GM crops最新文献_第10页

Biotech crops and the Egyptian revolution: where we stand. 转基因作物和埃及革命:我们的立场。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.2.17360

Naglaa A Abdallah

引用次数: 3

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.2.17510

Channapatna S Prakash

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of salt tolerance in ectoine-transgenic tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) in terms of photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, and carbon partitioning. 从光合作用、渗透调节和碳分配等方面评价转基因番茄的耐盐性。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15831

Reda E A Moghaieb, Akiko Nakamura, Hirofumi Saneoka, Kounosuke Fujita

{"title":"Evaluation of salt tolerance in ectoine-transgenic tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) in terms of photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, and carbon partitioning.","authors":"Reda E A Moghaieb, Akiko Nakamura, Hirofumi Saneoka, Kounosuke Fujita","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15831","url":null,"abstract":"Ectoine is a common compatible solute in halophilic bacteria. Its biosynthesis originates from L-aspartate β-semialdehyde and requires three enzymes: L-2, 4-diaminobutyric acid aminotransferase (gene: ect B), L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid acetyl transferase (gene: ect A) and L-ectoine synthase (gene: ect C). Genetically engineered tomato plants expressing the three H. elongata genes (ectA, ectB, and ectC) generated showed no phenotypic abnormality. Expression of the ectoine biosynthetic genes was detected in the T3 transgenic plants by Northern blot analysis. The ectoine accumulating T3 plants were evaluated for salt tolerance by examining their photosynthestic activity, osmotic adjustment and carbon partitioning. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detected the accumulation of ectoine. The concentration of ectoine increased with increasing salinity. The transgenic lines showed higher activities of peroxidase, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was decreased under salinity stress condition. In addition, preservation of higher rates of photosynthesis and turgor values as compared to control was evident. Within a week of ( 13) CO 2 feeding, salt application led to increases in the partitioning of ( 13) C into roots at the expense of ( 13) C in the other plant parts. These results suggest that under saline conditions ectoine synthesis is promoted in the roots of transgenic plants, leading to an acceleration of sink activity for photosynthate in the roots. Subsequently, root function such as water uptake is improved, compared with wild-type plants. In this way, the photosynthetic rate is increased through enhancement of cell membrane stability in oxidative conditions under salt stress.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"2 1","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29934870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Impact of GM crops on biodiversity. 转基因作物对生物多样性的影响。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15086

Janet E Carpenter

{"title":"Impact of GM crops on biodiversity.","authors":"Janet E Carpenter","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15086","url":null,"abstract":"The potential impact of GM crops on biodiversity has been a topic of interest both in general as well as specifically in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Agricultural biodiversity has been defined at levels from genes to ecosystems that are involved or impacted by agricultural production (www.cbd.int/agro/whatis.shtml). After fifteen years of commercial cultivation, a substantial body of literature now exists addressing the potential impacts of GM crops on the environment. This review takes a biodiversity lens to this literature, considering the impacts at three levels: the crop, farm and landscape scales. Within that framework, this review covers potential impacts of the introduction of genetically engineered crops on: crop diversity, biodiversity of wild relatives, non-target soil organisms, weeds, land use, non-target above-ground organisms, and area-wide pest suppression. The emphasis of the review is peer-reviewed literature that presents direct measures of impacts on biodiversity. In addition, possible impacts of changes in management practises such as tillage and pesticide use are also discussed to complement the literature on direct measures. The focus of the review is on technologies that have been commercialized somewhere in the world, while results may emanate from non-adopting countries and regions. Overall, the review finds that currently commercialized GM crops have reduced the impacts of agriculture on biodiversity, through enhanced adoption of conservation tillage practices, reduction of insecticide use and use of more environmentally benign herbicides and increasing yields to alleviate pressure to convert additional land into agricultural use.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"2 1","pages":"7-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29934864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 147

Genetically engineered resistance to Plum pox virus infection in herbaceous and stone fruit hosts. 草本和核果寄主对李痘病毒感染的基因工程抗性。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15096

Vincenza Ilardi, Elisa Di Nicola-Negri

引用次数: 26

Safety risks of cryptic reading frames and gene disruption due to crop transgenesis: what are the odds? 农作物转基因导致的隐读框和基因破坏的安全风险:几率是多少?

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15622

Rod A Herman, Ping Song, Meibao Zhuang

引用次数: 6

Transformation of the US bread wheat 'Butte 86' and silencing of omega-5 gliadin genes. 美国面包小麦“Butte 86”的转化和ω -5麦胶蛋白基因的沉默。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15884

Susan B Altenbach, Paul V Allen

{"title":"Transformation of the US bread wheat 'Butte 86' and silencing of omega-5 gliadin genes.","authors":"Susan B Altenbach, Paul V Allen","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15884","url":null,"abstract":"Complex groups of proteins determine the unique functional properties of wheat flour and are sometimes responsible for food intolerances and allergies in individuals that consume wheat products. Transgenic approaches can be used to explore the functions of different flour proteins, but are limited to the few wheat cultivars that can be transformed and also by the lack of detailed information about genes and proteins expressed in grain from those cultivars. The US bread wheat Butte 86 has been extensively characterized and a comprehensive proteome map was developed in which flour proteins were distinguished by mass spectrometry and associated with specific gene sequences. Here, this information has been used to design an RNA interference construct to silence the expression of genes encoding omega gliadins that trigger the food allergy wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). The construct was introduced into immature embryos from Butte 86 using biolistics and bialaphos-resistant plants were regenerated. Stable transformation and inheritance of the transgene were confirmed by PCR. Analysis of proteins in grain from transgenic plants demonstrated that the omega-5 gliadins were either absent or substantially reduced relative to non-transformed controls. The ability to genetically transform Butte 86 makes it possible to alter flour composition in a targeted manner in a commercial US wheat cultivar and should accelerate future research on flour quality and immunogenic potential.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"2 1","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15884","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29934871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 59

Development of multiplex and construct specific PCR assay for detection of cry2Ab transgene in genetically modified crops and product. 建立转基因作物及产品中cry2Ab基因的多重PCR检测方法。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.1.16017

Suchitra Kamle, Arvind Kumar, Raj K Bhatnagar

{"title":"Development of multiplex and construct specific PCR assay for detection of cry2Ab transgene in genetically modified crops and product.","authors":"Suchitra Kamle, Arvind Kumar, Raj K Bhatnagar","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.2.1.16017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.2.1.16017","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient detection system for trait validation and screening of GMOs is a much sought after procedure, which could also help in regulatory compliance. Currently, in India, a number of cry2Ab transgene carrying GM crops are undergoing field trial i.e., MON15985 cotton, Bt rice, Bt okra, Bt corn, Bt brinjal, Bt potato and Bt tomato. In this study, we report a qualitative assay for detection for cry2Ab (326 bp). Further, the amplification compatibility with promoter, p35S (195 bp), terminator, t-nos (180 bp) and marker gene, npt II ( 215 bp) was also confirmed using Bt cotton event MON15985 as reference material. The detection sensitivity was 0.1% that is far below the requirement of the stringent European Union (EU) regulations of 0.9%. The target DNA when spiked with either MECH-12 (cry1Ac), RR-soya (epsps) or MON-810 (cry1Ab) showed no inhibitory effect on cry2Ab detection. Moreover, the cry2Ab specific transgene construct (1.9 kb) was amplified and its identity confirmed by a nested PCR. Hence, a comprehensive multiplex PCR method for detection of cry2Ab gene in a GM crop/products was established. This is possibly a first report showing concurrent amplification of cry2Ab transgene, promoter, terminator and marker gene.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"2 1","pages":"74-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.2.1.16017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29935924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

GM in the media. 通用汽车在媒体上。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15458

Vivian Moses

{"title":"GM in the media.","authors":"Vivian Moses","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15458","url":null,"abstract":"February 2011 and the early part of March were busy months for GM crops on both sides of the Atlantic and beyond. In the US, attention focused on the court cases involving GM-sugarbeet and GM-alfalfa. While the sugarbeet has rapidly been adopted by US producers, with 95% of beets genetically modified, in August 2010 US District Judge Jeffrey White banned future plantings of Monsanto’s Round Up-Ready (RR) sugar beets (which account for more than half of the country's sugar supply) until the federal government had completed a more thorough Environmental Impact Statement. There were not enough non-GM seeds available to replace the banned GM-seeds, with the USDA estimating that the country's sugar supply could run short and domestic farmers losing as much as 21% of their 2011 crop. However, federal regulators have now said that farmers would be able to plant GM-sugar beets this year under certain conditions until the full environmental impact statement is completed. A three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco overturned a preliminary injunction that mandated destruction of RR sugar beets planted under USDA permits. The court concluded that the challengers had failed to demonstrate irreparable harm from allowing the stecklings (seedlings) that the court described as “juvenile sugar beets” to be grown. Jim Greenwood, chief executive officer of the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), said \"We remain hopeful that this action, along with the decision made last week on Roundup Ready alfalfa, will pave the way for new technologies in the pipeline\" . The story was carried in the Wall Street Journal and by the Voice of America in their overseas program.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29934862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global impact of biotech crops: environmental effects 1996-2009. 转基因作物的全球影响:1996-2009年的环境影响。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.1.15529

Graham Brookes, Peter Barfoot

引用次数: 130