The open addiction journal最新文献_第7页

Breath Holding Predicts Reduced Smoking Intake but Not Quitting 屏气预示着吸烟量减少，但不能预示戒烟

The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2010-01-13 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001003010039

D. Welch, R. Mcgee

{"title":"Breath Holding Predicts Reduced Smoking Intake but Not Quitting","authors":"D. Welch, R. Mcgee","doi":"10.2174/1874941001003010039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941001003010039","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cigarette smokers who attempt to quit may or may not relapse. Previous research has shown that breath-holding ability predicts successful quitting, and it has been suggested that breath-holding ability may be a marker of tolerance for uncomfortable physiological symptoms. Methods: We measured breath-holding ability and smoking in a large general-population birth cohort from age 21 to age 32. Results: Cross-sectionally, at age 21, breath-holding ability was greater in males who had quit smoking than in either current or non-smokers, while no such differences were observed amongst females. On the other hand, no prospective associations were detected between breath-holding ability and quitting smoking by age 32. Pack years smoked was lower amongst male smokers with better breath-holding ability at age 32. Discussion: While the cross-sectional finding in males was consistent with the hypothesis that those with more tolerance for breath holding would be more successful at quitting, there was no long-term effect to age 32. On the other hand, breath-holding was associated with reduced intake over time in males. A behavioural mechanism whereby longer breath holders smoke less because of a greater tolerance for the physical discomfort associated with intervals between cigarettes is consistent with these findings.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"39-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68096145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Reward Seeking as a Predictor of Drug Use in Youth: Effect of Gender and Social Environment 寻求奖励对青少年吸毒的预测:性别和社会环境的影响

The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2010-01-05 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001003010001

G. Knyazev

引用次数: 6

Amino Acids in Pathological Gambling and in its Alleviation: Pharmacological Approaches 氨基酸在病理性赌博及其缓解:药理学方法

The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2010-01-05 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001003010009

R. Gupta

{"title":"Amino Acids in Pathological Gambling and in its Alleviation: Pharmacological Approaches","authors":"R. Gupta","doi":"10.2174/1874941001003010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941001003010009","url":null,"abstract":"Labelling Pathological gambling (PG) with a tag of Socio-Psychological problem more than medical causes hampers its pharmacological treatment. Because of this, its neurobiology has been studied only a little, limited to abnormalities in the serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems. Besides this; studies on the role of precursors of these neurotransmitters are almost negligible. Higher concentrations of known precursors like tryptophan, tyrosine and phenyl alanine have been reported in the CSF of pathological gamblers. In addition to this, recently many other inhibitory and excitatory amino acids like GABA, taurine, aspartic and glutamic acids have been found to be in much higher concentration, providing a basis for the candidate amino acids in the therapy of PG. Many of these amino acids have beneficial actions in a number of CNS problems. On this basis, as most of these amino acids are non-toxic and natural, such amino acids can be used as supplements /compliments in PG therapy. One of these amino acids, taurine, a sulfur containing amino acid which is now part of various energy drinks, anti-ageing and anti-diabetes formulas, mood enhancers and many more alternative medicine applications, also could exert beneficial actions in alleviating PG. Therapy with amino acids also has its own limitations; hence development of pro-drug derivatives of these amino acids may constitute a new class of therapeutic agent for PG. This review is a blended form of synthesis and synopsis about various amino acids in the context of PG, considering their potential utility and providing a provocative stimulus for scientific thinkers.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"9-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68096089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Potent Effect of Environmental Context on Relapse to Alcohol-Seeking After Extinction. 环境背景对灭绝后嗜酒复发的有力影响。

The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001003010076

Patricia H Janak, Nadia Chaudhri

{"title":"The Potent Effect of Environmental Context on Relapse to Alcohol-Seeking After Extinction.","authors":"Patricia H Janak, Nadia Chaudhri","doi":"10.2174/1874941001003010076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941001003010076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environments in which the pharmacological effects of alcohol have been experienced become potent triggers for relapse in abstinent humans. Animal models developed to study the effect of environmental contexts on relapse to alcohol-seeking behavior demonstrate that alcohol-seeking is renewed by exposure to an alcohol-associated context, following the extinction of alcohol-seeking in a different context. Hence, contexts in which alcohol conditioning and extinction learning occur can be critical determinants for whether or not alcohol-seeking behavior is observed. This review summarizes preclinical research to date examining the role of alcohol contexts on the reinstatement of extinguished responding for alcohol. Behavioral studies have elucidated factors that are important for eliciting context-dependent relapse, and have uncovered novel interactions between alcohol-seeking driven by discrete alcohol cues in different contexts. Neuropharmacological studies provide substantial evidence for a role of dopaminergic systems in context-dependent reinstatement, and growing support for opioidergic mechanisms as well. Several key limbic brain regions have been identified in the modulation of alcohol-seeking by context, supporting a proposed neural circuit that includes the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, basolateral amygdala, lateral hypothalamus, and the paraventricular thalamus.</p>","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"3 ","pages":"76-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995923/pdf/nihms222543.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29514369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Undiagnosed Drug Misuse among Admissions to Psychiatric Day Treatment and Prediction of Early Exit. 精神科日间治疗入院未确诊药物滥用及早期退出预测。

The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001003010102

Stephen Magura, Jessaca Spybrook, Andrew Rosenblum, Chunki Fong, Cherie Villano, Howard S Vogel, Thomas Betzler

引用次数: 4

The Role of N-Acetylcysteine in Inhibiting Responding During Extinction in Rats Trained to Self-Administer Cocaine. n -乙酰半胱氨酸在自我给药大鼠灭绝过程中抑制反应的作用。

The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001003010088

Steven D LaRowe, Peter W Kalivas

引用次数: 0

Biomarkers to Predict Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures - A Review of Current Literature 预测酒精戒断发作的生物标志物——当前文献综述

The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2009-10-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874941000902010034

T. Hillemacher, J. Cramer, A. Hintzen, D. Karagülle, S. Bleich

引用次数: 1

The Validity of Street Terms Used to Monitor the Australian Methamphetamine Market 用于监测澳大利亚冰毒市场的街头术语的有效性

The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2009-10-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874941000902010030

R. Mcketin, Jennifer McLaren, E. Kelly

{"title":"The Validity of Street Terms Used to Monitor the Australian Methamphetamine Market","authors":"R. Mcketin, Jennifer McLaren, E. Kelly","doi":"10.2174/1874941000902010030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941000902010030","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To validate the street terminology used to describe the various forms of methamphetamine used in Australia, namely 'speed' (powder methamphetamine), 'base' (a damp or oily product) and 'crystal meth' or 'ice' (crystalline methamphetamine). Materials and Methodology: Regular methamphetamine users (N = 309) were asked which form of methamphetamine they took on their last use occasion, and this was coded as: (a) speed/powder, (b) base, (c) crystal/ice or (d) other. Participants were then asked to identify which form of methamphetamine they used from an identification sheet that included photographs of each form of the drug. Receiver Operating Characteristics were used to determine the concordance between street terms and photographs of each form of methamphetamine. Results: Street terms identified each respective form of methamphetamine in at least 85% of cases. However, these terms were more accurate in identifying crystalline methamphetamine (specificity 97%, sensitivity 93%) than other forms of the drug (speed/powder: specificity 92%, sensitivity 89%; base: specificity 92%, sensitivity 65%). This typology missed 12% of methamphetamine use occasions. Conclusion: Street terminology can accurately identify crystalline methamphetamine in Australia, but caution is needed when using the terms 'speed' and 'base' to monitor these respective forms of the drug.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"30-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68095998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Delayed Onset Parkinsonism in Alcoholic Patient Following ARDS: Alcoholism could be a Risk Factor 酒精中毒患者急性呼吸窘迫综合征后的延迟性帕金森病:酒精中毒可能是一个危险因素

The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2009-10-20 DOI: 10.2174/1874941000902010028

P. Desaive, B. Dan, C. Kornreich

引用次数: 0

MDMA: Neurohormonal, Neurocognitive, and Psychobiological Aspects of Recreational Ecstasy MDMA:娱乐性摇头丸的神经激素、神经认知和心理生物学方面

The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2009-09-16 DOI: 10.2174/1874941000902010024

A. Parrott, J. Broadbear, R. Bruno, L. Degenhardt, Kate Morefield, A. Scholey

引用次数: 0