{"title":"The Small GTPase Rap1b: A Bidirectional Regulator of Platelet Adhesion Receptors.","authors":"Gianni Francesco Guidetti, Mauro Torti","doi":"10.1155/2012/412089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/412089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrins and other families of cell adhesion receptors are responsible for platelet adhesion and aggregation, which are essential steps for physiological haemostasis, as well as for the development of thrombosis. The modulation of platelet adhesive properties is the result of a complex pattern of inside-out and outside-in signaling pathways, in which the members of the Rap family of small GTPases are bidirectionally involved. This paper focuses on the regulation of the main Rap GTPase expressed in circulating platelets, Rap1b, downstream of adhesion receptors, and summarizes the most recent achievements in the investigation of the function of this protein as regulator of platelet adhesion and thrombus formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":89176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of signal transduction","volume":"2012 ","pages":"412089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/412089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30728058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karin F K Ejendal, Carmen W Dessauer, Terence E Hébert, Val J Watts
{"title":"Dopamine D(2) Receptor-Mediated Heterologous Sensitization of AC5 Requires Signalosome Assembly.","authors":"Karin F K Ejendal, Carmen W Dessauer, Terence E Hébert, Val J Watts","doi":"10.1155/2012/210324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/210324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic dopamine receptor activation is implicated in several central nervous system disorders. Although acute activation of Gα(i)-coupled D(2) dopamine receptors inhibits adenylyl cyclase, persistent activation enhances adenylyl cyclase activity, a phenomenon called heterologous sensitization. Previous work revealed a requirement for Gα(s) in D(2)-induced heterologous sensitization of AC5. To elucidate the mechanism of Gα(s) dependency, we expressed Gα(s) mutants in Gα(s)-deficient Gnas(E2-/E2-) cells. Neither Gα(s)-palmitoylation nor Gα(s)-Gβγ interactions were required for sensitization of AC5. Moreover, we found that coexpressing βARKct-CD8 or Sar1(H79G) blocked heterologous sensitization. These studies are consistent with a role for Gα(s)-AC5 interactions in sensitization however, Gβγ appears to have an indirect role in heterologous sensitization of AC5, possibly by promoting proper signalosome assembly.</p>","PeriodicalId":89176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of signal transduction","volume":" ","pages":"210324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/210324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40173005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitali Bhattacharjee, Rajesh Raju, Aneesha Radhakrishnan, Vishalakshi Nanjappa, Babylakshmi Muthusamy, Kamlendra Singh, Dheebika Kuppusamy, Bhavya Teja Lingala, Archana Pan, Premendu Prakash Mathur, H C Harsha, T S Keshava Prasad, Gerald J Atkins, Akhilesh Pandey, Aditi Chatterjee
{"title":"A Bioinformatics Resource for TWEAK-Fn14 Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Mitali Bhattacharjee, Rajesh Raju, Aneesha Radhakrishnan, Vishalakshi Nanjappa, Babylakshmi Muthusamy, Kamlendra Singh, Dheebika Kuppusamy, Bhavya Teja Lingala, Archana Pan, Premendu Prakash Mathur, H C Harsha, T S Keshava Prasad, Gerald J Atkins, Akhilesh Pandey, Aditi Chatterjee","doi":"10.1155/2012/376470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/376470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a new member of the TNF superfamily. It signals through TNFRSF12A, commonly known as Fn14. The TWEAK-Fn14 interaction regulates cellular activities including proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling and inflammation. Although TWEAK has been reported to be associated with autoimmune diseases, cancers, stroke, and kidney-related disorders, the downstream molecular events of TWEAK-Fn14 signaling are yet not available in any signaling pathway repository. In this paper, we manually compiled from the literature, in particular those reported in human systems, the downstream reactions stimulated by TWEAK-Fn14 interactions. Our manual amassment of the TWEAK-Fn14 pathway has resulted in cataloging of 46 proteins involved in various biochemical reactions and TWEAK-Fn14 induced expression of 28 genes. We have enabled the availability of data in various standard exchange formats from NetPath, a repository for signaling pathways. We believe that this composite molecular interaction pathway will enable identification of new signaling components in TWEAK signaling pathway. This in turn may lead to the identification of potential therapeutic targets in TWEAK-associated disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":89176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of signal transduction","volume":"2012 ","pages":"376470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/376470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30656336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Darío Ortiz de Orué Lucana, Ina Wedderhoff, Matthew R Groves
{"title":"ROS-Mediated Signalling in Bacteria: Zinc-Containing Cys-X-X-Cys Redox Centres and Iron-Based Oxidative Stress.","authors":"Darío Ortiz de Orué Lucana, Ina Wedderhoff, Matthew R Groves","doi":"10.1155/2012/605905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/605905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteria are permanently in contact with reactive oxygen species (ROS), both over the course of their life cycle as well that present in their environment. These species cause damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleotides, negatively impacting the organism. To detect these ROS molecules and to stimulate the expression of proteins involved in antioxidative stress response, bacteria use a number of different protein-based regulatory and sensory systems. ROS-based stress detection mechanisms induce posttranslational modifications, resulting in overall conformational and structural changes within sensory proteins. The subsequent structural rearrangements result in changes of protein activity, which lead to regulated and appropriate response on the transcriptional level. Many bacterial enzymes and regulatory proteins possess a conserved signature, the zinc-containing redox centre Cys-X-X-Cys in which a disulfide bridge is formed upon oxidative stress. Other metal-dependent oxidative modifications of amino acid side-chains (dityrosines, 2-oxo-histidines, or carbonylation) also modulate the activity of redox-sensitive proteins. Using molecular biology, biochemistry, biophysical, and structure biology tools, molecular mechanisms involved in sensing and response to oxidative stress have been elucidated in detail. In this review, we analyze some examples of bacterial redox-sensing proteins involved in antioxidative stress response and focus further on the currently known molecular mechanism of function.</p>","PeriodicalId":89176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of signal transduction","volume":"2012 ","pages":"605905"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/605905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30188436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redox Regulation of Nonmuscle Myosin Heavy Chain during Integrin Engagement.","authors":"Tania Fiaschi, Giacomo Cozzi, Paola Chiarugi","doi":"10.1155/2012/754964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/754964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On the basis of our findings reporting that cell adhesion induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after integrin engagement, we were interested in identifying redox-regulated proteins during this process. Mass spectrometry analysis led us to identify nonmuscle myosin heavy chain (nmMHC) as a target of ROS. Our results show that, while nmMHC is reduced in detached/rounded cells, it turns towards an oxidized state in adherent/spread cells due to the integrin-engaged ROS machinery. The functional role of nmMHC redox regulation is suggested by the redox sensitivity of its association with actin, suggesting a role of nmMHC oxidation in cytoskeleton movement. Analysis of muscle MHC (mMHC) redox state during muscle differentiation, a process linked to a great and stable decrease of ROS content, shows that the protein does not undergo a redox control. Hence, we propose that the redox regulation of MHC in nonprofessional muscle cells is mandatory for actin binding during dynamic cytoskeleton rearrangement, but it is dispensable for static and highly organized cytoskeletal contractile architecture in differentiating myotubes.</p>","PeriodicalId":89176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of signal transduction","volume":"2012 ","pages":"754964"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/754964","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30365677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haruhiko Kanasaki, Indri Purwana, Aki Oride, Tselmeg Mijiddorj, Kohji Miyazaki
{"title":"Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Activation and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 Induction by Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Pituitary Gonadotrophs.","authors":"Haruhiko Kanasaki, Indri Purwana, Aki Oride, Tselmeg Mijiddorj, Kohji Miyazaki","doi":"10.1155/2012/198527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/198527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse secreted from the hypothalamus differently regulates the expressions of gonadotropin subunit genes, luteinizing hormone β (LHβ) and follicle-stimulating hormone β (FSHβ), in the pituitary gonadotrophs. FSHβ is preferentially stimulated at slower GnRH pulse frequencies, whereas LHβ is preferentially stimulated at more rapid pulse frequencies. Several signaling pathways are activated, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase C, calcium influx, and calcium-calmodulin kinases, and these may be preferentially regulated under certain conditions. Previous studies demonstrated that MAPK pathways, especially the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), play an essential role for induction of gonadotropin subunit gene expression by GnRH, whereas, MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) inactivate MAPKs through dephosphorylation of threonine and/or tyrosine residues. MKPs are also induced by GnRH, and potential feedback regulation between MAPK signaling and MKPs within the GnRH signaling pathway is evident in gonadotrophs. In this paper, we reviewed and mainly focused on our observations of the pattern of ERK activation and the induction of MKP by different frequencies of GnRH stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":89176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of signal transduction","volume":"2012 ","pages":"198527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/198527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30378197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luca Goitre, Barbara Pergolizzi, Elisa Ferro, Lorenza Trabalzini, Saverio Francesco Retta
{"title":"Molecular Crosstalk between Integrins and Cadherins: Do Reactive Oxygen Species Set the Talk?","authors":"Luca Goitre, Barbara Pergolizzi, Elisa Ferro, Lorenza Trabalzini, Saverio Francesco Retta","doi":"10.1155/2012/807682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/807682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coordinate modulation of the cellular functions of cadherins and integrins plays an essential role in fundamental physiological and pathological processes, including morphogenesis, tissue differentiation and renewal, wound healing, immune surveillance, inflammatory response, tumor progression, and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the fine-tuned functional communication between cadherins and integrins are still elusive. This paper focuses on recent findings towards the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of cell adhesion and signal transduction functions of integrins and cadherins, pointing to ROS as emerging strong candidates for modulating the molecular crosstalk between cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion receptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":89176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of signal transduction","volume":"2012 ","pages":"807682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/807682","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30353519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelly A Aromolaran, Kelly A Benzow, Leanne L Cribbs, Michael D Koob, Erika S Piedras-Rentería
{"title":"Elimination of the actin-binding domain in kelch-like 1 protein induces T-type calcium channel modulation only in the presence of action potential waveforms.","authors":"Kelly A Aromolaran, Kelly A Benzow, Leanne L Cribbs, Michael D Koob, Erika S Piedras-Rentería","doi":"10.1155/2012/505346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/505346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Kelch-like 1 protein (KLHL1) is a neuronal actin-binding protein that modulates calcium channel function. It increases the current density of Ca(v)3.2 (α(1H)) calcium channels via direct interaction with α(1H) and actin-F, resulting in biophysical changes in Ca(v)3.2 currents and an increase in recycling endosomal activity with subsequent increased α(1H) channel number at the plasma membrane. Interestingly, removal of the actin-binding Kelch motif (ΔKelch) prevents the increase in Ca(v)3.2 current density seen with wild-type KLHL1 when tested with normal square pulse protocols but does not preclude the effect when tested using action potential waveforms (AP). Here, we dissected the kinetic properties of the AP waveform that confer the mutant Kelch the ability to interact with Ca(v)3.2 and induce an increase in calcium influx. We modified the action potential waveform by altering the slopes of repolarization and/or recovery from hyperpolarization or by changing the duration of the depolarization plateau or the hyperpolarization phase and tested the modulation of Ca(v)3.2 by the mutant ΔKelch. Our results show that the recovery phase from hyperpolarization phase determines the conformational changes that allow the α(1H) subunit to properly interact with mutant KLHL1 lacking its actin-binding Kelch domains, leading to increased Ca influx.</p>","PeriodicalId":89176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of signal transduction","volume":"2012 ","pages":"505346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/505346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30800816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The phosphorylation-dependent regulation of mitochondrial proteins in stress responses.","authors":"Yusuke Kanamaru, Shiori Sekine, Hidenori Ichijo, Kohsuke Takeda","doi":"10.1155/2012/931215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/931215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To maintain cellular homeostasis, cells are equipped with precise systems that trigger the appropriate stress responses. Mitochondria not only provide cellular energy but also integrate stress response signaling pathways, including those regulating cell death. Several lines of evidence suggest that the mitochondrial proteins that function in this process, such as Bcl-2 family proteins in apoptosis and phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5) in necroptosis, are regulated by several kinases. It has also been suggested that the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of mitochondrial fission machinery, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), facilitates appropriate cellular stress responses. However, mitochondria themselves are also damaged by various stresses. To avoid the deleterious effects exerted by damaged mitochondria, cells remove these mitochondria in a selective autophagic degradation process called mitophagy. Interestingly, several kinases, such as PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) in mammals and stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in yeast, have recently been shown to be involved in mitophagy. In this paper, we focus on the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of mitochondrial proteins and discuss the roles of this regulation in the mitochondrial and cellular stress responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":89176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of signal transduction","volume":"2012 ","pages":"931215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/931215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30800818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raúl Alelú-Paz, Nadia Ashour, Ana González-Corpas, Santiago Ropero
{"title":"DNA methylation, histone modifications, and signal transduction pathways: a close relationship in malignant gliomas pathophysiology.","authors":"Raúl Alelú-Paz, Nadia Ashour, Ana González-Corpas, Santiago Ropero","doi":"10.1155/2012/956958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/956958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor. Although tremendous progress has been achieved in the recent years in the diagnosis and treatment, its molecular etiology remains unknown. In this regard, epigenetics represents a new approach to study the mechanisms that control gene expression and function without changing the sequence of the genome. In the present paper we describe the main findings about the alterations of cell signaling pathways in the most aggressive glioma in the adult population, namely, glioblastoma, in which epigenetic mechanisms and the emerging role of cancer stem cell play a crucial function in the development of new biomarkers for its detection and prognosis and the corresponding development of new pharmacological strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":89176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of signal transduction","volume":"2012 ","pages":"956958"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/956958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30804766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}