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Fundamentals of Terrorism: Understanding the Threat and Preparing for the Next Attack 恐怖主义基础:了解威胁并为下一次袭击做准备
Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal Pub Date : 2009-06-25 DOI: 10.1080/15332580902865219
Richard J. Hughbank, M. Hershkowitz
{"title":"Fundamentals of Terrorism: Understanding the Threat and Preparing for the Next Attack","authors":"Richard J. Hughbank, M. Hershkowitz","doi":"10.1080/15332580902865219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332580902865219","url":null,"abstract":"As time continues to slowly distance the American public from the last jihadi attack on U.S. soil, several organizations throughout the United States have created some form of think tank to assist in identifying and understanding these newest enemies. Once it is believed there is a more clearly defined analysis of the enemy, where they are coming from, and how they operate, the next question must be where and when they are going to strike next. Will it be a military target? Or are they considering attacking the civilian populace again? Maybe they are planning to attack a shopping mall, a church, or even a school.","PeriodicalId":89175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"149 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15332580902865219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59872435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The American Board of Examiners in Crisis Intervention 美国危机干预审查委员会
Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal Pub Date : 2009-06-25 DOI: 10.1080/15332580902877271
{"title":"The American Board of Examiners in Crisis Intervention","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15332580902877271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332580902877271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"180 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15332580902877271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59872631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why We Do Not Prepare: Orange Bag Denial 为什么我们不准备:拒绝橙色袋子
Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal Pub Date : 2009-06-12 DOI: 10.1080/15332580902865243
J. Greenstone
{"title":"Why We Do Not Prepare: Orange Bag Denial","authors":"J. Greenstone","doi":"10.1080/15332580902865243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332580902865243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"169 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15332580902865243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59872497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Concurrent or Consecutive Training? A Question of Timing and Competence 并行培训还是连续培训?时间和能力的问题
Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal Pub Date : 2009-06-12 DOI: 10.1080/15332580902865250
M. J. McMains
{"title":"Concurrent or Consecutive Training? A Question of Timing and Competence","authors":"M. J. McMains","doi":"10.1080/15332580902865250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332580902865250","url":null,"abstract":"The negotiator contest held at Texas State University every year tests negotiating teams’ skills on ten dimensions: Use of Active Listening; Overall Flow of Communications; Overall Effectiveness of Communications; Use of Intelligence; Use of Intelligence Boards; Brainstorming; Handling Demands; Team Functioning; Team Roles; and Use of Feedback. Multiple skills are practiced at the same time. This approach to training is called “concurrent” training. We use it when we train using full-blown scenarios that exercise the coordination and communications between teams. The scenarios exercise several multifaceted skills at once. The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (2009) defines concurrent as “operating or occurring at the same time; running parallel.” There is another approach to training, however, called “consecutive” training. It is used when we are learning the individual skills or the component parts of each multifaceted skill. For instance, active listening skills can be learned individually. We learn open-ended questions, then effective pauses, then minimal encouragers, etc. Lesson plans can be consecutive plans. That is, they are broken down into component parts and presented sequentially. Consecutive is defined by the Encarta World English Dictionary (2009) as “successive: following one after another without a break or interruption; following a logical or chronological sequence.” Athletes have found that concurrent training leads to poorer results than training consecutively. Strength training is done utilizing the consecutive repetitions of the same exercise utilizing heavy weights and short, intense training periods. Endurance training is best done utilizing repetitions, using less stress, over longer periods of time. Both training methods are consecutive training. Using concurrent training, combining strength and aerobic exercises, leads to poorer results on both than doing them separately. Each","PeriodicalId":89175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"171 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15332580902865250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59872541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Technology Can Help or Hinder the Crisis Negotiation Process 技术如何帮助或阻碍危机谈判过程
Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal Pub Date : 2009-06-12 DOI: 10.1080/15332580902865169
D. Shinder
{"title":"How Technology Can Help or Hinder the Crisis Negotiation Process","authors":"D. Shinder","doi":"10.1080/15332580902865169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332580902865169","url":null,"abstract":"We live today in a world that's very different from the way it was just a couple of short decades ago, thanks in large part to advances in electronics and communications technology. Twenty years ago, few people owned cell phones or personal computers, and most of those who did have computers used them as glorified standalone word processors or number crunchers, not as communications devices. The Internet was still a mystery to most outside of universities and certain divisions of government. Today we live in a world where connectivity is key to many of our day-to-day activities. According to tech analysis firm iSuppli, 264 million personal computers shipped in 2007 (Evans, 2007). In 2008, for the first time shipments of portable (notebook) computers—most of which come with built-in wireless communications capability—surpassed that of traditional desktop machines (Kioskea.net, 2008).","PeriodicalId":89175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"134 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15332580902865169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59872362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Suicide by Proxy: Revisiting the Problem of Suicide by Cop 代理自杀:重新审视警察自杀问题
Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal Pub Date : 2009-06-12 DOI: 10.1080/15332580902865110
B. Kingshott
{"title":"Suicide by Proxy: Revisiting the Problem of Suicide by Cop","authors":"B. Kingshott","doi":"10.1080/15332580902865110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332580902865110","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the problem of suicide by cop, a colloquial term used to describe a suicidal incident whereby the suicidal subject engages in a consciously life-threatening behavior to the degree that it compels a police officer to respond with deadly force. Suicide is a global problem, a leading cause of death in the world, claiming about 30,000 lives in the United States each year, and approximately 1 million annually world-wide. For law enforcement personnel to engage in an intervention strategy to protect the innocent and to prevent suicide is an expected response to the 9-1-1 call. Officers do respond and, on occasion, are successful in their intervention strategy. This article identifies from the literature aspects of behavior that may allow the responding officers to identify and interpret the behavior to protect themselves as well as to implement a successful intervention strategy.","PeriodicalId":89175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"105 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15332580902865110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59872284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Introducing the Four-Phase Model of Hostage Negotiation 介绍人质谈判的四阶段模型
Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal Pub Date : 2009-06-12 DOI: 10.1080/15332580902865144
Demetrius O. Madrigal, Daniel Bowman, B. U. McClain
{"title":"Introducing the Four-Phase Model of Hostage Negotiation","authors":"Demetrius O. Madrigal, Daniel Bowman, B. U. McClain","doi":"10.1080/15332580902865144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332580902865144","url":null,"abstract":"The following article introduces a model of the communication process as it occurs in a hostage negotiation. Unlike previous negotiation models, this model focuses on the communication of the negotiator rather than focusing on the communication or psychological state of the hostage taker. The model provides a framework of successful negotiation by analyzing and specifying the structure of previously successful negotiations. The resulting model consists of four phases, which are called Establishing Initial Dialogue, Building Rapport, Influencing, and Surrender. Theoretical basis and comparison to other existing negotiation models are discussed.","PeriodicalId":89175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"119 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15332580902865144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59872348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Situation Boards and Scribes: Lessons from Brady v. Maryland 形势板和抄写员:布雷迪诉马里兰州案的教训
Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal Pub Date : 2009-06-12 DOI: 10.1080/15332580902865227
Tomas C. Mijares, Felix Adam
{"title":"Situation Boards and Scribes: Lessons from Brady v. Maryland","authors":"Tomas C. Mijares, Felix Adam","doi":"10.1080/15332580902865227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332580902865227","url":null,"abstract":"A recurring question among some crisis negotiators has revolved around the issue of retaining notes and any other forms of documentation and communication arising from the negotiation process. This article begins with a review of the facts of Brady v. Maryland. After discussing the legal questions raised and the decision of the court, the ramifications of the case are put into the context of crisis negotiations. The article concludes with recommendations about how negotiators can comply with the court's decision by using today's technology.","PeriodicalId":89175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"164 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15332580902865227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59872489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making Negotiations a Focal Concern: Enhancing Active Listening Skills 让谈判成为焦点:提高积极倾听的技巧
Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal Pub Date : 2009-06-12 DOI: 10.1080/15332580902865268
M. J. McMains
{"title":"Making Negotiations a Focal Concern: Enhancing Active Listening Skills","authors":"M. J. McMains","doi":"10.1080/15332580902865268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332580902865268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"176 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15332580902865268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59872579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Becoming a Professional: More Thoughts on Ethics 成为专业人士:关于道德的更多思考
Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal Pub Date : 2009-06-12 DOI: 10.1080/15332580902869062
M. J. McMains
{"title":"Becoming a Professional: More Thoughts on Ethics","authors":"M. J. McMains","doi":"10.1080/15332580902869062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332580902869062","url":null,"abstract":"In an earlier editorial, I said that a professional can be defined as a member of a group that has an agreed-upon and recognized body of knowledge and guidelines for the application of that knowledge. The guidelines are called ethics. I argued that negotiators need to start developing a set of ethical guidelines, in order to become true professionals. In this editorial, I suggest that negotiators can follow the lead of established professions like psychology in developing their ethics. In the preamble to their ethics guide (APA, 2002), psychologists state that the following principles provide the overarching frame for guiding them in the application of psychological knowledge and practice:","PeriodicalId":89175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of police crisis negotiations : an international journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"101 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15332580902869062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59872619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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