Clinical and applied immunology reviews最新文献

{"title":"Anti-HIV-1 humoral immune response in Brazilian patients","authors":"Vera Bongertz","doi":"10.1016/S1529-1049(03)00002-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1529-1049(03)00002-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Data on humoral immune response against Brazilian </span>human immunodeficiency virus type 1<span> (HIV-1) isolates have been collected and reviewed in reference to data published in the international literature. The results obtained up to now indicate that the Brazilian humoral immune response can be divided into at least three antibody binding </span></span>serotypes<span>: anti-Bbr, anti -B/F and anti-C/F. No neutralization serotypes have been distinguished up to now, just different degrees of resistance to neutralizing antibody (NAb), similar to data obtained by neutralization analyses of European/North American HIV-1isolates. No correlation between V3 binding antibodies, genotype and HIV-1 NAb could be observed.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":89340,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and applied immunology reviews","volume":"3 6","pages":"Pages 307-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1529-1049(03)00002-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56629709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1529-1049(03)00041-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1529-1049(03)00041-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89340,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and applied immunology reviews","volume":"3 6","pages":"Page IFC"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1529-1049(03)00041-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137309667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volume 3 Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1529-1049(03)00034-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1529-1049(03)00034-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89340,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and applied immunology reviews","volume":"3 6","pages":"Pages 323-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1529-1049(03)00034-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137309668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the vasculogenic phenotype and its associated extracellular matrix in tumor progression Implications for immune surveillance","authors":"Richard E.B. Seftor ,&nbsp;Elisabeth A. Seftor ,&nbsp;Angela R. Hess ,&nbsp;Paul S. Meltzer ,&nbsp;Mary J.C. Hendrix","doi":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00123-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00123-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Cutaneous and uveal melanoma<span><span> provide excellent model systems for studying the processes of tumor progression, tumor cell invasion, metastasis and </span>immunosurveillance. Studies that incorporate both of these models can provide novel insights into how tumor cells of common embryonic origin may respond to different environments and conditions, since </span></span>cutaneous melanoma<span><span> cells appear to metastasize by non-hematogenous (lymphatic) routes while uveal melanoma cells<span> metastasize primarily through the blood. Microarray gene chip analyses have shown that aggressive cutaneous and uveal melanoma<span><span> cells coexpress multiple phenotype-specific genes, which include genes previously thought specific to other cell types. These observations suggested that aggressive melanoma cells may undergo a genetic reversion to a pluripotent, embryonic-like (plastic) phenotype. Vasculogenic mimicry represents a remarkable example of tumor cell plasticity and is characterized by the unusual ability of aggressive human melanoma tumor cells to form tubular structures and patterned networks in three-dimensional culture reminiscent of embryonic </span>vasculogenesis. Furthermore, </span></span></span>extracellular matrices<span> preconditioned by aggressive melanoma cells induce the aggressive, vasculogenic mimicry phenotype in poorly aggressive cells. Microarray analyses also supported previous observations that human leukocyte antigen<span> (HLA) class I molecules are up-regulated and HLA class II molecules are down-regulated in aggressive uveal melanoma cells, which could facilitate an escape from immunosurveillance by natural killer cell activity during hematogenous metastasis. However, the up-regulation of HLA class I and down-regulation of HLA class II on the C8161 aggressive cutaneous melanoma cells compared to the poorly aggressive cutaneous melanoma cells reported in this review is contrary to previously published results for cutaneous melanoma and suggest that the aggressive </span></span></span></span>cutaneous melanoma cell line could have been derived from a metastatic foci developed from a hematogenous (not lymphatic) metastasis. These observations offer unique perspectives regarding the plastic nature of aggressive melanoma cells that will continue to challenge our current thinking of identifying and targeting tumor cells that may masquerade as other cell types, yet may provide new prognostic markers for tumor detection, clinical diagnosis and novel therapeutic intervention strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89340,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and applied immunology reviews","volume":"3 6","pages":"Pages 263-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00123-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56628960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical studies of AIDS and the recognition of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC)","authors":"Frederick P. Siegal M.D.,&nbsp;Michael Shodell Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00156-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00156-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Clinical observations in the natural history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other immunodeficiencies have suggested a role for certain </span>interferon<span><span> (IFN)-producing cells (originally termed NIPC) in the host defense against opportunistic infection (OI). Identification of these cells with the previously described enigmatic cells resident in </span>thymus<span> and T cell areas of lymphoid tissues has led to improved understanding of mechanisms of induction of Th-1 immunity. The NIPC, now referred to as plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells or plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), may carry human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 from the periphery into contact with immature T cells in lymphoid tissue, leading to infection of the T cells and selective ablation of the Th-l pathway. Progressive losses of pDC numbers and function during the course of </span></span></span>HIV infection may eventually deprive the Th-1 pathway of essential IFN-α signaling, in turn needed for an interleukin-12 (IL-12) mediated IFN-γ response. Infection of the thymus by HIV-1 is both resisted, and later probably enhanced by IFN-α locally generated by HIV-stimulated and HIV-infected pDC. The resulting thymic pathology would then lead to failure of peripheral T cell repopulation. These pDC-related processes probably contribute to the pathogenesis of AIDS and explain the original clinical observations relating the IFN-production deficit to susceptibility to OI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89340,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and applied immunology reviews","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 213-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00156-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56629108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xenogeneic thymic replacement to achieve immune restoration in HIV infection","authors":"Megan Sykes ,&nbsp;Valerie Garrigue ,&nbsp;R.Paul Johnson ,&nbsp;Boris Nikolic ,&nbsp;J.Ingacio Rodriguez-Barbosa ,&nbsp;Michael Rosenzweig ,&nbsp;David H Sachs ,&nbsp;Anette Wu ,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Yamada ,&nbsp;Yong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00160-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00160-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>The thymus is a target of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection in humans, and destruction of thymic progenitors and of the thymic </span>microenvironment by HIV may preclude the generation of functional </span>naive T cells to repopulate the peripheral CD4 T cell pool in HIV-infected people. Xenogeneic thymic grafting might provide a useful strategy for overcoming this obstacle, as xenogeneic thymi might resist </span>HIV infection, and xenogeneic donors could provide essentially unlimited amounts of thymic tissue. We have recently demonstrated that a highly disparate (porcine) xenogeneic thymus graft can be used to replace the host thymus to reconstitute CD4</span>⁺ T cells in thymectomized, T cell-depleted mice, and that these CD4⁺<span><span><span> T cells that repopulate the periphery after developing in porcine thymic xenografts are fully functional, confer resistance to </span>opportunistic infections<span><span>, and show specific tolerance to the porcine donor and the recipient. Studies in immunodeficient mice show that porcine thymic tissue is likewise capable of generating mature, functional human T cells from hematopoietic progenitors, and that these human cells are specifically tolerant of the porcine donor. Preliminary studies suggest that porcine thymic tissue may confer resistance to the destructive effects of HIV-1 infection on human thymopoiesis. Attempts to apply this approach in nonhuman primates, including simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected </span>rhesus monkeys, have demonstrated the importance of overcoming the powerful recipient anti-pig T cell response in order to avoid rejection of porcine </span></span>thymic grafts. However, preliminary results provide encouragement that a tolerant primate T cell repertoire could be generated in a porcine thymic xenograft if this initial immune response were fully prevented.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":89340,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and applied immunology reviews","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 167-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00160-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56629412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and construction of T-lymphocyte epitope-based therapeutic HIV-1 vaccines","authors":"Mark J Newman ,&nbsp;Dennis McKinney ,&nbsp;Robert Chesnut ,&nbsp;Alessandro Sette ,&nbsp;Cara Wilson ,&nbsp;Brian Livingston","doi":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00161-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00161-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The demonstration that highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) can control human immunodeficiency virus type 1<span> (HIV-1) viral replication and the associated destruction of the immune system provides an opportunity to implement therapeutic vaccine strategies. The Epimmune approach is based on separate vaccine immunogens designed to induce, or augment, helper T-lymphocyte (HTL) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responsiveness when administered in conjunction with HAART. The vaccines are composed of carefully selected, minimal HTL or CTL epitopes. Vaccines composed of multiple epitopes can be produced and delivered using different formats, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) plasmid-based vaccines and recombinant proteins.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":89340,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and applied immunology reviews","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 157-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00161-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56629483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV therapies: Bench to bedside","authors":"Mary Weideman","doi":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00163-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00163-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89340,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and applied immunology reviews","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 155-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00163-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56629671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The modulation of immunity by dendritic cells","authors":"Nina Bhardwaj M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00159-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00159-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>T cell immunity is initiated by specialized antigen presenting cells known as dendritic cells (DCs). Antigen-pulsed DCs have been used to induce anti-tumor T cell and clinical responses in humans, apparently without significant toxicity. Under certain conditions, DCs even silence T cell immune responses in vivo. Therefore, DCs may be valuable tools for modulating immunity in the setting of autoimmunity, cancer, and chronic viral infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89340,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and applied immunology reviews","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 173-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00159-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56629788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel ribozyme, RNA decoy, and siRNA approaches to inhibition of HIV in a gene therapy setting","authors":"Alessandro Michienzi ,&nbsp;Daniela Castanotto ,&nbsp;Nancy Lee ,&nbsp;Shirley Li ,&nbsp;John A. Zaia ,&nbsp;John J. Rossi","doi":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00155-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00155-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>At present, treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection employs highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), which utilizes a combination of retroviral therapy (RT) and protease inhibitors </span><span>[1]</span><span>. Unfortunately, HIV can escape many therapies because of its high mutation rate and the complexity of its pathogenesis. HIV-1 integrates into the cellular genome, which facilitates persistence and acts as a reservoir for reactivation and replication. As an alternative or adjuvant to chemotherapy we have been developing a ribonucleic acid (RNA) based gene therapy approach for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Dr. Narva Sarver was a visionary and an activist who saw the potential for gene therapy as a long term treatment for HIV-1 infection </span><span>[2]</span><span><span><span>. She was a strong proponent of RNA based gene therapy, in particular ribozyme gene therapy for HIV-1 treatment. Working in close communication with Dr. Sarver over the past several years we have investigated gene therapy approaches that employ the use of anti-HIV </span>ribozymes to </span>control viral replication<span> in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. This article summarizes our past work, as well as describing new technologies being developed for application in a gene therapy setting.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":89340,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and applied immunology reviews","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 223-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1529-1049(02)00155-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56629042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}