Forum on immunopathological diseases and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles: Evolving Contributors in Autoimmunity.","authors":"Stergios Katsiougiannis","doi":"10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2016016491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2016016491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles, including microvesicles, exosomes and apoptotic bodies are recognized as carriers of pathogen-associated molecules with direct involvement in immune signaling and inflammation. Those observations have enforced the way these membranous vesicles are being considered as promising immunotherapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in autoimmunity and highlights their potential use as disease biomarkers as well as targets for the treatment and prevention of autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":89370,"journal":{"name":"Forum on immunopathological diseases and therapeutics","volume":"6 3-4","pages":"163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5396963/pdf/nihms809202.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34936444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fond Memories of John Fahey.","authors":"Roger Detels","doi":"10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2016015391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2016015391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>John Fahey was one of the first investigators to study the then-new acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). He made major contributions to the design of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), and vigorously promoted novel and high-quality science as the MACS evolved. His contributions are highly valued.</p>","PeriodicalId":89370,"journal":{"name":"Forum on immunopathological diseases and therapeutics","volume":"6 1-2","pages":"51-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2016015391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34766385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eulogy to Professor John L. Fahey: My Teacher, Collaborator, and Professional Counselor","authors":"B. Bonavida","doi":"10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2015015263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2015015263","url":null,"abstract":"My family and I were indeed very sad to learn of the early departure of Professor John L. Fahey, an exemplary academic scientist and administrator who contributed significantly to the biological sciences, unraveling many underlying mechanisms of several diseases, including cancer and HIV. His contributions have substantially improved human health worldwide. I was fortunate to meet John for the first time at a 1970 immunology conference in Washington D.C. He had been recruited from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to become the chair of the then department of microbiology and immunology at the School of Medicine. I was a postdoctoral fellow at the Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel, beginning in 1969 after receiving my Ph.D. degree at UCLA under the preceptorship of the late professor Eli Sercarz. John was recruiting new faculty at UCLA, and he requested an interview with me in Washington. During the interview, I was impressed by his vision, charisma, and knowledge and the new strategic program that he had developed for UCLA. Shortly after my interview, I received a formal letter offering me the position of assistant professor under his chairmanship. I accepted the offer and returned to Los Angeles, beginning my career in the fall of 1971. Being a new faculty member, John took me under his wing and helped me to develop my research laboratory, prepare NIH research grants, and provide me with the initial financial support for my research, including research technicians and postdoctoral fellows. Along with other newly appointed faculty, fellows, and graduate students, he organized a weekly group meeting for a multidisciplinary program in immunobiology under the sponsorship of an NIH Program Project that he initiated and ran successfully for many years. With his help, I introduced a new niche of research in cell-mediated immunity and cytotoxicity in the fields of both allotransplantation and cancer. My laboratory continued to grow and be funded by the NIH, and our findings were published in highly refereed journals, initially in collaboration with John. Several of those joint publications are listed below.* With John’s support and help, I was promoted to a tenured position as associate professor and subsequently a full professor.","PeriodicalId":89370,"journal":{"name":"Forum on immunopathological diseases and therapeutics","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2015015263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67440159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface: Microvesicles in Human Diseases and their Role in Intercellular Communication and Signaling","authors":"Federica Vannini, F. Russo","doi":"10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2016016930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2016016930","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this special section is to present the emerging role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in pathophysiology. The concept of EVs has gained increasing importance in biomedicine during the past few years; new questions continue to arise and many older questions are finding new answers. It is our belief that the articles in this special section will attract the interest of many investigators, will provide valuable new information to readers, and will inspire many more studies. Thus, several reviews have been selected to explain the importance of microvesicles in human diseases, analyzing their role from the viewpoint of molecular and cell biology. Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Mediators of Epigenetic Reprogramming. Post-translational modifications of histones or DNA methylation regulate many natural processes, such as embryogenesis or cellular homeostasis, and their alteration can lead to the development of several pathologies, including cancer. This extracellular vesicle–dependent epigenetic reprogramming is well discussed by Anna Lewandowska Ronnegren. Tissue Cross-Talk and Exosomal-MicroRNAs. The interest in EVs has increased further as a result of the discovery of exosomal microRNAs, potential biomarkers for the detection of diseases at an early stage. Micol Marchetti investigates the biochemical and physiological features of exosomes, focusing on the role of microRNAs as tissue cross-talk instruments, a new pathway of cell communication. Extracellular Vesicle–Mediated Transfer of MicroRNAs in Atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular diseases are the most important health problem in the Western world, along with cancer. Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, Federica Vannini and Francesco Russo describe a way to use microRNAs as a biomarker for atherosclerosis, and they identify those that may be important therapeutic targets for clinical applications. Extracellular Vesicles: Evolving Contributors in Autoimmunity. The emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in immune signaling and inflammation are evaluated and discussed by Stergios Katsiougiannis. In particular, he analyzes several autoimmune diseases (i.e., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren’s syndrome, systemic sclerosis and antiphospholipid syndrome), providing new potential therapeutic strategies with the implication of EVs. Exosomes, Ectosomes and the Two Together: Physiology and Pathology. The promising potential of vesicles in therapy should not be restricted to exosomes. Because most functions of cells and tissues are regulated by the cooperation between ectosomes and exosomes, Jacopo Meldolesi explains the different properties of both vesicles, the procedure to isolate them from the mixture of extracellular vesicles, and their important role in physiology and pathology. CircularRNAs and Exosomes: the New Frontier of Cancer Diagnosis. Circular RNAs are important contributors in extracellular vesicles. This class of lo","PeriodicalId":89370,"journal":{"name":"Forum on immunopathological diseases and therapeutics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2016016930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67440281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human T-Cell Development and Thymic Egress: An Infectious Disease Perspective.","authors":"Rachel S Resop, Christel H Uittenbogaart","doi":"10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2015014226","DOIUrl":"10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2015014226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emigration of mature naïve CD4 SP T cells from the human thymus to the periphery is not fully understood, although elucidation of the mechanisms that govern egress of T cells is crucial to understanding both basic immunology and the immune response in diseases such as HIV infection. Recent work has brought to light the requirement for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptors in a variety of fields including mature naïve T-cell egress from the thymus of mice. We are examining the expression and function of this novel requisite T-cell egress receptor within the human thymus, characterizing changes observed in the expression and function of this receptor in infectious diseases. To perform this work, we use a variety of humanized murine models reviewed in this article. Future work in the field of T-cell egress, especially as it pertains to S1P receptors, should advance the fields of basic T-cell immunology and immunopathology and open new avenues for exploration into novel therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":89370,"journal":{"name":"Forum on immunopathological diseases and therapeutics","volume":"6 1-2","pages":"33-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5489135/pdf/nihms861207.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35138575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Activation: Contribution to AIDS-Associated Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.","authors":"Marta Epeldegui,&nbsp;Otoniel Martínez-Maza","doi":"10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2016014177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2016014177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV infection is associated with a greatly elevated risk for the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), which while diminished, remains elevated in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Chronic B cell activation, driven by contact with HIV virions, B cell-stimulatory cytokines, viruses (EBV, HPV, HCV), and by high levels of antigenic stimulation occurs in HIV infected persons, and it is seen at even higher levels in those who go on to develop AIDS-NHL. Evidence from multiple studies indicates that elevated serum levels of several B cell-stimulatory cytokines and biomarkers are seen preceding AIDS-NHL, as well as in immunocompetent persons that develop NHL. Phenotypic changes in circulating B cells also are seen preceding AIDS-NHL, including the expression of AICDA, and of cell-surface molecules and miRNA that are associated with activated B cells. HAART only partially normalizes the immune system of treated HIV⁺ persons as they still show clear evidence for ongoing inflammation and immune activation in, even those who show complete suppression of HIV viremia. Together, this provides ample evidence to support the notion that chronic activation of B cells contributes to the genesis of B cell lymphomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":89370,"journal":{"name":"Forum on immunopathological diseases and therapeutics","volume":"6 1-2","pages":"79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5502768/pdf/nihms850193.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35163532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface: John L. Fahey: Pioneer in New Disciplines of Human Immunology","authors":"O. Martínez-Maza, C. Uittenbogaart","doi":"10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2015015555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2015015555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89370,"journal":{"name":"Forum on immunopathological diseases and therapeutics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2015015555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67439976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinvigorating Exhausted T Cells by Blockade of the PD-1 Pathway.","authors":"Junghwa Lee, Eunseon Ahn, Haydn T Kissick, Rafi Ahmed","doi":"10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2015014188","DOIUrl":"10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2015014188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T-cell exhaustion due to persistent antigen stimulation is a key feature of chronic viral infections and cancer. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a major regulator of T-cell exhaustion, and blocking the PD-1 pathway restores T-cell function and improves pathogen control and tumor eradication. Immunotherapy targeting the PD-1 inhibitory receptor pathway has demonstrated significant antitumor activity. Recently, antibodies blocking PD-1 have been approved for use in cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the role of the PD-1 pathway in chronic infection and cancer and the therapeutic potential of PD-1-directed immunotherapy in patients with chronic infection or cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":89370,"journal":{"name":"Forum on immunopathological diseases and therapeutics","volume":"6 1-2","pages":"7-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5341794/pdf/nihms845622.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34806042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translational Psychoneuroimmunology in Oral Biology and Medicine","authors":"F. Chiappelli, André Barkhordarian, Quyen Bach, G. Demerjian","doi":"10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2016014150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2016014150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89370,"journal":{"name":"Forum on immunopathological diseases and therapeutics","volume":"6 1","pages":"119-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2016014150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67440018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"John L. Fahey: A Man of Many Talents","authors":"J. Zighelboim","doi":"10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2015015358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2015015358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89370,"journal":{"name":"Forum on immunopathological diseases and therapeutics","volume":"6 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1615/FORUMIMMUNDISTHER.2015015358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67440172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}