The open addiction journal最新文献

{"title":"Co-Occurring Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Opioid Dependence: A Role for Buprenorphine","authors":"I. Danovitch, S. Comer, M. Sullivan","doi":"10.2174/1874941000902010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941000902010021","url":null,"abstract":"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent among individuals addicted to opioids and complicates the course of illness and treatment response. Evidence-based treatments for patients with co-occurring opioid abuse and PTSD are lacking. Furthermore, little is known about the potential benefits of partial agonist therapy for these co-occurring conditions. We report the case of a patient with PTSD and opioid dependence, who experienced substantial symptomatic improvement with buprenorphine. We conclude that screening for PTSD in the opioid-abusing population is imperative, that buprenorphine may have important therapeutic benefits, and that future studies should examine the efficacy of partial-agonist opioids for concurrent PTSD and opioid dependence.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"21-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68095928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensation Seeking and Adolescent Cigarette Smoking: Examining Multiple Pathways in Cross-Sectional Data","authors":"Smita C. Banerjee, K. Greene","doi":"10.2174/1874941000902010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941000902010012","url":null,"abstract":"This study applies Jessor and Jessor's problem behavior theory to examine factors predicting adolescent smok- ing behavior both directly and indirectly. Measures include adolescent smoking and other psychosocial variables includ- ing sensation seeking, peer smoking behavior, parental monitoring, and delinquent behaviors. Middle school students (N = 260) from two schools in the northeast United States participated in the study. The results indicate that sensation seeking and parental monitoring contribute to adolescent smoking indirectly, through the mediation of peer smoking behavior and engagement in delinquent behaviors. Peer smoking behavior and delinquent behaviors predict adolescent smoking di- rectly. Implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68095917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) is associated with attentional bias in heroin abusers and cigarette smokers","authors":"J. Lusher, C. Chandler, D. Ball","doi":"10.2174/1874941000902010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941000902010006","url":null,"abstract":"The search for a genetic vulnerability gene for substance abuse has focused on dopaminergic genes, including the DRD4 receptor. In addition to clear biological mechanisms in substance abuse, many studies have found a psychologi- cal attentional bias to drug-related stimuli in substance users. This study aimed to determine whether a DRD4 gene poly- morphism is associated with such attentional biases to substance-related stimuli. Eighty heroin abusers in treatment, 80 cigarette smokers, 80 alcohol abusers in treatment and 80 non-smoking community controls undertook an emotional Stroop task to measure attentional bias to drug-related stimuli. DNA was obtained from cheek cell samples and the DRD4 VNTR polymorphism genotyped. Heroin abusers and cigarette smokers, but not controls, who carried the long variant at the DRD4 gene spent significantly longer responding to drug-related stimuli than they did to neutral stimuli when com- pared to those who did not carry the long variant at the DRD4 gene. A non-significant trend to delay was observed in al- coholics. These findings suggest that variants at the DRD4 gene influence attentional bias in substance abusers and offer further insight into the role of the DRD4 gene in drug dependence as well as individual differences in the susceptibility to attentional bias to drug-related environmental cues.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68095884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Use, Personality and Partner Violence: A Model of Separate, Additive, Contributions in an Active Drug User Sample.","authors":"Adi Jaffe,&nbsp;William C Pedersen,&nbsp;Dennis G Fisher,&nbsp;Grace L Reynolds,&nbsp;Scott L Hershberger,&nbsp;Steve Reise,&nbsp;Peter Bentler","doi":"10.2174/1874941000902010039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941000902010039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug use is considered a main contributing factor to crime and violence. This research examined the evidence regarding the relationship between drug abuse and the occurrence of intimate partner violence. Current drug using men were assessed on aggression related personality variables, their drug use, and the occurrence of violence in their close relationships. A latent aggression factor and recent amphetamine use were the only variables found to be significantly associated with violence. No other drug use variables were found to be associated with violence by the participant and the overall drug use factor was not found to be associated with violence or aggressive personality. The widely accepted notion that increased substance use directly leads to increases in violent behavior was only partially supported, at least within this drug using population. The assessment of aggressive personality, rather than of drug use, is suggested for correctional as well as clinical settings in which drug users are prevalent when determining susceptibility to violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"2 ","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001760/pdf/nihms-207135.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29541832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention in Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A Preliminary Analysis of the Role of Transfers Between Methadone Prescribing Physicians","authors":"C. Strike, W. Gnam, K. Urbanoski, B. Fischer, D. Marsh, M. Millson","doi":"10.2174/1874941000801010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941000801010010","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the impact of transfers between methadone treatment prescribing physicians on 1-year retention. Episode data (n=13,359; 1996 to 2001) drawn from a Canadian population-based methadone registry were analysed using a binary logistic regression model. The odds ratios for remaining in treatment for 365 days or more decreased for repeated episodes of treatment, but increased with age and number of transfers. The positive effect of the number of transfers was non-linear and tended to level off with higher numbers of transfers. Analyses indicate that transfers between prescribing physicians may play an important role in prolonging methadone maintenance treatment.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"10-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68095861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demoralization in opioid dependent patients : a comparative study with cancer patients and community subjects","authors":"C.A.J. de Jong, D. Kissane, R. J. Geessink, D. V. D. Velden","doi":"10.2174/1874941000801010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941000801010007","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study existential distress or demoralization expressed as meaninglessness and helplessness in opioid de- pendent patients. Method: Comparison of existential distress between opioid dependent patients (n=131), patients with advanced cancer (n=100) and a community based sample without severe psychiatric or somatic disorders (n=190) as measured with the De- moralization Scale. Results: Community controls without somatic or psychiatric disorders have significantly lower scores on all Demoralization Subscales. Opioid dependent patients are strikingly more demoralized than patients with cancer. Conclusion: Opioid dependent patients suffer from severe existential distress (meaninglessness, helplessness) which can ex- plain the high prevalence of suicide in this group.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"7-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68095817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buprenorphine- and Methadone Maintenance Treatment: Influence on Aspects of Cognitive and Memory Performance","authors":"S. Giacomuzzi, C. Thill, Y. Riemer, K. Garber, M. Ertl","doi":"10.2174/1874941000801010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941000801010005","url":null,"abstract":"Our randomized study investigated neurocognitive performance, such as working memory, verbal and figural memory, executive functions and psychomotor speed of opioid-dependent patients within a permanent maintenance treatment programme. Our results indicate that buprenorphine preserve cognitive functions better than methadone, at least when benzo- diazepine comedication is used. Buprenorphine-treated patients showed significantly better results compared to methadone patients in the verbal memory performance, and this even for the verbal list learning (p = 0.007) as for the delayed recall of the words (p = 0.012). Furthermore the buprenorphine maintained persons showed statistically significant the more favour- able scores in the working memory performance for figural material (digit symbol test, HAWIE-R) (p = 0.021). Our results indicate a better cognitive performance also after a longer substitution time and results cannot easily be attributed to an \"only\" transient opioid switching effect. Continued research is still needed to confirm the less impairment on cognitive functions.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68095808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimentation and Stages of Acquisition for Tobacco Consumption in Spanish Adolescents","authors":"S. Font-Mayolas, M. Gras, M. Planes","doi":"10.2174/1874941000801010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941000801010001","url":null,"abstract":"One area which has been largely neglected when studying the acquisition of addiction to smoking with the transtheoretical model is whether the individual had previously experimented with smoking. The importance of including the experimentation variable was supported by this research.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68095771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonfatal Bicycle Accident Risk After an Evening of Alcohol Consumption","authors":"J. Verster, J. V. Herwijnen, E. Volkerts, B. Olivier","doi":"10.2174/1874941000902010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941000902010001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: After an evening of alcohol consumption, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) may reach intoxica- tion levels above legal limits for operating a car or bicycle. In the Netherlands, legal limits for participating in traffic are 0.05% for experienced drivers and 0.02% for novice drivers. The purpose of this study was to determine bicycle accident risk of Dutch students after an evening of alcohol consumption. Methods: A survey was conducted among 800 University and college students in Utrecht, The Netherlands. The survey included retrospective questions concerning alcohol consumption on a typical night out and the start and end time of con- sumption. For those who travel home by bicycle, BAC was computed and relative risk of having a bicycle accident. Fi- nally, they reported the likelihood (0 - 100 %) that they would consume less alcohol when police controls for drunk bicy- cling were comparable to those for car drivers (with a similar chance of getting caught and a similar fine for driving when drunk). Results: 761 surveys (95.3 %) were eligible for statistical evaluation. 690 students reported going to the pub for a night out, on average 1.6 times per week. 445 students (64.5 %) reported traveling home by bicycle often or always. They re- ported drinking an average of 6.8 alcoholic drinks (Standardized drinks contain 12 gram alcohol) and their mean (SD) BAC when traveling home was 0.95 (0.9)%. The percentage of past year accidents or injury among those traveling home by bicycle often or always but consumed no alcohol (BAC=0%) was 2%. Alcohol consumption significantly increased the risk of bicycle accidents (Odds ratio: 6.8). Odds ratio of having a bicycle accident increased exponentially when having a higher BAC: 2.5 (BAC = 0-0.2%), 6.8 (BAC = 0.2-0.5%), 6.0 (BAC = 0.5-1.0%), 16.4 (BAC = 1.0-1.5%) and 11.1 (BAC > 1.5%). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant (p<0.006) relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of a bicycle accident. Students who travel home by bicycle report that there is a 41.9% chance that they will consume less alcohol on a night out when police controls for driving drunk are the same as for car drivers. This was not related to BAC levels. Conclusions: On average, students have blood alcohol concentrations that are five-fold higher than allowed to participate in traffic. Nevertheless, most of them travel home by bicycle after an evening of alcohol consumption. This is of great concern, since the risk of having a bicycle accident increases with higher BAC levels.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68095870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education, persuasion and the reduction of alcohol-related harm: a reply to Craplet","authors":"J. Rehm, T. Babor, R. Room","doi":"10.5167/UZH-95507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5167/UZH-95507","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"452-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70665096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}