GM crops最新文献_第9页

Coexistence between conventional, organic and GM crops production: the Portuguese system. 传统、有机和转基因作物生产的共存:葡萄牙体系。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-06-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.3.18476

Alessandro Chiarabolli

{"title":"Coexistence between conventional, organic and GM crops production: the Portuguese system.","authors":"Alessandro Chiarabolli","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.2.3.18476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.2.3.18476","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to analyze the way of Portugal is addressing the issue of the coexistence between conventional, organic and Genetically Modified (GM) crops production. In the EU, no form of agriculture, be it conventional, organic or transgenic, should be excluded. Farmers are free to choose the production type they prefer, without being forced to change patterns already established in the area and without spending more resources. Farmers' choice of growing GM or non-GM crops depends not only on technical aspects related to the productivity gains and agronomic benefits to be gained from adopting this technology, but also on consumers' preferences. Today only few Member States have adopted specific legislation on coexistence. Portugal was one of the first European Country that, in 2005, adopted a coexistence law and it has implemented one of the most complete systems of coexistence regulation. Today Portugal has a well-balanced regime based on free choice for consumers and growers. It has a coexistence system complete regulation and farmers who wish to cultivate GM maize must fulfill with national coexistence legislation that includes the following compulsory rules: participate in specific coexistence training courses, register the cultivation area, inform by written notification about their intent to cultivate GM, apply measures of coexistence, among others.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"2 3","pages":"138-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.2.3.18476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30333045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing DAS-68416-4 soybean meal. 饲喂含 DAS-68416-4 豆粕日粮的肉鸡的生产性能。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-06-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.3.17869

Rod A Herman, Christina M Dunville, Daland R Juberg, Dale W Fletcher, Gary L Cromwell

{"title":"Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing DAS-68416-4 soybean meal.","authors":"Rod A Herman, Christina M Dunville, Daland R Juberg, Dale W Fletcher, Gary L Cromwell","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.2.3.17869","DOIUrl":"10.4161/gmcr.2.3.17869","url":null,"abstract":"Broiler chickens are a fast growing monogastric animal commonly used to evaluate the equivalence between transgenic and non-transgenic grains as part of the human safety assessment process. While commonly viewed like other livestock feeding trials, such studies are performed with transgenic crops with input traits (that are not designed to improve nutrition) to aid regulatory authorities in evaluating safety. Studies of this type are actually more similar to toxicology studies in purpose, with sensitive endpoints like growth used to detect metabolic perturbations. DAS-68416-4 soybean expresses the aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-12 (AAD-12) enzyme which inactivates 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and provides DAS-68416-4 soybeans tolerance to this herbicide. DAS-68416-4 also expresses the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) enzyme from Streptomyces viridochromogenes which confers tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium herbicides. A 6-week broiler study was conducted with diets containing toasted DAS-68416-4 soybean meal (40, 36, and 32% in starter, grower and finisher diets, respectively) to evaluate nutritional wholesomeness and safety compared with conventional comparators. Toasting soybean meal is required to inactivate endogenous antinutrients making soybean suitable for consumption by monogastric animals like broiler chickens. Toasting was found to denature both the AAD-12 and PAT proteins rendering them non-detectable by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Broiler growth and performance parameters were measured over a 6-week period of exposure to diets containing different sources of toasted soybean meal, and results indicate that DAS-68416-4 soybean is nutritionally equivalent to non-transgenic soybean.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"2 3","pages":"169-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.2.3.17869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30071901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Burdensome and unnecessary regulation. 繁重和不必要的监管。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.2.17316

Nina V Fedoroff

引用次数: 4

Bt brinjal in India: a long way to go. 但是印度的茄子:还有很长的路要走。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.2.16335

Sandeep Kumar, Amita Misra, Alok Kumar Verma, Ruchi Roy, Anurag Tripathi, Kausar M Ansari, Mukul Das, Premendra D Dwivedi

{"title":"Bt brinjal in India: a long way to go.","authors":"Sandeep Kumar, Amita Misra, Alok Kumar Verma, Ruchi Roy, Anurag Tripathi, Kausar M Ansari, Mukul Das, Premendra D Dwivedi","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.2.2.16335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.2.2.16335","url":null,"abstract":"Brinjal occupies the major proportion amongst all vegetable crops in India and is vulnerable to many diseases caused by insect-pests, fungus, bacteria and virus. Brinjal production is extensively affected by the insect brinjal fruit and shoot borer. Use of conventional chemical pesticides not only damage environment including the biotic and abiotic components but, also affect human health. Bt Brinjal was developed to combat brinjal fruit and shoot borer that has an advantage minimizing use of chemical pesticides. Extensive biosafety investigations, nutritional studies, substantial equivalence studies, relative toxicity and allergenicity assessment using animal models like Sprague Dawley rats, Brown Norway rats, rabbit, fish, chicken, goats, etc. revealed no significant differences between genetically modified brinjal and its native counterpart. Bt brinjal could effectively control the target pest and was found to be safe for environment and human health. In spite of all the scientific studies, release of Bt Brinjal has been put under moratorium. Indian government has constituted an expert committee to address this issue. In this review we have tried to explore the facts related to Bt Brinjal including its production, use of Bt toxin, use of chemical pesticides in controlling the FSB in native brinjal, along with perspective of public opinion and government initiatives. Key words: Bt Brinjal, agriculture, insecticides, GM foods, agrobacterium, transgenic crops.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"2 2","pages":"92-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.2.2.16335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30097890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Regeneration of Jatropha curcas through efficient somatic embryogenesis and suspension culture. 麻疯树高效体细胞胚发生和悬浮培养再生的研究。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.2.16126

Lin Cai, Lin Fu, Lianghui Ji

引用次数: 16

TALE nucleases and next generation GM crops. TALE核酸酶与下一代转基因作物。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.2.17254

Magdy M Mahfouz, Lixin Li

引用次数: 49

Enhancing transgenic pea (Pisum sativum L.) resistance against fungal diseases through stacking of two antifungal genes (chitinase and glucanase). 通过叠加两种抗真菌基因（几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶）增强转基因豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）对真菌病害的抗性。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.2.16125

Awah Anna Amian, Jutta Papenbrock, Hans-Jörg Jacobsen, Fathi Hassan

{"title":"Enhancing transgenic pea (Pisum sativum L.) resistance against fungal diseases through stacking of two antifungal genes (chitinase and glucanase).","authors":"Awah Anna Amian, Jutta Papenbrock, Hans-Jörg Jacobsen, Fathi Hassan","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.2.2.16125","DOIUrl":"10.4161/gmcr.2.2.16125","url":null,"abstract":"One way of enhancing and broadening resistance of plants to different biotic and abiotic stresses is to combine transgenes expressing several genes into a single line. This can be done using different strategies such as crossing, single vector with multiple genes, co-transformation, sequential transformation and IRES elements. In the present study conventional crossing method was used. Parental transgenic lines transformed via Agrobacterium tumefasciens-mediated gene transformation with pGreenII binary vector harbouring a bar gene as selectable marker in combination with the family 19 chitinase gene from Streptomyces olivaceoviridis for one line and 1,3-β-glucanase from barley (Hordeum vulgare) for the other line were used for crossing. Both chitinase and glucanase genes were cloned into pGreenII vector under the control of the constitutive double 35S-promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus. Progenies expressing the two genes were characterised at the molecular level using PCR, RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis, as well as segregation and stability studies of the respective expression levels. Leaf paint assay was used as functional test for herbicide resistant gene. Stable inheritance of the antifungal genes in the transgenic plants was demonstrated. The synergistic effect of crossed plants was tested using in vitro assay which shows higher inhibition of spore germination.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"2 2","pages":"104-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.2.2.16125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30184661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 48

Development of an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay for the detection of Cry2Ab Protein in transgenic plants. 转基因植物中Cry2Ab蛋白酶联免疫吸附试验的建立。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.2.16191

Suchitra Kamle, Abhishek Ojha, Arvind Kumar

引用次数: 21

Establishment of regeneration and transformation system of sugarcane cultivar GT54-9 (C9). 甘蔗品种GT54-9 (C9)再生转化体系的建立

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.2.17288

Dessoky S Eldessoky, Roba M Ismail, Abdel-Hadi A Abdel-Hadi, Naglaa A Abdallah

{"title":"Establishment of regeneration and transformation system of sugarcane cultivar GT54-9 (C9).","authors":"Dessoky S Eldessoky, Roba M Ismail, Abdel-Hadi A Abdel-Hadi, Naglaa A Abdallah","doi":"10.4161/gmcr.2.2.17288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.2.2.17288","url":null,"abstract":"Plant regeneration protocols for sugarcane GT54-9(C9) cultivar were developed for direct organogenesis and indirect somatic embryogenesis, using young leaf segments as explants by studying the influence of different concentrations and types of cytokinin and auxin hormones. For the callus formation from young leaves, a medium containing 4mg/l 2,4-D was found very effective. For embryo formation, MS medium supplemented with 1mg/l Kin and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D was used. While in the case of direct organogenesis protocol, the medium containing 1mg/l BAP and 2mg/l NAA was the best for direct shoot formation. Data showed that the best shoot regeneration and elongation medium for direct organogenesis and indirect somatic embryogenesis was obtained on medium with 2 mg/l Kin and 0.1 mg/l BAP. Root induction was best performed on 2mg/l NAA and complete plantlets were hardened in the greenhouse before transferring to the field for further evaluation. For transformation, young leaf segments of sugarcane from the cultivar GT54-9(C9) were inoculated and co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LB4404 harboring the binary vector pISV2678 with the bar and the gus-intron genes. The obtained putative transgenic plantlets were able to grow under bialaphose containing medium. Stable integration of the bar gene into the plant genomes was tested by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. Histochemical assay and leaf painting analysis were carried out to study the expression of the gus and bar genes in transgenic plants, respectively. The results indicated that the direct organogenesis produced a higher yield of regenerated plants (22% more) within shorter time (4 weeks less). Therefore, this method is recommended for sugarcane regeneration and for further use in genetic transformation via A. tumefaciens with desired genes.","PeriodicalId":89376,"journal":{"name":"GM crops","volume":"2 2","pages":"126-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/gmcr.2.2.17288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29992202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Improvement of plastid transformation efficiency in potato by using vectors with homologous flanking sequences. 利用同源侧翼序列载体提高马铃薯质体转化效率。

GM crops Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.2.17504

Nunzia Scotti, Vladimir T Valkov, Teodoro Cardi

引用次数: 22