Biomedical Journal最新文献

{"title":"The synergy of 177Lu-FAPI-46 with tyrosine kinase inhibitor in a sarcoma patient-derived xenograft mouse model","authors":"Jing-Ren Tseng ,&nbsp;Cheng-Lung Hsu ,&nbsp;Hsin-Hua Hsieh ,&nbsp;Kung-Chu Ho ,&nbsp;Yi-Hsiu Chung ,&nbsp;Chun-Yi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2024.100744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2024.100744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Given the heterogeneity and high mortality associated with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma, this study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of combining ¹⁷⁷Lu-FAPI-46 with Pazopanib against this malignancy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-bearing mice were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, the ¹⁷⁷Lu-FAPI-46 monotherapy group, and the ¹⁷⁷Lu-FAPI-46 combined with Pazopanib therapy group. Therapeutic efficacy was regularly monitored.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The microPET imaging showed a 0.84-fold decrease in the T/M ratio of 68Ga-FAPI-46 on day 7/8 post combination therapy, while the control group exhibited a 1.23-fold increase. Combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor proliferation, as evidenced by reduced Ki-67 and increased caspase 3 expressions. Notably, there was no significant body weight loss observed in any group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study successfully demonstrated the reduction in FAP expression and suppression of tumor volume in sarcoma PDX following the combination therapy of ¹⁷⁷Lu-FAPI-46 with Pazopanib.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"47 3","pages":"Article 100744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417024000477/pdfft?md5=d699bc1c7097a9fd7425c027312f9a35&pid=1-s2.0-S2319417024000477-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140903682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The next generation of healthcare ecosystem in the metaverse","authors":"Yong Li ,&nbsp;Dinesh Visva Gunasekeran ,&nbsp;Narrendar RaviChandran ,&nbsp;Ting Fang Tan ,&nbsp;Jasmine Chiat Ling Ong ,&nbsp;Arun James Thirunavukarasu ,&nbsp;Bryce W. Polascik ,&nbsp;Ranya Habash ,&nbsp;Khizer Khaderi ,&nbsp;Daniel S.W. Ting","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2023.100679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2023.100679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Metaverse has gained wide attention for being the application interface for the next generation of Internet. The potential of the Metaverse is growing, as Web 3·0 development and adoption continues to advance medicine and healthcare. We define the next generation of interoperable healthcare ecosystem in the Metaverse. We examine the existing literature regarding the Metaverse, explain the technology framework to deliver an immersive experience, along with a technical comparison of legacy and novel Metaverse platforms that are publicly released and in active use. The potential applications of different features of the Metaverse, including avatar-based meetings, immersive simulations, and social interactions are examined with different roles from patients to healthcare providers and healthcare organizations. Present challenges in the development of the Metaverse healthcare ecosystem are discussed, along with potential solutions including capabilities requiring technological innovation, use cases requiring regulatory supervision, and sound governance. This proposed concept and framework of the Metaverse could potentially redefine the traditional healthcare system and enhance digital transformation in healthcare. Similar to AI technology at the beginning of this decade, real-world development and implementation of these capabilities are relatively nascent. Further pragmatic research is needed for the development of an interoperable healthcare ecosystem in the Metaverse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"47 3","pages":"Article 100679"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417023001166/pdfft?md5=63258882a2d39f807c8d3144e43e3bf2&pid=1-s2.0-S2319417023001166-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138481833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in transplant recipients","authors":"Dorra Elhaj Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Anaïs Hérivaux ,&nbsp;Florent Morio ,&nbsp;Benoit Briard ,&nbsp;Cécile Vigneau ,&nbsp;Guillaume Desoubeaux ,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Bouchara ,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Gangneux ,&nbsp;Gilles Nevez ,&nbsp;Solène Le Gal ,&nbsp;Nicolas Papon","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2024.100719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2024.100719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transplant patients, including solid-organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, are exposed to various types of complications, particularly rejection. To prevent these outcomes, transplant recipients commonly receive long-term immunosuppressive regimens that in turn make them more susceptible to a wide array of infectious diseases, notably those caused by opportunistic pathogens. Among these, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) remain a major cause of mortality and morbidity in both SOT and HSCT recipients. Despite the continuing improvement in early diagnostics and treatments of IFIs, the management of these infections in transplant patients is still complicated. Here, we provide an overview concerning the most recent trends in the epidemiology of IFIs in SOT and HSCT recipients by describing the prominent yeast and mold species involved, the timing of post-transplant IFIs and the risk factors associated with their occurrence in these particularly weak populations. We also give special emphasis into basic research advances in the field that recently suggested a role of the global and long-term prophylactic regimen in orchestrating various biological disturbances in the organism and conditioning the emergence of the most adapted fungal strains to the particular physiological profiles of transplant patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"47 3","pages":"Article 100719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417024000222/pdfft?md5=c62b435bdbb421652262813ad375b8f3&pid=1-s2.0-S2319417024000222-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140777555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of gut fungi in Clostridioides difficile infection","authors":"Lamei Wang ,&nbsp;Yangchun Cao ,&nbsp;Eddie Lou ,&nbsp;Xuanyin Zhao ,&nbsp;Xinhua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2023.100686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2023.100686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Clostridioides difficile,</em> the etiological agent of <em>C. difficile</em> infection (CDI), elicits a spectrum of diarrheal symptoms with varying severity and the potential to result in severe complications such as colonic perforation, pseudomembranous colitis, and toxic megacolon. The perturbation of gut microbiome, often triggered by antibiotic usage, represents the primary factor augmenting the risk of CDI. This underscores the significance of interactions between <em>C. difficile</em> and the microbiome in determining pathogen adaptability. In recent years, researchers have increasingly recognized the pivotal role played by intestinal microbiota in host health and its therapeutic potential as a target for medical interventions. While extensive evidence has been established regarding the involvement of gut bacteria in CDI, our understanding of symbiotic interactions between hosts and fungi within intestinal microbiota remains limited. Herein, we aim to comprehensively elucidate both composition and key characteristics of gut fungal communities that significantly contribute to CDI, thereby enhancing our comprehension from pharmacological and biomarker perspectives while exploring their prospective therapeutic applications for CDI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"47 3","pages":"Article 100686"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417023001233/pdfft?md5=ab1964fe39db322a5608165ba1e185d8&pid=1-s2.0-S2319417023001233-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138573591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the mycobiota: The fungal frontier of human health","authors":"Parvati Iyer ,&nbsp;David M. Ojcius","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2024.100751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2024.100751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The microbiota and its effect on health has been extensively studied over the past decade. In many studies, the term microbiota has become synonymous with the bacterial component of the microbiota. Other microbes in the microbiota, such as viruses and fungi, have been neglected until recently. This special issue provides some background on the mycobiota and explores the role of gut fungi in human diseases such as cancer, metabolic diseases, and infection by <em>Clostridiodes difficile</em>, and describes the incidence of fungal infections in transplant patients. The mycobiota, once overlooked, now garners increasing attention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"47 3","pages":"Article 100751"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417024000544/pdfft?md5=b8b72f63c1e8a6b6abff43d343872727&pid=1-s2.0-S2319417024000544-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic treatments in pancreatic cancer: Taiwan pancreas society recommendation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2023.100696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2023.100696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Over the past decade, significant therapeutic advancements have improved the survival rates of patients with pancreatic cancer. One of the primary factors contributing to these positive outcomes is the evolution of chemotherapy, from monotherapy to doublet or triplet regimens, and the integration of multimodal approaches. Additionally, targeted agents tailored to patients with specific genetic alterations and the development of cell therapies show promise in benefiting certain subpopulations. This article focuses on examining pivotal studies that explore the role of chemotherapy in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, maintenance, and salvage settings; highlights interesting findings related to cell therapy; and provides an overview of ongoing trials concerning metastatic settings. This review primarily aimed to offer recommendations based on therapeutic evidence, recent advancements in new treatment combinations, and the most innovative approaches. A unique aspect of this review is the inclusion of published papers on clinical trials and real-world data in Taiwan, thus adding a valuable perspective to the overall analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"47 3","pages":"Article 100696"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417023001336/pdfft?md5=98f0e24d127c5118a2db9f2e906ba557&pid=1-s2.0-S2319417023001336-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139062201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercellular transfer of MHC molecules in T cell alloimmunity and allotransplantation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2024.100749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2024.100749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After transplantation of allogeneic tissues and organs, recognition by recipient T cells of donor MHC molecules initiates the pro-inflammatory adaptive immune response leading to allograft rejection. T cell allorecognition has long been known to be mediated via two distinct pathways: the <em>direct pathway</em> in which T cells recognize intact allogeneic MHC molecules displayed on donor cells and the <em>indirect pathway</em> whereby T cells recognize donor MHC peptides processed and presented by recipient antigen-presenting cells (APCs). It is believed that direct allorecognition is the driving force behind early acute allograft rejection while indirect allorecognition is involved in chronic allograft rejection, a progressive condition characterized by graft vasculopathy and tissue fibrosis. Recently, we and others have reported that after transplantation of allogeneic skin and organs, donor MHC molecules are transferred from donor cells to the host's APCs via trogocytosis or extracellular vesicles. Recipient APCs having captured donor MHC molecules can either present them to T cells in their intact form on their surface (<em>semi-direct pathway</em>) or the form of peptides bound to self-MHC molecules (indirect pathway). The present article provides an overview of recent studies evaluating the role of intercellular exchange of MHC molecules in T cell alloimmunity and its contribution to allograft rejection and tolerance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"47 5","pages":"Article 100749"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417024000520/pdfft?md5=5e97b85c45ffc848a6e45cd3bc7c9074&pid=1-s2.0-S2319417024000520-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Transthoracic Echocardiography for Acute Type A Aortic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hsin-Tzu Yeh, Sz-Wei Lu, Tzu-Heng Cheng, Jian-Xun Lu, Chien-Han Hsiao, Chieh-Ching Yen","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2024.100747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2024.100747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is currently recognized as the potential first-line imaging test for patients with suspected acute type A aortic syndrome (AAAS). Direct TTE sign for detecting AAAS is positive if there is an intimal flap separating two aortic lumens or aortic wall thickening seen in the ascending aorta. Indirect TTE sign indicates high-risk features of AAAS, such as aortic root dilatation, pericardial effusion, and aortic regurgitation. Our aim is to summarize the existing clinical evidence regarding the diagnostic accuracy of TTE and to evaluate its potential role in the management of patients with suspected AAAS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included prospective or retrospective diagnostic cohort studies, written in any language, that specifically focused on using TTE to diagnose AAAS from databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio [1], and hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic (HSROC) curve were calculated for TTE in diagnosing AAAS. We applied Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy (QUADAS-2) tool and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) quality assessment criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten studies (2886 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of direct TTE signs were 58% (95% CI, 38-76%) and 94% (95% CI, 89-97%). For any TTE signs, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 91% (95% CI, 85-94%) and 74% (95% CI, 61-84%). The diagnostic accuracy of direct TTE signs was significantly higher than that of any TTE signs, as measured by the area under the HSROC curve [0.95 (95% CI, 0.92-0.96) vs. 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.90)] in four studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that TTE could serve as the initial imaging test for patients with suspected AAAS. Given its high specificity, the presence of direct TTE signs may indicate AAAS, whereas the absence of any TTE signs, combined with low clinical suspicion, could suggest a lower likelihood of AAAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"100747"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Mpox in MSM: Tackling Stigma, Minimizing Risk Factors, Exploring Pathogenesis, and Treatment Approaches\".","authors":"Arpan Acharya, Narendra Kumar, Kamal Singh, Siddappa N Byrareddy","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2024.100746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2024.100746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPV), primarily found in Central and West African countries. The typical presentation of the disease before the 2022 mpox outbreak includes a febrile prodrome 5-13 days post-exposure, accompanied by lymphadenopathy, malaise, headache, and muscle aches. Unexpectedly, during the 2022 outbreak, several cases of atypical presentations of the disease were reported, such as the absence of prodromal symptoms and the presence of genital skin lesions suggestive of sexual transmission. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), as of March 20, 2024, 94,707 cases of mpox were reported worldwide, resulting in 181 deaths (22 in African endemic regions and 159 in non-endemic countries). The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports a total of 32,063 cases (33.85% of total cases globally), with 58 deaths (32.04% of global deaths) due to mpox. Person-to-person transmission of mpox can occur through respiratory droplets and sustained close contact. However, during the 2022 outbreak of mpox, a high incidence of anal and perianal lesions among MSMs indicated sexual transmission of MPV as a major route of transmission. Since MSMs are disproportionately at risk for HIV transmission, this review discusses the risk factors, transmission patterns, pathogenesis, vaccine, and treatment options for mpox among MSM and people living with HIV (PLWH). Furthermore, we provide a brief perspective on the evolution of the MPV in immunocompromised people like PLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"100746"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140908124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charting new territory: The Plasmodium falciparum tRNA modification landscape.","authors":"Benjamin Sian Teck Lee, Ameya Sinha, Peter Dedon, Peter Preiser","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2024.100745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2024.100745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ribonucleoside modifications comprising the epitranscriptome are present in all organisms and all forms of RNA, including mRNA, rRNA and tRNA, the three major RNA components of the translational machinery. Of these, tRNA is the most heavily modified and the tRNA epitranscriptome has the greatest diversity of modifications. In addition to their roles in tRNA biogenesis, quality control, structure, cleavage, and codon recognition, tRNA modifications have been shown to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including humans. However, studies investigating the impact of tRNA modifications on gene expression in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are currently scarce. Current evidence shows that the parasite has a limited capacity for transcriptional control, which points to a heavier reliance on strategies for posttranscriptional regulation such as tRNA epitranscriptome reprogramming. This review addresses the known functions of tRNA modifications in the biology of P. falciparum while highlighting the potential therapeutic opportunities and the value of using P. falciparum as a model organism for addressing several open questions related to the tRNA epitranscriptome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"100745"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140908125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}