Biomarkers最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating a data-driven approach to biomarker discovery for tumor-targeted imaging in epithelial ovarian cancer.","authors":"Lysanne D A N de Muynck, Peter J K Kuppen, Eva M de Ronde, Tom B Kuipers, Hailiang Mei, Tjalling Bosse, Alexander L Vahrmeijer, Katja N Gaarenstroom, Inge T A Peters","doi":"10.1080/1354750X.2026.2620723","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1354750X.2026.2620723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), surgical outcome is the strongest prognostic factor for survival. However, estimating intra-abdominal tumor burden to plan optimal treatment strategies remains challenging. Moreover, metastases can remain undetected during surgery via visual and tactile inspection. Tumor-targeted molecular imaging has the potential to improve tumor cell identification pre- and intraoperatively. While targeting folate receptor-alpha (FRα) shows promise, other specific biomarkers are needed.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> This study evaluates a novel, data-driven approach using RNA expression data to identify new target proteins for tumor-targeted imaging in EOC. A knowledge platform was utilized to search omics-databases for membrane proteins expressed in EOC but absent or minimally expressed in surrounding tumor-negative and inflammatory cells.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> Differential gene expression analysis identified highly expressed genes, which were validated through immunohistochemistry. Two new genes were identified: VTCN1 and AQP5, encoding for proteins B7-H4 and AQP5, respectively. Immunohistochemical validation showed that B7-H4 expression aligned with RNA levels, indicating its potential as a new target. In contrast, there was a discrepancy in AQP5 expression at the protein level compared to its gene counterpart.</p><p><p><b>Discussion:</b> While this approach was valuable in identifying novel targets for tumor targeted imaging of EOC, immunohistochemistry or cell studies remain imperative for validation of RNA expression results.</p>","PeriodicalId":8921,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers","volume":" ","pages":"80-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the protective effects of selenium against iron overload-induced toxicity in rats using a multiple-markers approach.","authors":"Ateeqah Ghayth Alzwawy, Abdelhafidh Khazri, Ahmed Kouki, Manel Ben Ali, Mossadok Ben-Attia, Ezzeddine Mahmoudi, Mohsen Sakly, Badreddine Sellami","doi":"10.1080/1354750X.2025.2596015","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1354750X.2025.2596015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iron overload can promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and different human diseases. The trace element selenium has biological functions and can act as both an antioxidant and a prooxidant. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of selenium against iron overload-induced toxicity in rats. Adult Wistar rats were exposed to three increasing concentrations of iron (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]), either alone or in combination with selenium (0.5 mg/kg b.w.).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The biological interactions between these two compounds were investigated at the biochemical level in the liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results indicated that iron used alone induces oxidative stress. In all tissues studied and at all the administered doses, we observed changes in the levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The responses were dose- and organ-dependent. Selenium administered at 0.5 mg/kg b.w. attenuate the adverse effects of the different iron dosages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the potential application of selenium in mitigating oxidative stress and organ toxicity associated with iron overload. Our research carries significant implications for the development of nutritional and therapeutic strategies aimed at managing disorders related to iron metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8921,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers","volume":" ","pages":"67-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White blood cell count as a prognostic and mechanistic mediator in acute diquat poisoning: a retrospective cohort study enabling risk stratification for resource-limited settings.","authors":"Ye Zhang, Xian Chen, Min Zhao, Xianglong Cai, Haike Du, Xiaoming Jiang, Yingmin Ma, Guoqiang Li, Haihong Li","doi":"10.1080/1354750X.2026.2614751","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1354750X.2026.2614751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diquat poisoning is associated with high mortality, and accurate prognostication remains challenging in resource-limited settings. This retrospective cohort study evaluated white blood cell count (WBC) as both a prognostic biomarker and mechanistic mediator in acute diquat poisoning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort included 134 patients with acute diquat poisoning (2016-2025). WBC was analysed continuously and categorically (median and ROC-derived cut-offs). Multivariable regression, subgroup, and mediation analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The high-WBC group (≥ 17.11 × 10⁹/L) had significantly higher mortality (64.3% <i>vs.</i> 7.8%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). After adjustment, patients with WBC ≥ 17.235 × 10⁹/L had a 3.43-fold higher mortality risk (95% CI: 1.37-8.60). Each 1 × 10⁹/L WBC increase predicted a 6% mortality risk rise (adjusted OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12). WBC mediated 15.5% (<i>p</i> = 0.02) of plasma diquat's total lethal effect. ROC analysis showed WBC had an AUC of 0.724 (95% CI: 63.5%-81.2%) at the optimal cut-off of 17.235 × 10⁹/L, comparable to plasma diquat concentration's AUC of 0.817 (95% CI: 74.4%-88.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WBC serves as both a continuous predictor and triage tool at 17.235 × 10⁹/L, providing a practical risk-stratification framework for settings lacking toxicological testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8921,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers","volume":" ","pages":"51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creatine kinase and McMahon score as predictors for acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy, and mortality associated with poisoning-induced rhabdomyolysis.","authors":"Nada A Kamel, Mohy El Masry, Sarah S Mohammed","doi":"10.1080/1354750X.2025.2596911","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1354750X.2025.2596911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poisoned patients presenting with rhabdomyolysis are at a higher risk of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), and consequently, an increased risk of Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) and mortality. We aimed to compare the prognostic significance of creatine kinase (CK) with the McMahon score for AKI, RRT, and mortality in acutely poisoned patients with rhabdomyolysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included 50 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with poisoning-induced rhabdomyolysis between the beginning of January 2023 and the end of September 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of rhabdomyolysis was 6.6% in a total of 949 acutely poisoned patients. AKI and mortality rates were 34% and 6% respectively. Antipsychotics were the leading cause of rhabdomyolysis (52%), while substance abuse was the most common cause in the AKI group (58.9% of the AKI group). The initial CK and McMahon scores could predict AKI at the optimum cut-off values of CK > 982 and McMahon score > 6, with an AUC of 0.712 and 0.807, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The variables independently associated with AKI development were age > 33 years, McMahon score ≥ 6, and WBC count > 18 (10³/µL). The McMahon score is superior to CK in predicting the need for hemodialysis and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":8921,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145653379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNF186 as a prognostic biomarker and its correlation with immune cell infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Peng Wu, Xiaolu Zhang, Jia Zou, Wenya An, Wenchuan Fan, Ting'an Chen, Zaijun Zhang, Dongmei Chen","doi":"10.1080/1354750X.2025.2608599","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1354750X.2025.2608599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ring finger 186 (RNF186) is implicated in cancer development, but its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RNF186 expression was analyzed using TCGA, GEO, and clinical samples. Its diagnostic and prognostic significance, protein interactions, functional pathways, immune microenvironment associations, and drug sensitivity were evaluated. Single-cell analysis and molecular docking were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RNF186 was significantly upregulated in ccRCC and negatively correlated with advanced tumor stage. High RNF186 expression indicated better prognosis and showed diagnostic value. It participated in key biological processes and immune modulation, with predominant enrichment in malignant cells. Elevated RNF186 expression was linked to enhanced sensitivity to targeted therapies like sunitinib, which exhibited a favorable predicted binding energy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RNF186 serves as a potential biomarker for prognosis prediction, tumor microenvironment characterization, and personalized targeted therapy in ccRCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8921,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers","volume":" ","pages":"13-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145832860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis via regulation of the miR-122/PTEN/AKT axis in NR8383 cells and rat model of COPD.","authors":"Yang Jiang, Xiaosheng Jin","doi":"10.1080/1354750X.2025.2612554","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1354750X.2025.2612554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>PM2.5-induced COPD lacks effective therapies due to unclear pathogenesis. This study explores the role of miR-122 and PTEN in PM2.5-related COPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a combination of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays, including cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced NR8383 cells and a rat smoke model, combined with MTT, qPCR, flow cytometry, WB, HE staining, Masson staining, HIC, and TUNEL assays, we investigated the role of microRNA-122 (miR-122) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in the molecular mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced COPD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that CSE-induced the down-regulated expression of miR-122 leads to the activation of PTEN, which in turn regulates the AKT signaling pathway in NR8383 cells. This modulation results in decreased expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), promoting cell apoptosis. Besides, the result from a rat model of COPD exposed to smoke also confirms this molecular axis which ultimately exacerbating COPD. Specifically, compared with the control, there is significant pulmonary structural damage in model rats exposed to PM2.5, including enlarged alveolar intervals, increased alveolar cavity size, pulmonary fibrosis, and evidence of alveolar destruction with concomitant parabronchial inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research reveals novel insights of PM2.5-induced COPD and proposes the miR-122/PTEN pathway as a potential therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":8921,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers","volume":" ","pages":"40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145896027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of c-MYC in gastric cancer prognosis: a Kaplan-Meier-derived patient data meta-analysis.","authors":"Francisco Cezar Aquino de Moraes, Gustavo Tadeu Freitas Uchôa Matheus, Larissa Emi Tanimoto, Andressa Girelli Cardoso, Mario Hiroyuki Hirata, Rommel Mario Rodríguez Burbano","doi":"10.1080/1354750X.2025.2611007","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1354750X.2025.2611007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with a median overall survival of approximately 12 months. The proto-oncogene c-MYC is among the most frequently activated oncogenes, implicated in roughly 20% of all malignancies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies evaluating the association between c-MYC expression and (1) disease-specific survival (DSS) and (2) overall survival (OS). Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a fixed-effects model. A two-sided p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across 15 studies encompassing 2,372 gastric cancer patients (802 c-MYC-positive; 410 male), male gender was strongly associated with c-MYC positivity (OR 8.83; 95% CI 5.74-13.56; p < 0.00001), as were deeper invasion (T3-T4 vs T1-T2: OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.24-0.60; p < 0.00001) and advanced stage (III-IV vs I-II: OR 2.69; 95% CI 1.71-4.23; p < 0.00001). Patients with c-MYC-negative tumors exhibited a markedly higher DSS compared to those with c-MYC-positive tumors (HR 3.73; 95% CI, 2.22-6.26; p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings identify c-MYC as a significant prognostic biomarker for disease-specific survival in gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8921,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers","volume":" ","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145848860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquaporin-9 and endometriomas: pathophysiological insights from a case-control study.","authors":"Emine Kirsan Ileri, Anil Erturk, Nazlı Yenigul, Gulten Ozgen, Burcu Dincgez, Nergis Kender Erturk","doi":"10.1080/1354750X.2026.2615799","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1354750X.2026.2615799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent condition characterized by ectopic implantation of endometrial tissue; molecular mechanisms underlying lesion persistence remain incompletely understood. Aquaporins (AQPs), transmembrane water channels involved in migration and proliferation, have been implicated in endometriosis pathophysiology, although data on AQP9 are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective case-control study evaluated AQP9 concentrations in serum, peritoneal fluid, and cervicovaginal secretions of women with endometriomas compared with healthy surgical controls. Twenty-seven women with unilateral endometrioma and 30 undergoing bilateral tubal ligation were included. AQP9 levels were measured using ELISA, and analyses included correlation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and logistic regression adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), gravida and parity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peritoneal fluid AQP9 concentrations were significantly higher in women with endometriomas than in controls (275 [58-669] vs. 171.5 [6.6-507] ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.023), whereas serum and cervicovaginal AQP9 levels showed no differences. ROC analysis demonstrated high sensitivity (92.6%) but limited specificity (43.3%). Logistic regression confirmed that peritoneal AQP9 > 128 ng/mL was independently associated with endometrioma (OR 4.40, 95%CI 1.66-29.28, <i>p</i> = 0.025). Serum AQP9 was inversely correlated with endometrioma size (<i>p</i> = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Peritoneal AQP9 elevation reflects alterations in the local peritoneal microenvironment, supporting its potential role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8921,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers","volume":" ","pages":"60-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel composite biomarker score for the identification of cognitive impairment in patients with heart failure: a pilot study.","authors":"Christina Hoyer-Kimura, Justin Palmer, Radha Gopalan, Kristian Doyle, Jennifer Frye, Elizabeth Juneman, Kristina Irwin, Angelica Galdamez-Avila, Karina Carrillo, Sobeyda Lizzette Cruz, Cindy Schrag, Suzanne Oskouie, Anantharam Kalya, Arianna Bedoya, John P Konhilas, Nicholas J Ashton, Lee Ryan, Nancy K Sweitzer, Meredith Hay","doi":"10.1080/1354750X.2025.2585003","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1354750X.2025.2585003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Among 6.7 million Americans with heart failure (HF), 40%-60% are estimated to have mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and are at-risk for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). This pilot study examined whether neurodegenerative and inflammatory serum biomarkers are elevated in HF and whether a combination of these biomarkers predicts cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four HF patients (mean age = 69 years, 62% male) were recruited from Banner-University cardiology clinics and underwent blood sampling and neuropsychological testing to derive an 'Actual Composite Cognitive Score.' Age-matched healthy controls included (i) 11 individuals (mean age = 63 years, 20% male) who completed identical procedures and (ii) 24 individuals used exclusively for biomarker analysis. Biomarkers-serum neurofilament light chain (NfL), plasma phosphorylated tau (pTau181, pTau217), placental growth factor (PlGF), cytokines, and NT-proBNP-were quantified using Quanterix Simoa, Milliplex, and Elecsys (Roche) assays.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>HF participants scored worse in cognitive assessments than controls (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). Serum NfL (<i>p</i> = 0.02), IL-6 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), IL-12p40 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), IL-15 (<i>p</i> = 0.005), MIP-1α (<i>p</i> = 0.007), TNFβ (<i>p</i> = 0.03), and TNFα (<i>p</i> = 0.0002) were increased in HF. NfL and pTau181 correlated with NT-proBNP; NfL, IL-6, and TNFα inversely correlated with cognitive scores. The Composite Biomarker Cognitive Score = NfL + NT-proBNP + IL-6 + TNFα negatively correlated with the Actual Composite Cognitive Score (<i>r</i> = -0.60, <i>p</i> = 0.0002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results establish a Composite Biomarker Cognitive Score, which is predictive of cognitive impairment in HF, and may aid in identifying HF patients suitable for cognitive-protective therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8921,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12834611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145457371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatics-based screening and experimental validation of biomarkers for the treatment of connective tissue-associated interstitial lung disease with liquorice and dried ginger soup.","authors":"Hui Yuan, Qian Wu, Nan Yu, Tang Zhang","doi":"10.1080/1354750X.2025.2596012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750X.2025.2596012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biomarkers for CTD-ILD diagnosis, treatment response evaluation, and pathogenesis elucidation are lacking. Licorice-dried ginger soup alleviates lung injury, but its mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to identify biomarkers of this herbal treatment for CTD-ILD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Public datasets of Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CTD-ILD (n = 4) and connective tissue disease-associated non-Inflammatory lung disease (CTD-NILD) (n = 3) patients were analyzed using differential expression (p.adj < 0.05 & |log2 Fold Change (FC)| > 0.5), protein-protein interaction networks, and cytohubba algorithms (Top5 genes from six algorithms). Functional enrichment, upstream pathway activity, phosphorylation, molecular regulatory networks, and molecular docking were performed and the expression of biomarkers was validated in clinical samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five biomarkers (CXCL8, IL1A, IL1B, NFE2L2, and PTGS2) were identified. Functional analysis linked these pathways to innate immunity, cytokine activity, and pertussis pathways. Regulatory networks have been implicated in toll-like receptors, chemokine signaling, and DNA replication. Biomarkers correlated with lung injury and showed high expression in the blood/immune cells. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding between the biomarkers and quercetin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CXCL8, IL1A, IL1B, NFE2L2, and PTGS2 are critical CTD-ILD biomarkers. Licorice ginger soup may target these genes via quercetin, providing novel diagnostic and therapeutic insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":8921,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145653301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}