Biological Trace Element Research最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Green Synthesized Polyherbal Formulated Silver Nanoparticles in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus-An In Vivo Strategy.","authors":"Noshaba Afshin, Nadia Mushtaq, Mushtaq Ahmed, Saboor Badshah, Sultan Mehmood Wazir, Farhad Badshah, Naila Sher, Jawaher Alkahtani, Sezai Ercisli, Mohamed S Elshikh, Riaz Hussain, Noor Ul Huda, Hajra Hameed","doi":"10.1007/s12011-025-04566-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-025-04566-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable, life-threatening syndrome prevalent worldwide. One effective treatment for DM is the medicinal use of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are eco-friendly and cost-effective. This study investigates the antidiabetic potential of greensynthesizedAgNPs derived from a polyherbal formulation (PHF). Characterization of PHF-AgNPs included UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Diabetes was induced in albino Wistar rats (N = 30, n = 6/group, 150-200 g, 8 weeks old) via intraperitoneal alloxan injection (150 mg). Groups are as follows: 1) untreated control, 2) diabetic control (150 mg/kg b.w. alloxan), 3) glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg), 4) PHF-AgNPs (10 mg/kg), and 5) PHF-AgNPs (20 mg/kg). Blood glucose levels (BGL) were monitored on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Blood samples were collected for the liver, kidney, and lipid profile analysis before euthanization. The results showed that PHF-AgNPs had an average size of 20 nm and exhibited significant reductions in BGL, with PHF-AgNPs at both 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg demonstrating superior effects compared to glibenclamide. Histopathological analysis revealed tissue regeneration in the liver, kidney, and pancreas, indicating healing of alloxan-induced damage. Additionally, treatment improved liver and kidney function markers, and lipid profiles, with reductions in cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, AST, and creatinine levels compared to the diabetic control group. These findings suggest that green synthesized PHF-AgNPs effectively improved blood glucose control, body weight, and organ health, positioning them as a promising antidiabetic agent with potential for further clinical development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8917,"journal":{"name":"Biological Trace Element Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Associations of Essential and Non-Essential Trace Elements' Levels in the Blood, Serum, and Urine in Women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.","authors":"Tina Kek, Ksenija Geršak, Nataša Karas Kuželički, Dominika Celar Šturm, Darja Mazej, Janja Snoj Tratnik, Ingrid Falnoga, Milena Horvat, Irma Virant-Klun","doi":"10.1007/s12011-025-04567-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12011-025-04567-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8917,"journal":{"name":"Biological Trace Element Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological Alterations Induced by Subacute Exposure of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles in Aged Rats: Behavioral, Biochemical, Molecular, and Histopathological Evidence.","authors":"Khadija Boukholda, Awatef Elwej, Mohamed Abdelkodous, Rahma Ammar, Sabrine Ben Slimen, Bernd L Fiebich, Michèle Bouchard, Hamadi Fetoui, Yassine Chtourou","doi":"10.1007/s12011-025-04562-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12011-025-04562-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, evidence has pointed out that metal-based nanomaterials may have potentially harmful outcomes in the development of such diseases related to neurodegenerative disorders, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Among them, cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs), nano metal-oxides, are widely used in several areas such as industries and as wastewater treatment. Although Co3O4-NPs have a large scale in biological and industrial applications, there is a growing concern to their toxic effect on human health and the environment due to their reduced size and high reactivity, both chemically and biologically. The present work investigated the potential toxic outcomes of cobalt nanoparticles on cognitive performance in aged rats, focusing on the mechanisms involved in the oxidative stress and inflammation-related process. In our study, aged (18-month-old) Wistar male rats were used to study the harmful effects of subacute cobalt nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs) (1 and 4 mg/kg bw.S.C.28 days) on the cortex and striatum. The characterization revealed that the CO3O4-NPs sample consists of extremely small particles with a semi-spherical shape. Exposure of aged rats to Co3O4-NPs induced an elevation of indicators oxidative injury [protein oxidation (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)] and nitrosative stress markers [nitrite production (NO)]. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx, as well as a reduction in the level of glutathione (GSH) and non-protein thiols (NPSH). Exposure of aged rats to Co3O4-NPs resulted also in the overexpression of pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and.. NF-kB) in the cortex and striatum. In addition, Co3O4-NPs exhibited cognitive deficits in the Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT), as demonstrated by a decrease in the discrimination index. Heightened anxiety-like behavior was also observed in the Marble Burying test (MBT) and Open-field test (OFT), along with depressive-like behavior, as evidenced by prolonged immobility durations in the tail suspension test (TST) and Forced swimming test (FST). The histopathological analysis revealed changes in the striatum and cortex regions of the treated aged rats characterized by the presence of vacuolated and shrunken neurons. In summary, these findings highlight the susceptibility of the aging brain to Co3O4-NPs-induced neurotoxicity and underscore the role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as critical drivers of these effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8917,"journal":{"name":"Biological Trace Element Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Tradition to Innovation: Pinellia ternata Extracts Stabilized Selenium Nanoparticles for Enhanced Bioactivity.","authors":"Quanxiu Wang, Zijin Chen, Xinya Xu, Kaixin Dai, Xiujie Li, Hui Lu, Shujun Wei, Zhenyu Lian, Leilei Guo","doi":"10.1007/s12011-025-04569-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-025-04569-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are widely used for their effective antioxidative, anti-tumor, and antibacterial properties with minimal toxicity. Developing eco-friendly and simple synthesis methods for SeNPs with improved bioactivity, biocompatibility, and stability is crucial. This study synthesized bioactive SeNPs using extracts from the traditional Chinese medicine Pinellia ternata as a stabilizing agent. SeNPs were characterized to have an amorphous structure, spherical shape, uniform dispersion, and an average diameter of 54.6 nm. They had a surface charge of - 28.2 mV, enhancing stability through interactions with compounds in Pinellia ternata extracts. The synthesized SeNPs demonstrated strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties in vitro, outperforming Na₂SeO₃ and Pinellia ternata extracts. Specifically, SeNPs showed bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 120, 240, and 480 µg/mL, with a lasting effect at 480 µg/mL after 23 h. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was more sensitive, with significant antimicrobial and bactericidal effects at 15, 30, and 60 µg/mL, achieving complete inhibition at 60 µg/mL after 20 h. In zebrafish exposure experiments, SeNPs at low (0.2 mg/L) and medium (0.5 mg/L) concentrations enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver without inducing significant acute toxicity, whereas high concentrations (1 mg/L) resulted in oxidative damage to the liver and gills. This study introduces a novel method for synthesizing a stable SeNP-herbal medicine extracts composite with outstanding biological activity and biosafety, potentially expanding the applications of herbal medicine beyond traditional antioxidant and antimicrobial treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8917,"journal":{"name":"Biological Trace Element Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Trace Elements of Wild and Cultured Asian Sea Bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) in Bangladesh and Their Inferences on Human Health.","authors":"Kaosher Ali, Sudipta Kumar Nag, Kanij Rukshana Sumi","doi":"10.1007/s12011-025-04565-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-025-04565-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish living in natural and aquaculture environments may be easily contaminated by toxic trace elements owing to diverse anthropogenic activities relating to different geographical areas. This study measured the concentration of trace elements (Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, As, and Hg) in the gills, liver, and muscles of wild and cultured Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) collected from Patuakhali and Khulna regions in Bangladesh, respectively. Samples were collected in the summer and analyzed by using the atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean concentration of trace elements (mg kg^-1) was as follows: Fe (6.908) > Zn (1.467) > Cu (0.397) > Mn (0.338) > Cr (0.151) > Cd (0.003) and Fe (6.291) > Zn (1.243) > Pb (0.494) > Cu (0.205) > Cr (0.117) > Cd (0.005) in wild and cultured Asian sea bass, respectively. Moreover, As and Hg concentrations were below the detection limit. The mean concentration of Cr and Cu was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in wild Asian sea bass than in cultured Asian sea bass, respectively. The concentrations of trace elements in wild and cultured Asian sea bass did not exceed the maximum permissible limits, except Cr and Pb. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values for all the concerned trace elements except Pb (0.478 mg/day) were lower than the recommended daily allowance (RDA) values. The human health risk assessed by Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) ensured that eating Asian sea bass would not create any possible threat to people inhabiting the Patuakhali and Khulna regions. Therefore, the Asian sea bass from these two commercial regions may be safe for human health. Further study is advisable to determine trace element concentrations in Asian sea bass by applying artificial diets in culture systems and concentrations of trace elements in sediments and water from both environments before making any recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8917,"journal":{"name":"Biological Trace Element Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Seasonality on the Contamination of Mussels (Perna perna) and Swimming Crabs (Achelous spinimanus) by Essential and Toxic Metals and the Health Risks of the Consumer Population on the Southeast Coast of Brazil.","authors":"Alexandre Mendes Ramos-Filho, Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues, Adriano Teixeira de Oliveira, Júlia Vianna da Anunciação de Pinho, Bernardo Ferreira Braz, Ricardo Erthal Santelli, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior","doi":"10.1007/s12011-025-04558-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-025-04558-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The marine environment is severely contaminated by anthropogenic activities. Among the pollutants are metals such as mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn), elements commonly found in industrial effluents from steel mills. This study aims to quantify the concentrations of Hg, Cr, and Zn in seafood samples (crab and mussels) and conduct a consumption risk analysis, considering the seasonality and sexual dimorphism of the animals. The samples were collected from traditional fisheries in Itaipu, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Muscle samples were removed from the animals, which served as the basis for determining Hg, Cr, and Zn levels. Consumption risk assessment was also conducted following the Estimated Monthly Intake and Hazard Quotient (HQ). The quantification results were below the limits set by international regulatory agencies. However, the risk analysis for the population revealed some HQ values above one, particularly for crab consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":8917,"journal":{"name":"Biological Trace Element Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deterministic and Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Elemental Composition in Pistachios and Hazelnuts from Iran.","authors":"Zahra Hadian, Nabi Shariatifar, Majid Arabameri, Mojtaba Moazzen, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah","doi":"10.1007/s12011-025-04564-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-025-04564-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, concentrations of 28 elements (Ca, Cu, Li, Co, Sn, Fe, S, Pt, Au, Bi, B, Sr, W, Si, P, Mg, K, Mn, Na, Ni, Se, Zn, Al, Ba, Cd, Pb and As) in pistachios and hazelnuts collected from local markets in Tehran, Iran, were assessed using ICP-OES. The elemental risk assessments were carried out by estimating recommended dietary allowance, chronic daily intake, target hazard quotient, and incremental lifetime cancer risk. Results revealed that the highest and the lowest concentrations of elements in all samples included K (4700 ± 3473 μg Kg^-1) and Li (0.173 ± 0.40 μg Kg^-1), respectively. In addition, results showed that Cd, As, Pb, Co, Bi, Au, Pt, and Sn were not detected in the samples. In all the nuts samples, quantities of the elements (μg Kg^-1) were less than the standard levels (Pb = 20, Cd = 10, As = 140, Al = 500, Fe = 2700 and Mn = 100). The principal component analysis results highlighted the distinguishing characteristics of the nuts. Cluster analysis helped distinguish four subgroups based on their ability to accumulate elements. Therefore, chemometric analysis could be a practical method for classifying nut samples based on their elements. Based on the results of health risk indicators, no risks of exposure to heavy metals from the consumption of Iranian pistachio and hazelnut samples are reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":8917,"journal":{"name":"Biological Trace Element Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Maternal Exposure to Trace Metal Mixtures on Bone Mineral Density in Children Aged 3-6: Results from the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort, China.","authors":"Junwang Gu, Huishen Huang, Jun Liang, Qian Liao, Peng Tang, Ying Tang, Jinghua Long, Jiehua Chen, Dongping Huang, Dongxiang Pan, Xiaoyun Zeng, Xiaoqiang Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s12011-025-04561-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-025-04561-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prospective studies examining early maternal exposure to trace metal (TM) mixtures and their effects on offspring remain limited. We analyzed data regarding maternal plasma trace metal concentrations and bone mineral density (BMD) for 220 children aged 3-6 years from the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to measure 22 trace metal concentrations-Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, W, Tl, Pb, and U-in maternal plasma samples collected before 13 weeks of gestation. BMD Z-scores in children were assessed using quantitative ultrasound. Generalized linear models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) models, principal component analysis, Bayesian kernel machine regression, and quantile-based g-computation (qgcomp) were used to evaluate the associations between maternal plasma metal levels and BMD Z-scores in the child. Higher maternal Fe concentration was correlated with lower child BMD Z-scores (β [95% confidence interval]: - 1.374 [- 2.426 to - 0.323], p = 0.011). Increased Pb exposure was correlated with higher Z-scores (β [95% CI]: 1.035 [0.150-1.920], p = 0.023), corroborated by the RCS model (p = 0.031). Ti levels exceeding the median were associated with increased BMD Z-scores (p = 0.027). Increased BMD in children was associated with higher levels of metal mixtures, including Mn, V, Ti, U, Ni, Zn, Sr, Pb, W, and Co. Pb appears to play a primary role in this effect. TM exposure during early pregnancy is associated with BMD in children; however, additional longitudinal and experimental studies are required to confirm this conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":8917,"journal":{"name":"Biological Trace Element Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Long-Term Dietary Cobalt Supplementation on Lactation Performance and Reproductive Efficiency in Maghrabi She-Camels.","authors":"Mohamed S Ayyat, Usama M Abdel Monem, Tarek H Mostafa, Rafiq M Thabet, Khaled M Abd El-Latif, Adham A Al-Sagheer","doi":"10.1007/s12011-025-04551-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-025-04551-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the effects of cobalt supplementation, given from three months prepartum to nine months postpartum, on lactation performance, reproductive efficiency, blood biochemistry, colostrum immunoglobulin levels, and hormonal profiles in she-camels, along with the growth of their calves. Twenty Maghrabi she-camels, weighing 489 ± 2.31 kg and aged 6-9 years, were used in this study. The camels were divided into four groups: one control group fed only the basal diet, and three treatment groups receiving 0.16, 0.32, and 0.48 mg of cobalt per kg of feed as cobalt glucoheptonate. Results indicated that cobalt supplementation significantly increased colostrum immunoglobulin concentrations (IgG, IgM, and IgA), as well as monthly milk yield and lactation period. Milk contents of total solids, protein, and lactose also improved in the supplemented groups, particularly at 0.32 mg/kg cobalt. Additionally, pre- and post-partum serum cobalt, vitamin B₁₂, T3, T4, progesterone, and estradiol levels were higher in the cobalt-treated groups. Enhanced reproductive outcomes included shorter postpartum intervals to first estrus, reduced services per conception, and improved weaning weights and average daily gains of calves in all cobalt-supplemented groups. In conclusion, dietary cobalt supplementation at a level of 0.32 mg/kg from three months prepartum to nine months postpartum significantly enhanced the lactation and reproductive performance of Maghrabi she-camels, increased colostrum immunoglobulin levels, and positively affected the growth performance of their calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":8917,"journal":{"name":"Biological Trace Element Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mercury Levels in Selected Medicines and Dietary Supplements in Poland.","authors":"Barbara Brodziak-Dopierała, Agnieszka Fischer, Bożena Ahnert","doi":"10.1007/s12011-024-04269-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12011-024-04269-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current trends are promoting youth, beauty, health, and fitness. Individuals often seek out remedies, such as medicines or dietary supplements (DS), to achieve these goals. However, highly processed foods, chronic stress, and environmental pollution contribute to the development of civilization diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mercury (Hg) content in medicines and DS that are available in Poland. A total of 139 preparations were tested (75 drugs, 64 DS). The medicines contained preparations belonging to antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal; analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory; heart and blood vessel disease preventatives; respiratory tract infections treatment; diuretics; aiding digestion; supplements; antidiarrhoeals; anti-allergics; anti-rheumatics; antibiotics; and others. The tested dietary supplements had an effect on the following: improve the condition of skin, hair, and nails; vitamins; minerals; probiotics; weight loss; special for women; and others. The Hg content of the samples was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The Hg content of all the preparations varied widely (0.1-57.4 µg/kg), with a median Hg concentration of 1.2 µg/kg. The median Hg concentration for medicines was 0.8 µg/kg, prescription medicines having higher Hg concentrations (0.9 µg/kg) than over-the-counter (OTC) drugs (0.5 µg/kg). For DS, the Hg content was found to be higher than for drugs, at 2.0 µg/kg. The herbal preparations showed the highest Hg content among the individual DS groups (3.4 µg/kg). The Hg concentrations in the tested drug and DS samples did not exceed acceptable standards. However, if multiple pharmaceutical preparations are taken simultaneously over a long period of time, and there is existing environmental exposure, there is a possibility of Hg concentration accumulation and adverse health effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8917,"journal":{"name":"Biological Trace Element Research","volume":" ","pages":"1685-1700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141455039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}