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Attenuating Glial Activation with Minocycline Reduces the Hyperthermic Response to 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) In the Rat 二甲胺四环素降低大鼠对3,4 -亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺(MDMA)的高温反应
The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2011-03-29 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001104010004
P. Anderson, M. Hutchinson, R. Irvine, A. Salem
{"title":"Attenuating Glial Activation with Minocycline Reduces the Hyperthermic Response to 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) In the Rat","authors":"P. Anderson, M. Hutchinson, R. Irvine, A. Salem","doi":"10.2174/1874941001104010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941001104010004","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperthermia is a key clinical outcome from recreational use of MDMA and is the leading cause of MDMA related hospital admissions as well as being linked to enhanced neurotoxicity [1, 2]. Animal models of ischemia which also display hyperthermia have shown an inflammatory process mediated by microglia and the release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1(IL-1 ) play a role in hyperthermicreactions [3]. Previous studies showed that microglia is prominently activated and IL-1 levels increased following MDMA administration [4], lending support to the hypothesis microglia play a role in MDMA induced hyperthermia. Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic with powerful anti-inflammatory properties, thought to be a result of its ability to attenuate glial activation [5]. This study examined whether preventing microglial activation through the administration of minocycline could limit or prevent the hyperthermia induced by MDMA.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68096630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Role of Serotonin in Low Level Visual Processes, as Revealed by Using an "Ecstasy" (MDMA)-Based Research Model 使用“摇头丸”(MDMA)为基础的研究模型揭示了血清素在低水平视觉过程中的作用
The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2011-03-29 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001104010012
J. Brown, R. Bruno, M. Edwards, Clare Dickson, C. White, E. Murray, E. Tran
{"title":"The Role of Serotonin in Low Level Visual Processes, as Revealed by Using an \"Ecstasy\" (MDMA)-Based Research Model","authors":"J. Brown, R. Bruno, M. Edwards, Clare Dickson, C. White, E. Murray, E. Tran","doi":"10.2174/1874941001104010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941001104010012","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of evidence suggests that regular ‘ecstasy’ (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA) use causes lasting changes to central serotonergic functioning in humans, including in the occipital lobe. Brown, Edwards, et al. [1] proposed that MDMA-related serotonergic changes in the occipital lobe may reduce lateral inhibition between occipital neurons involved in low level visual perception, resulting in broadening the tuning bandwidths of those neurons.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68096766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Comparison of MDMA and Amphetamine in the Drug Discrimination Paradigm MDMA与安非他明在药物鉴别范式中的比较
The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2011-03-29 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001104010022
D. Harper, A. Crowther, S. Schenk
{"title":"A Comparison of MDMA and Amphetamine in the Drug Discrimination Paradigm","authors":"D. Harper, A. Crowther, S. Schenk","doi":"10.2174/1874941001104010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941001104010022","url":null,"abstract":"This study used the Drug Discrimination paradigm to assess the relative subjective experience of acutely administered 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and d-amphetamine (AMPH). In this paradigm rats are required to respond on one lever if they have been given a specific drug (AMPH for one group of rats or MDMA for another group) vs an alternate lever if they have been administered saline prior to a session. Generalisation and substitution testing was used to establish the extent to which rats previously trained to discriminate saline vs MDMA responded to novel exposure of AMPH. Likewise, we examined the extent to which rats previously trained to discriminate saline vs AMPH responded to novel exposure to MDMA. Previous research [1, 2] has demonstrated that rats can learn to discriminate MDMA from amphetamine, thus it was expected that only partial, if any, generalisation would be observed when exposed to an untrained novel drug. In addition, we examined the effect of concurrent administration of the D1 antagonist SCH23390 had on discrimination performance in both groups.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"22-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68096948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Contribution of Ecstasy Dependence and Stress to Ecstasy/MDMARelated Psychiatric Symptoms 摇头丸依赖和压力对摇头丸/ mdma相关精神症状的影响
The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2011-03-29 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001104010028
R. Milani, J. Turner, A. Parrott
{"title":"The Contribution of Ecstasy Dependence and Stress to Ecstasy/MDMARelated Psychiatric Symptoms","authors":"R. Milani, J. Turner, A. Parrott","doi":"10.2174/1874941001104010028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941001104010028","url":null,"abstract":"Tel: 0044 (0) 793 142 8813; E-mail: Raffaella.Milani@tvu.ac.uk MDMA’s neurotoxic potential [2]. However, there are still many areas of uncertainty. This study investigated the relative contributions of dosage, perceived stress, age, gender, family psychiatric history, and Ecstasy dependency, to the psychopathological profiles of a non-clinical polydrug cohort. Table 1. Multiple Regression Analysis Results","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"28-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68097026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Prospective memory: the influence of ecstasy, cannabis and nicotine use and the WWW 前瞻记忆:摇头丸、大麻和尼古丁使用和WWW的影响
The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2011-03-29 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001104010044
J. Rodgers, Thomas A Buchanan, A. Scholey, T. Heffernan, J. Ling, A. Parrott
{"title":"Prospective memory: the influence of ecstasy, cannabis and nicotine use and the WWW","authors":"J. Rodgers, Thomas A Buchanan, A. Scholey, T. Heffernan, J. Ling, A. Parrott","doi":"10.2174/1874941001104010044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941001104010044","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this investigation was to extend our previous work and establish whether the findings reported previously [1-3] of self reports of memory difficulties associated with ecstasy use can be replicated. A web-based methodology was adopted due to the significant advantages such techniques may confer when trying to reach a specialized population or address questions that people might be reluctant to answer (e.g. pertaining to illegal drug use) using traditional research methods [2, 4]. We investigated factors which may contribute to self-rated memory problems in ecstasy users.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"44-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68097286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Individual Differences in Acute Responses to MDMA in Humans: Effects of Sex and Past Ecstasy Use 人类对MDMA急性反应的个体差异:性别和过去使用摇头丸的影响
The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2011-03-29 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001104010006
G. Bedi, H. Wit
{"title":"Individual Differences in Acute Responses to MDMA in Humans: Effects of Sex and Past Ecstasy Use","authors":"G. Bedi, H. Wit","doi":"10.2174/1874941001104010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941001104010006","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about factors affecting individual differences in acute response to ±3, 4-methlyenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ‘ecstasy’). To our knowledge, only one prior report has documented such differences in humans after controlled MDMA administration [1]. In that report, females had greater hallucinogenic and negative psychological responses to MDMA, whereas males showed greater cardiovascular responses. Here, we assessed sex differences in acute subjective and cardiovascular responses to MDMA (0.75mg/kg; 1.5mg/kg). In addition, because animal studies indicate that prior MDMA exposure produces lasting reductions in behavioral responses to the drug [2], we also examined effects of cumulative lifetime ecstasy use on acute MDMA effects.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"6-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68096685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
An Increase in Post-Reinforcer ‘Preference Pulses’ Underlies an MDMAInduced Increase in Reinforcer Sensitivity Following Acute but Not Chronic Exposure 在急性而非慢性暴露后，强化物后“偏好脉冲”的增加是mdma诱导的强化物敏感性增加的基础
The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2011-03-29 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001104010026
D. Harper, M. Hunt
{"title":"An Increase in Post-Reinforcer ‘Preference Pulses’ Underlies an MDMAInduced Increase in Reinforcer Sensitivity Following Acute but Not Chronic Exposure","authors":"D. Harper, M. Hunt","doi":"10.2174/1874941001104010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941001104010026","url":null,"abstract":"Both acute and chronic exposure to 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is associated with impairments in a range of conditional discrimination tasks that reflect memory function, decision making and self-control [1-3]. However, the mechanism by which MDMA decreases performance in these tasks is not clear. One interpretation of such findings has been that overall stimulus control is impaired (i.e., rats have trouble discriminating between response options and/or which reinforcers were associated with which stimulus-response option). This might underlie the observed overall drop in discrimination across all delays in DMTS tasks. Should this be the case then it would be expected that rats would also display a reduced molar sensitivity to overall reinforcer ratios arranged across concurrently available response alternatives.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"26-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68097014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
“What Goes Up Must Come Down”: Exploring the Harms Experienced By a Group of Heavy Ecstasy Users in Melbourne and Discussing the Implications for Harm Reduction “上升的必然下降”:探索墨尔本一群重度摇头丸使用者所经历的危害，并讨论减少危害的含义
The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2011-03-29 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001104010040
A. Pennay
{"title":"“What Goes Up Must Come Down”: Exploring the Harms Experienced By a Group of Heavy Ecstasy Users in Melbourne and Discussing the Implications for Harm Reduction","authors":"A. Pennay","doi":"10.2174/1874941001104010040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941001104010040","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents findings from an ethnographic study of a group of young recreational drug users in Melbourne. This group of young recreational drug users derived many benefits from their ecstasy and other drug use, including sociability and pleasure; however, they also experienced a range of harms from their frequent drug use. This paper discusses these harms and then reflects on the implications for harm reduction policy.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"40-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68097753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
National Trends in Ecstasy and Related Drug Markets around Australia 澳洲摇头丸及相关毒品市场的全国趋势
The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2011-03-29 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001104010054
N. Sindicich, J. Cassar, L. Burns
{"title":"National Trends in Ecstasy and Related Drug Markets around Australia","authors":"N. Sindicich, J. Cassar, L. Burns","doi":"10.2174/1874941001104010054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941001104010054","url":null,"abstract":"2. RESULTS Ecstasy has significantly decreased in preference for REU in relation to drug of choice (52% in 2003 vs 42% in 2009, 95% CI 0.148, 0.049, p<0.001,), concurrently, alcohol has significantly increased in preference (3% in 2003 vs 15% in 2009, 95% CI -0.106, -0.06, p<0.05) over the time period 2003 and 2009. Decrease in purity and availability of ecstasy has been reported by REU. Other national data sources have also reported this decrease with the number of MDMA detections at the Australian border having decreased by over 50%, from 116","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68097429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Cocaine vs Ecstasy/MDMA: Comparative Effects on Mood and Cognition in Recreational Users 可卡因与摇头丸/MDMA:对娱乐性使用者情绪和认知的比较影响
The open addiction journal Pub Date : 2011-03-29 DOI: 10.2174/1874941001104010036
A. Parrott, L. Evans, J. Howells, R. Robart
{"title":"Cocaine vs Ecstasy/MDMA: Comparative Effects on Mood and Cognition in Recreational Users","authors":"A. Parrott, L. Evans, J. Howells, R. Robart","doi":"10.2174/1874941001104010036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874941001104010036","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Cocaine powder has overtaken Ecstasy/MDMA in popularity as a recreational party drug in the UK [1]. However there is comparatively little empirical data on its mood or cognitive performance effects. This report describes the findings from three studies comparing Ecstasy users, cocaine powder users, and non-user controls. The three studies involved a variety of mood scales, self-rating questionnaires, and cognitive performance tasks.","PeriodicalId":89289,"journal":{"name":"The open addiction journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"36-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68097694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
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