Weed Control and Selectivity of Four Herbicides Applied in Pre-Emergence on Two Sunflower Cultivars

GM crops Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI:10.3390/crops3020014
Elielton Germano dos Santos, M. Inoue, A. C. D. Guimarães, Jennifer Stefany Queiroz Bastos, K. F. Mendes
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Abstract

The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an oleaginous plant that shows high suitability for cultivation in Brazil. However, the performance of the crop is influenced by factors such as weed interference, mainly because of the few selective herbicide options. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate weed control and selectivity of four pre-emergent herbicides applied to two sunflower cultivars in sandy and clayey soils. Two field experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with a 2 × 6 factorial scheme, two cultivars (CF 101 and M 734) and six treatments with S-metolachlor (1920 g a.i. ha−1), sulfentrazone (150 g a.i. ha−1), flumioxazin (40 g a.i. ha−1), and trifluralin (1780 g a.i. ha−1) and two controls, one with weeding and the other without weeding and without herbicide application, in soils with contrasting textures (sandy and clayey). No injury symptoms were observed in both cultivars, regardless of soil texture. The cultivar M 734 exhibited the highest values of the agronomic parameters evaluated. The treatment with flumioxazin provided control of more than 90% of the weeds in clayey soil and more than 64% in sandy soil. The yield of both cultivars was lower in the sandy soil. Thus, all herbicide treatments were selective for both cultivars tested, since they did not interfere with sunflower grain yield.
4种除草剂在两个向日葵品种出苗前的杂草防治及选择性研究
向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)是一种产油植物,在巴西非常适合种植。然而,作物的性能受到杂草干扰等因素的影响,主要是因为选择性除草剂选择很少。因此,本研究的目的是评价4种萌发前除草剂对2个向日葵品种在砂质和粘性土壤上的杂草控制和选择性。2个田间试验采用2 × 6因子随机区组设计,采用2个品种(cf101和m734),在质地不同的土壤(沙质和粘土)上分别施用s -甲草胺(1920 g a.i. ha - 1)、磺胺酮(150 g a.i. ha - 1)、氟恶嗪(40 g a.i. ha - 1)和三氟灵(1780 g a.i. ha - 1)和2个对照,一个除草,另一个不除草,不施用除草剂。无论土壤质地如何,两个品种均未观察到损伤症状。品种m734的农艺参数评价值最高。氟恶嗪处理对粘质土壤杂草的防治率达90%以上,对沙质土壤杂草的防治率达64%以上。两个品种在沙质土壤中的产量都较低。因此,所有的除草剂处理都是选择性的,因为它们不会干扰向日葵的籽粒产量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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