Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of drilling and necrosis zone performance of split point drills in surgical cortical bone drilling.","authors":"Pınar Kızılışık, Levent Uğur, Kutay Aydın, Emre Çalışal","doi":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9eca","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9eca","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surgical bone drilling process is unavoidable in orthopedic, traumatological and dental applications for screw, plate and implant placement procedures. The mechanical and thermal effects generated during this process have a direct impact on both surgical success and post-operative recovery. The high axial forces, torque, and local temperature increases that occur during drilling can lead to serious clinical complications such as microcrack formation, thermal necrosis, implant loosening, and delayed bone healing. Therefore, optimizing the cutting tool geometry in bone drilling processes is one of the important focal points of current research. In this study, cortical bone drilling processes performed using split point drills with different geometric parameters and standard drills were investigated. The drilling force, torque, and thermal necrosis formation during drilling were simulated using the finite element method (FEM), and the obtained data were modeled using artificial neural networks (ANNs). A high level of compatibility was achieved between the ANN model and the FEM results, with training and test correlation coefficients and mean error rates calculated as 0.99998, 0.995 02 and 1.84%, respectively. The results showed that split point drills provided significantly lower drilling forces compared to standard drills. The combination of optimum design parameters, namely a 115-degree splitting angle, 0.25 mm split point web thickness, and 7-degree gashing rake angle, resulted in a 46.8% lower drilling force, 4.6% lower torque, and 5.2% lower thermal necrosis compared to the standard drill. These findings demonstrate that split point drill geometry offers significant advantages in surgical bone drilling applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8896,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148824631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-dependent refractive index changes in megavoltage x-ray-irradiated high-density polyethylene measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.","authors":"Katrine Gerassimovitch Eskildsen, Esben Pilgaard Skovsen, Mads Høyrup Brincker","doi":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9e38","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9e38","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This note investigates terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) as a non-destructive technique for detecting radiation-induced changes in high-density polyethylene (HDPE). HDPE samples were irradiated with megavoltage x-rays at doses from 100 Gy to 800 Gy using a medical linear accelerator at a dose rate of 6.00 Gy min^-1. The refractive index, measured with THz-TDS in the range 0.3-2.5 THz, showed an overall positive linear association with absorbed dose (<i>R</i>²= 0.83), corresponding to a sensitivity of 7 × 10^-6Gy^-1with a 95% confidence interval of 4.10-9.84 × 10^-6Gy^-1. The absorption coefficient shows no systematic dependence on dose within the measurement uncertainty. These results provide preliminary evidence that THz-TDS can detect dose-dependent changes in the refractive index of HDPE and may provide a basis for further investigation of polymer-based dosimetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":8896,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148816951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-scale physical-biological coupling of terahertz radiation with skin: implications for dermatological science and translation.","authors":"Wei-Long Li, Hai-Qing Liu, Jing Wu, Shi-Mei Qi, Guang-Ming Xu, Yu Xu","doi":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9e37","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9e37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terahertz (THz) technology holds significant promise for dermatological biomedicine owing to its non-ionizing nature and high sensitivity to polar water molecules. A fundamental understanding of THz-skin interactions is essential for advancing both basic research and clinical translation. This paper first delineates the electromagnetic transmission characteristics of THz radiation in human skin. Specifically, we analyze THz propagation across five key aspects: the dielectric properties and electromagnetic modeling of skin layers, absorption-dominant attenuation in multilayer tissues, localized field modulation by skin microstructures, energy deposition profiles, and the dynamic influence of physiological states on transmission. We further review the multiscale biological effects of THz exposure, spanning from molecular and organelle regulation at the subcellular level to macroscopic physiological and pathological responses<i>in vivo</i>. The roles of radiation dose, waveform, and exposure duration in shaping these spatiotemporal outcomes are clarified. Crucially, we elucidate the cross-scale physical-biological coupling mechanisms underlying these effects. These include indirect transduction networks mediated by water molecules, direct resonance and strong-field mechanical perturbations of biomacromolecules, organelle-specific targeting that reprograms energy metabolism, and response heterogeneity arising from the interplay between physical field strength and cellular state. Finally, we evaluate potential dermatological applications-such as targeted intervention in cutaneous tumors, enhancement of transdermal drug delivery, and neuromodulation of pain and pruritus-and identify core bottlenecks impeding clinical adoption. This work offers a robust theoretical framework and scientific reference for mechanistic studies, experimental design, and the translation of THz technology in dermatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8896,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of noise power spectrum (NPS) peak frequency on CT radiomics features: a computational phantom study.","authors":"Muhammad Rifqi, Choirul Anam, Pandji Triadyaksa, Geoff Dougherty","doi":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9e36","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9e36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to quantify the sensitivity of radiomics features to variations in noise power spectrum (NPS) peak frequency and to develop a robust, physics-driven non-linear correction method to mitigate kernel-induced variability in extracted features. A homogeneous computational phantom was generated to simulate computed tomography (CT) images with varying noise textures. Noise texture was synthesized with NPS peak frequencies () ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 mm^-1across three noise levels (25, 50, and 75 HU). Radiomics features, specifically first order (FO) and gray level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) were extracted. Four mathematical models were evaluated to characterize the feature dependency on. The second-order polynomial model was selected based on the optimization of Akaike information criterion (AIC), root mean square error (RMSE), and adjusted<i>R</i>-squared. Radiomics features sensitivity was assessed using the coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) and the coefficient of variation (COV). A robust correction algorithm was developed to normalize feature values to a reference frequency (= 0.6 mm^-1). The efficacy of the correction was quantified using the percentage improvement (PI) in COV. GLCM features exhibited significantly higher sensitivity toshifts compared to FO features, with a large proportion showing a high coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²≈ 1) and statistical significance<i>p</i>< 0.05. The second-order polynomial correction effectively mitigated the spatial frequency dependency. Post-correction analysis demonstrated that the number of stable features (COV < 10%) increased across all noise levels. Notably, correction parameters for features like GLCM Correlation were consistent across noise magnitude, whereas features like GLCM Contrast required dose-dependent correction factors. Shifts in NPS peak frequency introduce nonlinear variability in radiomics features, disproportionately affecting GLCM metrics. The proposed second-order polynomial correction successfully harmonizes these features in the post-extraction domain. This approach offers a practical solution for standardizing retrospective multicenter.</p>","PeriodicalId":8896,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRIGENDUM: Impact of multimodal information on the estimation of fetal growth indicators using machine learning regression models (2026<i>Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express</i> 12 035005).","authors":"Orlando Castellanos-Diaz, Jorge Perez-Gonzalez, Fernando Arambula-Cosio, Laura Gonzalez-Meza, Lisbeth Camargo-Marin, Mario Guzman-Huerta, Fernanda Vazquez-Salazar, Jesus Aguilera-Perez, Veronica Ortega-Castillo, Veronica Medina-Banuelos, Raquel Valdes-Cristerna","doi":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9e35","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9e35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8896,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of alginate/graphene oxide bio-ink for 3D-printing of electroconductive patches: aiming to cardiac regeneration.","authors":"Fatemeh Edrisi, Nafiseh Baheiraei, Ali Zamanian","doi":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9c49","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9c49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, driving the rapid advancement of cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) as a strategy to develop effective therapeutic interventions. Among its notable achievements is the cardiac patch, a supportive scaffold designed to repair damaged tissue following myocardial infarction. This study selected alginate (Alg) due to its superior biocompatibility and printability for the fabrication of cardiac patches through extrusion-based 3D bioprinting, a novel technology for scaffold construction. To further enhance scaffold performance, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were incorporated into the Alg matrix to improve electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, cell adhesion, and printability. Bioinks comprising 8% Alg and different concentrations of GO (0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg ml^-1) were formulated and thoroughly assessed for their physicochemical characteristics and cytocompatibility. All formulations exhibited suitable rheological characteristics for 3D printing. Moreover, the addition of GO reduced strand thickness, increased pore size, and improved overall printability. Mechanical testing revealed an increase in tensile strength from 0.18 MPa to 0.79 MPa with the addition of 0.2 mg ml^-1of GO, while electrical conductivity reached (0.3 ± 0.00) × 10^-6S m^-1, approaching the range required for CTE. MTT assays demonstrated a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect, showing decreased viability at 0.1 and 0.2 mg ml^-1GO, while scaffolds with 0 and 0.05 mg ml^-1GO preserved high viability. Scanning electron microscopy further confirmed enhanced cell adhesion and filopodia extension in Alg-GO-1 (0.05 mg ml^-1) compared to pure Alg scaffolds. The findings generally suggested that Alg/GO composites, particularly at optimized concentrations, hold significant promise as bioinks for CTE due to their favorable mechanical, electrical, and biological properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":8896,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of an automated MTF measurement method for five types of Catphan phantoms using bar pattern objects.","authors":"Choirul Anam, Ariij Naufal, Evi Setiawati, Noor Diyana Osman, Geoff Dougherty","doi":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9e3a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9e3a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Purpose.</i>To develop an automated method for measuring spatial resolution using the bar pattern objects in Catphan 500, 503, 504, 600, and 604 phantoms.<i>Method.</i>After identifying the phantom's center coordinates and anchor, we used template matching to estimate the position of each bar pattern object. Subsequently, a circular mask was used to segment the objects locally, yielding the accurate center point of each object. A region of interest (ROI) was then drawn on each object, taking into account its position and angle relative to the phantom center. By plotting the modulation transfer function (MTF) derived from the variance method against the spatial frequency of each object, an MTF curve was constructed. To test the robustness of the proposed method, we evaluated the automated algorithm across phantom model variations, geometric modifications, and reconstruction filters. The measurement results were compared with the visual assessments of 10 human observers.<i>Results.</i>The proposed method successfully identified targets and placed ROIs with 100% accuracy across all phantom models and extreme geometric variations. Statistical validation revealed that the automated 10% MTF limits possess a strong and highly significant positive correlation with the visual detection thresholds of human observers. This robust agreement was consistently maintained across all evaluated phantom models (<i>r</i>= 0.96,<i>p</i>= 0.01) as well as the varying reconstruction filters (<i>r</i>= 0.97,<i>p</i>= 0.03). Under geometric modifications (rotations and flips), the method exhibited excellent measurement stability with a coefficient of variation (CoV) of 4.05%.<i>Conclusion.</i>The proposed automated method accurately measures the MTF of bar pattern objects across Catphan models 500, 503, 504, 600, and 604 with 100% target identification accuracy. It demonstrates geometric robustness against image misalignment, shows high sensitivity in quantifying minor resolution degradation, and correlates strongly with human visual thresholds (<i>r</i>⩾ 0.96).</p>","PeriodicalId":8896,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deformable lead-attention fusion network for multi-label ECG classification integrating clinical metadata.","authors":"Enjun Zhou, Xiangyong Kong, Hao Wang, Chenrui Bai","doi":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9e39","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9e39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases remain a major global health burden, making accurate electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis essential for timely diagnosis. While deep learning-based methods have made significant progress in automating ECG classification, they are often limited<b>by</b>the variability of ECG signals, the frequent presence of multiple cardiac abnormalities, and the inadequate integration of diverse clinical data. This study proposes Deformable Lead-Path and Multi-Modal Fusion Network (DLM-Net): a robust deep learning framework for multi-label ECG classification, designed to address these challenges. DLM-Net incorporates several key innovations. First, the Lead-Specific Deformable Path applies deformable convolutions independently to each lead. This enables adaptive modeling of non-rigid and complex waveform variations. It is also enhanced by a high-frequency module, which captures fine-grained temporal details. Secondly, a spatial path based on a ResNet-like backbone and feature pyramid network fuses multi-scale representations in order to effectively capture both global and local ECG patterns. In parallel, the lead path uses a lead attention Transformer to explicitly model inter-lead dependencies. Finally, ECG features from the spatial and lead paths are integrated with clinical tabular data through a multimodal fusion module, in which compact patient-level tabular embeddings provide complementary contextual information for ECG representation. Extensive experiments on three public multi-label ECG datasets- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt-XL, CPSC2018 and Chapman-demonstrate that DLM-Net achieves competitive and stable performance across datasets, with label-wise accuracies of 89.11%, 96.05% and 97.82%, respectively. Overall, DLM-Net provides an effective and flexible framework for multi-label ECG classification, offering improved accuracy and robustness across diverse datasets and demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in handling complex multi-label diagnostic tasks in retrospective settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8896,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-resolved imaging of<i>α</i>particles emitted by the decay products of Pb-212 using a YAP(Ce)-based imaging detector for targeted radionuclide therapy.","authors":"Seiichi Yamamoto, Masao Yoshino, Kazuaki Tsukada, Hidetoshi Kikunaga, Takuya Yokokita, Kenji Shirasaki, Kohei Nakanishi, Kei Kamada, Akira Yoshikawa, Jun Kataoka","doi":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9c48","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae9c48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i>Lead-212 (Pb-212) is attracting considerable interest as a radionuclide fortargeted α-therapy, yet energy-resolved imaging of<i>α</i>particles originating from its decay chain has been technically difficult.<i>Approach.</i>To address this issue, we employed a YAP(Ce)-based<i>α</i>-particle imaging detector to perform energy-resolved imaging of<i>α</i>particles emitted from Pb-212 progeny and evaluated its performance for energy-discriminative<i>α</i>-particle imaging.<i>Main results.</i>The system provided a spatial resolution better than 1.0 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) and an energy resolution of approximately 14.9% (FWHM) for<i>α</i>particles. This performance made it possible to distinguish the two principal<i>α</i>-energy components emitted by the daughter nuclides of Pb-212, even in the presence of partial interference from<i>β</i>particles. To suppress this<i>β</i>-particle contribution, a 1 mm-thick acrylic plate was inserted between the Pb-212 source and the detector to selectively acquire<i>β</i>-particle images, which were then subtracted from the mixed images. The<i>β</i>-particle contribution was partially reduced using the proposed subtraction approach, although the contrast to noise ratio decreased after subtraction.<i>Significance.</i>The results demonstrate that practical energy-resolved imaging of<i>α</i>particles from Pb-212 progeny is achievable and that the proposed subtraction approach has the potential to reduce<i>β</i>-particle interference.</p>","PeriodicalId":8896,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architectural inductive bias in from-scratch CNN training for multi-disease fundus image classification.","authors":"Crisóstomo Barajas-Solano","doi":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae987e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2057-1976/ae987e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates how architectural design influences the behavior of lightweight convolutional neural networks in multilabel classification of retinal diseases using the ocular disease intelligent recognition-5 K dataset. Rather than focusing solely on predictive performance, we analyze multiple complementary dimensions, including accuracy, stability across training runs, inter-model agreement, error complementarity, and image-level consensus. Results show that no single architecture consistently achieves both optimal performance and stability. Moreover, different architectures exhibit distinct prediction patterns and fail on partially disjoint subsets of the data, leading to significant complementarity. Agreement and consensus analyses further reveal that disagreement across models correlates with classification difficulty, suggesting its potential as a proxy for uncertainty. These findings demonstrate that architectural inductive bias plays a central role in shaping model behavior beyond aggregate metrics. Importantly, the observed diversity enables improved performance and reliability through model combination, supporting the development of ensemble-based systems for clinically relevant decision support.</p>","PeriodicalId":8896,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148720240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}