The open nutrition journal最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Macronutrient on Plasma, Liver and Pancreatic Metabolomics and their Hierarchic Weights in the Metabolic Network","authors":"J. Szabó, G. Bruckner, L. Koranyi, N. Solymosi, G. E. Mitchell","doi":"10.2174/1874288201812010040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874288201812010040","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study were to: 1) investigate the specific metabolomic effects of single macro nutrients in cold exposed rats; and 2) Using centrality analysis ascertain the correlations between these metabolomic parameter measurements.Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups and individually housed under cold climatic conditions. Rats were either cold exposed fasted (negative control) or fed with the following commercially available single macronutrients: casein, POLYCOSE® and safflower oil; the positive control diets included all macronutrients. Samples from the plasma, liver and pancreas were collected and 33 different parameters were determined.The primary correlation found between pancreatic hormones and the variables as measured, showed significant positive connections between centrality network node members. Heatmap analysis showed that the macronutrients fed have very differing effects on the metabolomics measured,i.e.casein has a high Heatmap Index on plasma corticosterone while POLYCOSE® and fat had a minimal impact.The cold exposed fasted animal model, in which nutrient catabolism is near maximal, serves as a useful “in vivo” tool for studying the relationships among the nutrients, hormones and digestive enzymes under cold stress conditions; feed intake, liver glucose, and small intestinal amylase hold a high position in centrality mapping and are highly imbedded in the metabolomic networks. For example, this model shed light on the relations amoung hormone and enzyme contents of duodenal pancreas, gastric+splenic pancreas and enzyme activities in small intestinal contents. These findings can be applied to optimizing feeding of animals under cold stress.","PeriodicalId":89036,"journal":{"name":"The open nutrition journal","volume":"11 16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78404503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Website use Associated with the WhyDairy? School-based Nutrition Education Intervention","authors":"E. Sypes, M. Racey, William Albabish, Genevieve Newton","doi":"10.2174/1874288201812010030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874288201812010030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Despite the known health benefits of dairy products, their daily consumption continues to decline, particularly in pre-adolescents and adolescents. It is therefore of interest to develop effective strategies to increase dairy intake and education in this population.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the web-based component of a school-based dairy nutrition intervention called WhyDairy?. Through analysis of popular website content, traversal paths and timing of website access, we aimed to investigate how students used this website and to identify areas of improvement for future research.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Grade 7 students (n=115) in 10 Southwestern Ontario schools received the WhyDairy? intervention, which included three classroom visits and a website that could be voluntarily accessed. Website use data was collected using Google Analytics. The intervention delivered to control schools did not have a website component and is therefore not described in this report.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The website was voluntarily accessed by 33.6% of students participating in the intervention. Almost 70% of website visits occurred within two days following a classroom visit. Popular content included games and interactive pages. While there was moderate engagement with the website during the intervention period, there was poor engagement during the follow-up period.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The utilization of the WhyDairy? website represents students’ interest in independently furthering their knowledge and student engagement with a web-based component of a dairy nutrition intervention. Future work should investigate students’ motivations for accessing the website and how to encourage prolonged website use.\u0000","PeriodicalId":89036,"journal":{"name":"The open nutrition journal","volume":"374 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80547515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abdominal Obesity Index as an Alternative Central Obesity Measurement During a Physical Examination","authors":"Nigel Amankwah, Ryan Brunetti, Vikas S Kotha, C. Mercier, Lin Li, Jing Ding, Zhiyong Han","doi":"10.2174/1874288201812010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874288201812010021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Although BMI (body mass index) has been widely used to determine whether an individual is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese, its clinical usefulness for obesity study has been called into question because it does not specifically describe body fat content and distribution and has limited relevance to central obesity, which is most relevant to health risks. Although imaging techniques are used to determine central obesity, they are expensive and are thus not used in a routine physical examination of patients in medical offices.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Developing an easy-to-use ABOI (Abdominal Obesity index) to measure central obesity during a physical examination.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ABOI is an index utilized to assess central obesity of patients. To determine ABOI, two measurements are taken from the torso; the outer circumference of the thoracic segment, C1, at the xiphoid process and the outer circumference of the abdominal segment, C2, at the point of largest girth. The volume of the abdominal segment is divided by the volume of the thoracic segment to derive ABOI (V2/V1 = [C2]2/[C1]2). Thus, ABOI is the square of the ratio of the circumference of the abdominal segment to the circumference of the thoracic segment of the torso. Moreover, the ABOI does not concern total body weight, body height, or body shape (e.g. “apple-shaped” or “pear-shaped” body types). Instead, ABOI specifically highlights central obesity. We randomly recruited 282 subjects, ages 20-90 years, at a community health service center in Beijing, China, and determined their ABOI and BMI values.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The mean (standard deviation) BMI for the female and male subjects is, respectively, 24.24 kg/m2 (3.35) and 24.86 kg/m2 (3.25). For ABOI, mean (standard deviation) is 1.17 (0.16) and 1.01 (0.13) for females and males, respectively. There is no strict relationship between ABOI and BMI in the context of obesity as defined by high BMI values, and ABOI appears to be a more specific measure of central obesity than BMI.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ABOI is a useful and distinct independent measurement of central obesity, and ABOI (possibly in combination with the waist-to-height ratio) appears to be a more specific way to assess central obesity during a physical examination.\u0000","PeriodicalId":89036,"journal":{"name":"The open nutrition journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76824049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily Oral Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides for Knee Joint Pain in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study","authors":"Mie Nishimura, Nobuyuki Miyamoto, J. Nishihira†","doi":"10.2174/1874288201812010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874288201812010010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The increased rate of population aging in Japan has led to an increase in the incidence of osteoarthritis (OA). Chondroitin sulfate has been reported to reduce the pain and swelling associated with OA and to improve knee function.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We evaluated the safety and effects of oral chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides on knee function in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel group comparison study of healthy Japanese subjects with knee joint pain.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Subjects were randomly divided into test and placebo groups and given either active-test capsules containing 100 mg of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides or placebo capsules daily for 8 weeks. The Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), blood and physical examinations, and medical interviews were performed at weeks 0, 4, and 8, and the locomotive syndrome risk test was performed at weeks 0 and 8 during the test intake period.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The JKOM scores did not significantly differ between the test groups. However, among subjects with worse VAS scores, those in the active test group had significantly lower JKOM scores at 8 weeks, compared to those in the placebo group. Moreover, chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharide treatment tended to improve the subjects' scores on the stand-up test, which evaluates the risk of locomotive syndrome. Furthermore, no abnormal changes or severe adverse events were observed during physical or blood examinations or medical interviews.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our results suggest that chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides improve knee pain and are safe for 8-week intake.\u0000","PeriodicalId":89036,"journal":{"name":"The open nutrition journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89411404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management Strategy of Obesity in the Public Health System: Proposal of a New Model to Optimize Human Resources and Patient’s Motivation","authors":"M. Pellegrini, M. Kob, R. Trovato, Marion Schrei, V. Corazzini, N. Facchin, M. Mazzoldi, L. Lucchin","doi":"10.2174/1874288201812010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874288201812010003","url":null,"abstract":"SHORT COMMUNICATION Management Strategy of Obesity in the Public Health System: Proposal of a New Model to Optimize Human Resources and Patient’s Motivation Massimo Pellegrini, Michael Kob, Rita Trovato, Marion Schrei, Valentina Corazzini, Nicoletta Facchin, Mariantonietta Mazzoldi and Lucio Lucchin Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena, 41125, Italy & Azienda Usl of Reggio Emilia IRCCS, Via Amendola, 2 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Health District of Bolzano, Lorenz-Böhler Street 5, Bolzano, 39100, Italy Clinical Psychological Unit Health District of Bolzano, Lorenz-Böhler Street 5, Bolzano, 39100, Italy","PeriodicalId":89036,"journal":{"name":"The open nutrition journal","volume":"104 1","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77867213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dilemma of Weight Cycling in Obesity: Is It Really a Health Risk Factor?","authors":"M. E. Ghoch, S. Calugi, R. Grave","doi":"10.2174/1874288201812010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874288201812010001","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a serious health problem, officially recognized by The American Medical Association (AMA) as a disease associated with several medical [1] and psychosocial comorbidities [2]. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide in adolescents and adults of both genders [3]. In recent decades, it has doubled in more than 70 countries, and is continuously increasing in most others. Particularly worrisome, however, is the finding that it has approximately tripled in children and young adults in developing and middle-income societies, for example Brazil and China. Indeed, the early onset of obesity is likely to translate into a high cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and high rate of mortality [3].","PeriodicalId":89036,"journal":{"name":"The open nutrition journal","volume":"121 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79442049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feed Intake Patterns and Immediate Glycaemic and Insulinaemic Responses of Horses Following Ingestion of Different Quantities of Starch From Oat, Barley and Grains","authors":"A. Zeyner, K. Romanowski, Aileen Orgis, A. Vernunft, J. Gottschalk, A. Einspanier, G. Koeller, M. Wensch-Dorendorf","doi":"10.2174/1874288201711010039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874288201711010039","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND:\u0000Relevant literature indicate that more than 0.8 g starch/kg body weight from compounded feed composed of different starch sources induces disproportionate glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in horses.\u0000OBJECTIVE:\u0000It should be investigated whether crushed oats, barley and maize also cause a disproportionate increase in plasma glucose and insulin when fed as the only concentrate in quantities equal to and above 0.8 g starch/kg body weight.\u0000METHOD:\u0000Four mares received hay plus oats, barley and maize, respectively, in quantities equal to 0.8, 1.0 and 2.0 g starch/kg body weight. At the test days, chewing parameters were detected and blood sampled before and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the concentrate meal. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured and areas under the curve were calculated.\u0000RESULTS:\u0000Maize was ingested particularly slowly (dry matter basis; P 0.05). A defined increase in plasma glucose induced the highest insulinaemic response with oat grains.\u0000CONCLUSION:\u0000Oats and barley are ingested faster and induce higher glycaemic and insulinaemic responses than maize. Until 120 min postprandial, elevated quantities of starch from these grains seem to induce no disproportionate or at least linear increase of plasma glucose and insulin. The insulinaemic response to a defined increase of plasma glucose is particularly pronounced with oats.","PeriodicalId":89036,"journal":{"name":"The open nutrition journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"39-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89722942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Pro- and/or Prebiotics in Extensively Hydrolyzed or Amino Acid-Based Infant Formula for Food Allergy","authors":"N. Giardina, B. Marriage","doi":"10.2174/1874288201711010027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874288201711010027","url":null,"abstract":"Received: January 27, 2017 Revised: March 30, 2017 Accepted: April 12, 2017 Abstract: Background: The incidence of food allergy is a growing health concern in the United States. Research suggests that there is a link between the gut microbiota and the development of allergy. As a result, researchers propose that gut microbial populations could affect the development and management of immunological disease.","PeriodicalId":89036,"journal":{"name":"The open nutrition journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83176935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding Practices of Children Aged 0-59 Months Accompanying Incarcerated Mothers in Selected Women’s Prisons in Kenya","authors":"M. N. Makau, S. Ochola, D. Mbithe","doi":"10.2174/1874288201711010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874288201711010001","url":null,"abstract":"Infant and young child feeding practices have substantial consequences for the growth, development, and survival of children. Children should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life and thereafter continue to breastfeed for 2 years or longer. Children are vulnerable to malnutrition thus nutrition and health status of the confined children is of interest. The purpose of this study was to establish feeding practices of children 0-59 months incarcerated with their mothers in selected women’s prisons in Kenya. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on an exhaustive sample of 202 children and 193 mothers, drawn from a sample of eight out of the 35 women prisons in Kenya. Data collection tools included: a structured researcher-administered questionnaire for mothers and children. Exclusive breastfeeding rate was 69.4%; continued breastfeeding at 1 and 2 years year (88.5%; 52.2%). The mean Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was 3.52 ± 1.04 foods groups out of 7 groups with 53.3% having attained the minimum DDS and 86.5% of breastfed children having attained the minimum frequency meal consumption. About half of the children (48.6%) attained the minimum acceptable diet. In terms of nutritional status, 21.4% of the children were stunted, 3.8% wasted and 7.5% were underweight. Dietary practices were associated with underweight; not attaining the minimum dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet was associated with underweight (p = 0.012; p = 0.014); Illness 2 weeks prior to the study was correlated with underweight (p=0.012). Feeding practices significantly influenced nutritional status among children accompanying incarcerated mothers in prisons in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":89036,"journal":{"name":"The open nutrition journal","volume":"106 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89014850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rapid and Simple Method for Fatty Acid Profiling and Determination of ω-3 Index in Red Blood Cells","authors":"Olufunmilola Akinyemi, G. Bruckner, John E. Johnson, T. Lennie, D. Hildebrand","doi":"10.2174/1874288201711010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874288201711010017","url":null,"abstract":"Fatty acid profiling has become a very useful and effective tool in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of several diseases with cardiovascular disease being particularly important. In order to arrive at accurate conclusions that would help promote the health of individuals plagued by such diseases, not only excellent laboratory methods are required, but also very important monitoring responses to treatment. Improvements in methods of fatty acid profiling in biological systems regarding safety of extraction, precision and time for analysis are valuable. The ω-3 index (a measure of the amount of eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, in Red Blood Cell membranes expressed as the percent of total fatty acids) is of growing interest because it has been reported to provide prognostic information regarding the risk for heart diseases. Sodium methoxide has been widely used for the determination of ω -3 fatty acids in food samples. This study demonstrates that sodium methoxide can be used effectively in RBC fatty acid profiling and determination of the ω-3 index. Briefly, the fatty acid profiles and ω-3 index of red blood cell samples were analyzed and results compared using three different methods: a twostep extraction and methylation method described by Hara and Radin, a single step extraction and methylation method described by Harris et al. and the sodium methoxide method. Our results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the three methods for the representative fatty acids, [16:0 (p = 0.10), 18:0 (p=0.40), 18:1(ω9) (p = 0.29), 18:2(ω6) (p = 0.95), 18:3(ω3) (p = 0.50), 20:5(ω3) (p=0.56), 22:6(ω3) (p = 0.06)] and ω-3 index (p = 0.11) except for 20:4(ω6), (P = 0.02). In conclusion, we show that sodium methoxide can be used effectively in a one-step extraction and methylation procedure for high throughput analysis of fatty acids in red blood cell membranes. It is rapid (10 minute extraction and methylation), simple, safer than and as accurate as other commonly reported methods.","PeriodicalId":89036,"journal":{"name":"The open nutrition journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77690084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}