International journal of molecular imaging最新文献

{"title":"A Simple and Efficient Methodology for the Study of Cardioprotective Drugs in Animal Model of Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion","authors":"J. Tavares, S. Francisco, ro Menezes-Rodrigues, E. R. Vasques, M. D. C. M. Reis, Luciana de Paula, Bráulio Luna-Filho, P. Errante, A. Caricati‐Neto, Le, ro Bueno Bergantin","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000133","url":null,"abstract":"To study cardioprotective drugs, we developed a simple and efficient methodology to evaluate effects of drugs on cardiac electrical activity using electrocardiogram (ECG) in rats submitted to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Using adult male Wistar rats (14 - 16-week-old) anesthetized (urethane 1.25 g/kg, i.p.) and kept under mechanical ventilation, we used surgical procedures to induce cardiac I/R by means mechanical occlusion of left anterior descendent coronary artery for 10 min (ischemia) with silk suture (tourniquet) followed by its removal to allow coronary recirculation (reperfusion). To evaluate the effects of surgical process, a group of rats (SHAM-operated) was submitted to surgical procedures previously described, but without coronary occlusion. To evaluate cardiac electrical activity in rats submitted to cardiac I/R and SHAM-operated, the ECG system was coupled to animal body to determine the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia (VA), atrio-ventricular blockade (AVB) and lethality (LET). To evaluate injury biomarkers production in rats submitted to cardiac I/R and SHAM-operated, serum concentrations of creatine kinase fraction (MB/CK-MB) and troponin I were determined by biochemical techniques. Using the methodology proposed in this work, we observed that VA, AVB and LET incidence was significantly higher in cardiac I/R group (85%, 79% and 70%, respectively) than in SHAM-operated group (0%, 0% and 0%, respectively). Serum levels of CK-MB and troponin I were also significantly higher in cardiac I/R (1,850 ± 222 U/L and 0.031 ± 0.009 ng/mL, respectively) compared to SHAM-operated group (808 ± 72 U/L and 0.200 ± 0.027 ng/mL). To evaluate efficiency of methodology proposed in this work to study the effect of cardioprotective drugs, the effects of the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (CCB) nifedipine (30 mg/kg, intravenously - IV) in rats submitted to cardiac I/R were studied. The treatment with nifedipine (before ischemia) significantly reduced the incidence of VA (from 85% to 28%), AVB (from 79% to 14%), and LET (from 70% to 14%). These results indicate that the methodology described in the present work is simple, and efficient, to evaluate cardiac functional and biochemical alterations induced by cardiac I/R, and also the study of cardioprotective drugs in rats. This methodology could contribute to the development of new pharmacological cardioprotective strategies for to treatment of ischemic cardiac diseases in humans, such as myocardial infarction.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"120 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78156130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of C-Terminal Truncations on the Aggregation Propensity of and#195;and#381;and#194;and#8216;- Synuclein - A Potential of Mean Force Study","authors":"Airy Sanjeev, V. S. Mattaparthi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000132","url":null,"abstract":"α-Synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein which has a prominent role in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Several familial variants of a-synuclein have been reported to associate with inherited PD. Several studies have highlighted the presence and association of the C-terminus of truncated forms of a-synuclein with Wild type α-synuclein (WT α- syn) at much higher level in patients with Lewy body diseases and they are found to decrease the reductive capabilities and potentially results in permanent oxidation of a-synuclein. To understand the impact of C-terminal truncations on the aggregation propensity of WT α-syn, the inter-molecular interactions between them are critical. Here we demonstrate the interactions between the WT α-syn and its three C-terminal truncations 95 (α-syn 95), 120 (α-syn 120) and 123 (α-syn 123), using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Potential of Mean Force study (PMF). From the PMF study, we observed C-terminal truncation 120 (α-syn 120) to bind strongly to WT a-syn than the other truncated forms of a-synuclein. We also noticed number of hydrogen bonds to be larger, high geometrical shape complementarity score, larger number of interface residues and interface area for the hetero-dimer (WT α-syn-α-syn 120) than other hetero-dimers (WT α-syn - α-syn 95/123). We therefore can infer that among α-syn 95, α-syn 120 and α-syn 123, α-syn 120 to show more association with WT α-syn. This is because in α-syn 120, more amino acids have been removed in comparison to α-syn 123. In contrast, α-Syn 95 shows less interaction with WT α-syn because of the absence of the entire C-terminal region. Our findings suggest that more the truncation on the Cterminal region of α-synuclein more will the effect on its aggregation.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87603383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on the Binding Affinity of Methimazole and Propylthiouracil to Thyroid Peroxidase as an Anti-Thyroid Drug: An Insilico Approach","authors":"S. Pradhan, H. Sarma, Barsha Bharadwaz, V. S. Mattaparthi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000131","url":null,"abstract":"Graves’ disease (GD), an autoimmune disorder, scars majority of women worldwide, causing hyperthyroidism, Graves’s ophthalmopathy and goitre. Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) is an active target of anti-thyroid drugs, Methimazole and Propylthiouracil, which inhibit the enzyme function of catalysing the thyroid hormones synthesis. Most of the protein-drug interaction studies so far have been focussed mainly at in vivo level, or by using Myeloperoxidase and Lactose peroxidases as TPO surrogates for the same. This makes the molecular interaction of TPO with the drugs crucial to understand. In this study, we used the molecular dynamics (MD) to study the molecular interaction differences between TPO201-500 and both drugs. The binding free energy calculation done using Molecular Mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann (MM-PBSA) and generalized Born and surface area continuum solvation (GBSA) results indicated that both drugs bind strongly to TPO201-500, with Propylthiouracil having slightly higher binding energy than Methimazole. We found that both drugs interacted with the residues- Asp238, His239, Phe243, Thr487 and His494 through hydrophobic interactions and formed stable hydrogen bonds with residue Arg491 of TPO201-500. Since both drugs engage residues- Asp238, His239 and His494 which falls within the proximal heme binding site and catalytic site of TPO201-500, we can conclude that these drugs may be conducive in inhibiting the enzymatic activity of TPO201-500.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"269 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79860741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal Focal Jaw Uptake of 153 Sm-Ethylene-Diamine-Tetra- Methylene-Phosphonate (EDTMP) - What is the Reason?","authors":"Mai Elzahry, A. Eder, H. Sinzinger","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000130","url":null,"abstract":"Abnormal focal tracer uptake in the jaw during conventional bone scintigraphy is a quite frequent finding usually not related to malignant disease. In patients undergoing radionuclide therapy with lanthanoids or rhenium, the appearance is also quite frequent. ItAS¼s origin so far has not been studied in a large number of patients. Objective, to evaluate the underlying reason of abnormal focal tracer uptake in the jaw in patients who underwent 153Sm-EDTMP therapy for painful metastatic lesions. Methods, out of 138 patients, 82 revealed a positive result, 60 males and 22 females (mean age: 63.9 ± 13.9years; range 19-90 years), with metastatic bone pain were examined. Their lesions were judged by a dentist clinically and radiologically. Results, the most frequent reason of increased focal uptake in the group of mainly prostate and breast cancer patients was inflammation in 13 (24.5%) and 9 (41%) patients, respectively. In the patients below 70 years of age, inflammation was the most frequent reason with (32.7%) while in the older ones of 70 years, it was mechanically irritated by a prosthesis with (50%). In 4 of the patients, the increased uptake of 153Sm-EDTMP was due to metastatic disease as shown by PET/CT and/or MRI. Conclusion, although the number of secondary lesions in the jaw is small (4.8%), the underlying reason in conventional bone scintigraphy as well as in post-therapeutic scintigraphy should be always evaluated.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"76 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90447178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Men","authors":"N. Khan","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000129","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep apnoea occurs by the blockage of airway/airline when throat muscles relax and soft tissue near the throat collapses during sleep, so due to collapsing of soft tissue the chest muscles and diaphragm work tougher as the pressure generated to open the blocked air route, breathing/inhalation typically continues with a loud-gasp and body-jerk. It supply the poor flow of oxygen in to vital organs in the body, and produce heart rhythm irregularities. Sleep apnoea is the most common sleep issue, common in general population which affect 40-45% of all men on a regular basis. Sleep apnoea may be strongly connected with obesity and hypertension in men, affecting an individual quality of life.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84754706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Anaylsis of Aspirin from Various Analgesic Formulations Using Titrimetry, Spectroscopic and Hypenated Chromatographic Techniques","authors":"Ochieng O Anthony, Hemed S. Moh’d, Mataka A. Mataka, A. Juma, O. J. Odalo, Okoli C. Peter","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000134","url":null,"abstract":"Aspirin, acetyl salicylic acid or 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, has the carboxylic acid functional group hence easier to quantify using a strong alkali like NaOH. In most analgesic drug formulations in tablets form, aspirin is generally bind or compounded with other excipients or substituents which are acidic in nature and has acidic groups thus reacts easily with NaOH, hence making sodium hydroxide not a suitable reagent for quantifying aspirin in multicomponent aspirin tablet formulation. Six different tablets from reputable drug manufacturing company containing aspirin as an active substance were taken. Methods using sodium hydroxide as the main reagent in quantification involves a lot of stoichiometric mathematical manipulations as in case of titrimetric method while UV-VIS spectroscopy via multivariate calibration gave values at lower limit or outside the lower limits of US & BP pharmacopeia with respect to label claims, while the hyphenated chromatographic techniques such as, GC-MS and HPLC gave a very good resolution and very precise results within the pharmacopeia limits.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82615797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Alcoholic Wernicke's Encephalopathy in a Post Bariatric Surgery Patient","authors":"Jacob A. Vincent, S. Pak","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000I109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000I109","url":null,"abstract":"A 38-year-old woman with benign essential hypertension and history of bariatric surgery 2 months ago presented with 1-month duration of worsening confusion, lethargy, and blurry vision. Urinalysis was positive for urinary tract infection (UTI). For preliminary diagnosis of acute encephalopathy secondary to UTI, she was treated with ceftriaxone and intravenous hydration. Physical exam was remarkable for a conjugate gaze palsy, horizontal nystagmus, ataxia, and confusion. Due to lack of improvement in mental status, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her head was performed, which then revealed demonstrated contrast enhancement in the mammillary bodies (Figure 1). This MRI finding and clinical presentation of the patient (extraocular dysfunction, ataxia, and altered mental status), were consistent with diagnosis of nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy. Thiamine level was found to be low at 30.7 μg/dL. In response to intravenous thiamine (500 mg every 8 hours for 2 days, followed by 250 mg daily for 5 days) repletion therapy, she had significant improvement in her mental status, gait stability, and extraocular function.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78177298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrinolytic Enzyme: Restoration Tool for Obliteration of Blood Clots","authors":"Hajra Ashraf, B. Meer, Romasa Naz, A. Saeed, Pervez Anwar","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000138","url":null,"abstract":"Body interrelated complex system maintain body hemostasis but severe vascular injury reprehensible for thrombus formation. Fibrinogen is a prime protein in fibrinolysis. Complex cascade pathway involves in conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to perform fibrinolysis and plasminogen activating inhibitor (PAI) cease this pathway. The genetic and acquired factors influence clot formation while it curbs by factor VIII. This review aims to illustrate significance of fibrinolytic enzymes, Nattokinase, Urokinase, Staphylokinase and streptokinase as therapeutic agent to control myocardial infraction, venous stroke and pulmonary clotting.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86096110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radioactivity: Detection and Measurement","authors":"N. Khan","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000135","url":null,"abstract":"Detection and quantification of emitted radioactive particles such as alpha, beta or high energy gamma and X-rays from a contaminated sample or source can easily be achieved by using different qualitative and quantitative approaches. In contrast to qualitative approach, quantitative methods of radioactivity detection are widely used because of their potential to identify and detect high as well as low radioactivity levels with increased sensitivity and counting accuracy. Gamma /X-Ray spectroscopy, Alpha/r Beta counters, Scintillation detectors including GM counter and LSC detectors are the well-recognized quantitative methods employed for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"86 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74868742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Superior Mesenteric Artery Thrombosis from Necrotic Pancreatitis as a Complication of Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair","authors":"S. Pak, J. Costello, A. Safar","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000I110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000I110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74458697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}