black rice (BR: PH9 and BALI), red rice (RR: MRQ100 and MRM16), and white rice (WR: MRQ76 and MR297). This study aimed to unravel rice nutrient-related proteins and if their expressions were significantly different across varieties. A total of 4022 quantified proteins were found to be significantly expressed across all varieties with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 1% and p < 0.05. While among 1792 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that were identified, 74 DEPs had functions related to nutrient biosynthesis. There were significantly higher expressions of key enzymes for the carotenoid and amylopectin biosynthesis pathways and seed storage proteins, i.e., prolamins and glutelins in RR. Glycoproteins such as cupin and germin-like protein, as well as enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of thiamine and anthocyanin were abundantly found in BR. WR was particularly enriched with biosynthesis enzymes for essential amino acids (methionine and arginine), vitamin B, and unsaturated fatty acid. This study provides us insights into the differential expressions of storage and functional proteins with nutrient-related properties in shaping rice grain pigmentations and plant immunity, as well as in contributing diverse health benefits as daily functional food for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77165025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Meteorological Factors on Grain Yield of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica Beauv.) under Different Water Supply Conditions 不同供水条件下气象因子对谷子产量的影响

GM crops Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.3390/crops3010006

Wenying Zhang, Bianyin Wang, Binhui Liu, Zhaoyang Chen, Guanli Lu, Caihong Bai, Y. Ge

引用次数: 0