Biological Control最新文献

{"title":"Predation behaviors of Pterostichus melanarius adults on larvae of the soybean gall midge, Resseliella maxima","authors":"Sarah C. von Gries,&nbsp;Amelia R.I. Lindsey,&nbsp;Robert L. Koch","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soybean gall midge, <em>Resseliella maxima</em> Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a pest of soybean that causes significant yield losses. <em>Pterostichus melanarius</em> (Illiger) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) has been reported as the most abundant predator of <em>R. maxima</em> in the field and feeds on <em>R. maxima</em> in the laboratory. Understanding the feeding behaviors of <em>P. melanarius</em> is crucial to determining the potential of this predator as a biological control agent for <em>R. maxima</em>. We conducted laboratory-based experiments on the functional response and prey preference of <em>P. melanarius</em>. The functional response study was performed with densities of <em>R. maxima</em> ranging from 1 to 60 larvae per Petri dish. <em>Pterostichus melanarius</em> exhibited a Type I (i.e., linear) functional response after 1 hr with an estimated handling time (T_h) and attack rate (a) of 0.0054 ± 0.0055 (SE) and 0.7076 ± 0.1339 (SE), respectively. The prey preference study was performed with three different ratios of <em>R. maxima</em> larvae and soybean aphids, <em>Aphis glycines</em> Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) offered as prey. Results indicated that <em>P. melanarius</em> consumed greater ratios of <em>R. maxima</em> to <em>A. glycines</em> than were offered. Overall, the results show that <em>P. melanarius</em> is a voracious predator of <em>R. maxima</em> and prefers <em>R. maxima</em> over <em>A. glycines</em>. These feeding behaviors of <em>P. melanarius</em> suggest promise for biological control of <em>R. maxima</em> by this predator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105679"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining two parasitoids (Asecodes hispinarum and Tetrastichus brontispae) for biological control of coconut leaf beetle","authors":"Qikai Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Jiao ,&nbsp;Hui Lu ,&nbsp;Jihong Tang ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Baoqian Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coconut leaf beetle (CLB), <em>Brontispa longissima</em>, is a major threat to coconut production worldwide, causing widespread and important losses throughout the tropics. Two eulophid parasitoids, larval parasitoid <em>Asecodes hispinarum</em> and pupal parasitoid <em>Tetrastichus brontispae</em>, are the dominant natural enemies of CLB. However, the combined use of these species for biocontrol has not been systematically explored. We analyzed the interactions of <em>A. hispinarum</em> and <em>T. brontispae</em> and evaluated possible deployment strategies by determining the outcomes of releases under realistic agricultural conditions. Our laboratory studies showed that the concurrent release of the two parasitoid species did not reduce either species lifespan or reproductive output, and it significantly enhanced the impact on CLB. A 3:1 ratio of <em>A. hispinarum</em> to <em>T. brontispae</em>, a 10:1 parasitoid-to-pest ratio, and a regimen of five consecutive monthly releases proved to be the most effective strategy in the laboratory. When this combined release approach was used in field trials over a two-year period, there were significant reductions in pest densities and higher parasitism rates than single-species releases. This study highlights the potential of integrating multiple parasitoid species to improve biological control programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae in a novel capsule formulation","authors":"Jermaine D. Perier ,&nbsp;Shaohui Wu ,&nbsp;Steven P. Arthurs ,&nbsp;Michael D. Toews ,&nbsp;David I. Shapiro-Ilan","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The post-application persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) depends on environmental conditions, which affect their efficacy as biocontrol agents in the field. This study evaluated the persistence of the EPN <em>Steinernema feltiae</em> in a novel hydrogel/emulsion capsule formulation under laboratory and field conditions. The new formulation was compared to the traditional aqueous application, using the baiting method with <em>Tenebrio molitor</em> larvae. In laboratory experiments, the capsule formulation of <em>S. feltiae</em> ENO2 strain was compared with aqueous applications of ENO2 and SN strain at 23 °C for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment (DAT) in soil cups. The ENO2 capsule formulation persisted longer than ENO2 aqueous, while SN aqueous also persisted better than the ENO2 aqueous application but was not different from the ENO2 treatment. In field trials, the capsule formulation (applied sub-surface) persisted longer than the aqueous application (applied on the surface) of ENO2 when applied in recommended methods; however, there were no differences between formulations when applied in-furrow (sub-surface) or on the soil surface. Comparing the application methods, the sub-surface application improved the persistence of capsules over the surface application while it did not affect the performance of the aqueous application. Overall, these findings suggest the capsule formulation buried in the soil improves EPN persistence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of aflatoxin B1 by a novel mined aldo–keto reductase from Meyerozyma guilliermondii AF01","authors":"Wan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaojiao Chang ,&nbsp;Yangying Han ,&nbsp;Tiantian Li ,&nbsp;Jianpeng Dou ,&nbsp;Wen Du ,&nbsp;Wenfu Wu ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Changpo Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biocontrol is an effective technology for managing mycotoxin contamination in food, and the improvement of its application depends largely on revealing the degradation mechanisms at the molecular level. Research in this area is much less than that on the screening of degrading strains. In a previous study, <em>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</em> AF01 was confirmed to exert degradation and adsorption effects on aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁). In this study, a potential degradation gene, <em>MG2-4</em>, was mined using a combination of bioinformatics and chemical approaches. The gene was heterologously expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em> Rosetta DE3, and the recombinant protein, Mg aldo–keto reductase (AKR), reacted with AFB₁ <em>in vitro</em>. Moreover, MgAKR rapidly removed AFB₁. The degradation product was identified as aflatoxicol using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which is the same as the degradation product of the AF01 strain. This study reveals that <em>MG2-4</em> is the key AFB₁-degrading enzyme gene in the AF01 strain and lays the foundation for improving AFB₁ removal using the AF01 strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characterization and antifungal activities of two new Trichoderma antagonistic fungi against four apple disease pathogens","authors":"Futao Gao ,&nbsp;Zihao Wang ,&nbsp;Junhua Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenyan Li ,&nbsp;Xunyou Wang ,&nbsp;Xifa Yang ,&nbsp;Youwu Hao ,&nbsp;Shiheng An ,&nbsp;Xinming Yin ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Trichoderma</em> is widely utilized in the biological control of plant diseases. In this study, two antagonistic fungi were isolated from cadavers of <em>Spodoptera litura</em> and <em>Mythimna separata</em>, and were identified as <em>Trichoderma afroharzianum</em> and <em>Trichoderma asperelloides</em>. The mycelia of <em>T. afroharzianum</em> grew fastest on the PSA medium under all light conditions, with soluble starch and peptone serving as the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The optimal pH was 6.0 and the lethal temperature was 57°C. The mycelia of <em>T. asperelloides</em> grew fastest on the PDA medium under all light conditions, with maltose and peptone as the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The optimal pH was 5.0 and the lethal temperature was 58°C. The two strains demonstrated antifungal activity against four apple disease pathogens: <em>Alternaria mali</em>, <em>Collectotrichum gloeosporioides</em>, <em>Botryosphaeria dothidea</em>, and <em>Valsa mali</em>. Antagonistic culture results showed that <em>T. afroharzianum</em> achieved an inhibition percentage exceeding 55 % against all four pathogens, while <em>T. asperelloides</em> exhibited the highest antifungal activity against <em>B. dothidea</em> (67.66 %). The mechanisms for controlling apple pathogens were investigated by measuring the activities of Poly Galacturonase (PG) and β-glucosidase (β-GC). In <em>B. dothidea</em>, the activities of PG and β-GC decreased by 58.92 % and 79.54 % when treated with <em>T. afroharzianum</em> culture filtrates, and decreased by 49.28 % and 89.02 % when treated with <em>T. asperelloides</em> culture filtrates, respectively. These results provide valuable information to support the development of <em>T. afroharzianum</em> or <em>T. asperelloides</em> as microbial fungicides for apple diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat intercropping with canola promotes biological control of aphids by enhancing enemy diversity","authors":"Sohaib Saleem ,&nbsp;Muhammad Omer Farooq ,&nbsp;Muhammad Razaq ,&nbsp;Séverin Hatt ,&nbsp;Farhan Mahmood Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensive agriculture relies largely on monocultures and plant protection chemicals to sustain food security but leaning towards such practices undermines environmental sustainability due to negative impacts towards ecosystem services. This increases the need of biodiversity driven pest management strategies especially for wheat, one of the main food crops, worldwide. In Pakistan, which is comprised in area origin of wheat, we evaluated the biological control potential of canola-wheat strip cropping and alternate row intercropping compared to wheat sole cropping against wheat aphids in crop seasons of 2021 and 2023 in organic and conventional fields. Abundance, evenness and diversity of aphids and natural enemies were lower and higher, respectively, in alternate-row intercropping compared to wheat monocrop in both conventional and organic farm types. Contrarily, pest richness was similar among cropping systems in both farming types in 2023, but natural enemies’ richness was greater in intercropped plots in both the years. Natural enemies’ density and diversity indices proved to be strong predictors of aphid suppression in the fields. Increased enemies and reduced aphids in the diversified systems show positive complementarity among the enemies having different hunting behaviours and suggest the acquisition of floral and prey resources provided by canola. Our study has implications for the management of wheat aphids in its area of origin through ecological intensification at a pilot scale for steering agricultural systems toward agroecological redesign.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol yeast Kurtzmaniella quercitrusa BS-AY-S1 controls postharvest green mold of citrus fruit by producing metabolites with antifungal activity","authors":"Bi Liao ,&nbsp;Ou Chen ,&nbsp;Hongyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Wang ,&nbsp;Lanhua Yi ,&nbsp;Honghai Li ,&nbsp;Kaifang Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green mold caused by <em>Penicillium digitatum</em> is the leading postharvest disease in citrus fruit. While chemical fungicides are commonly used for management, yeast-based biological control strategy offers a promising and eco-friendly alternative. In this study, yeast strains were isolated from citrus orchards and the strain with the best biocontrol efficacy was screened to investigate its mechanisms for controlling postharvest green mold in citrus fruit. In total, 30 yeast strains were isolated from fruits, leaves and soil of two citrus orchards. Subsequently, 8 yeast strains tested <em>in vivo</em> effectively inhibited green mold in citrus fruit, with <em>Kurtzmaniella quercitrusa</em> BS-AY-S1 achieving the best biocontrol efficacy by reducing the disease incidence (DI) by 58.33 % and lesion diameter (LD) by 73.36 % compared to the control on the 6th day. BS-AY-S1 exhibited excellent colonization ability, laying the foundation for its biocontrol efficacy. Furthermore, the antifungal properties of BS-AY-S1 metabolites were evaluated. The fermentation supernatant of BS-AY-S1 effectively inhibited the growth of <em>P. digitatum</em> and controlled green mold in citrus fruit. Additionally, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from BS-AY-S1 markedly reduced the spore germination, spore production and mycelial growth of <em>P. digitatum</em>, and slowing down the progression of green mold in citrus fruit. In total, 20 VOCs, including alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers and ketones produced by BS-AY-S1, were identified by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). In conclusion, BS-AY-S1 demonstrated potential for controlling postharvest green mold in citrus fruit, with its mechanisms of action including the ability to colonize citrus fruit wounds and produce antifungal metabolites and VOCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pyrethroid resistance on the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)","authors":"Albrecht M. Koppenhöfer,&nbsp;Ana Luiza Sousa ,&nbsp;Olga S. Kostromytska ,&nbsp;Shaohui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entomopathogenic nematodes can provide effective control of annual bluegrass weevil, <em>Listronotus maculicollis</em>, larvae, a major golf course turfgrass pest in eastern North America. The nematodes could be particularly useful for the control of insecticide-resistant weevil populations as resistance is a wide-spread problem with this pest. However, the resistance mechanism that appears to be primarily responsible for resistance in the weevil, enhanced enzymatic detoxification, may have the potential to deactivate compounds produced by the nematodes’ symbiotic bacteria that play important roles in the infection process. We compared the efficacy of several nematode species for the management of weevil larvae in populations with different insecticide resistance levels. The resistance level in weevil populations was defined based on the resistance ratio (RR₅₀) of the pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin. In greenhouse experiments, reduced nematode efficacy, particularly of the species <em>Steinernema feltiae</em> and <em>S. carpocapsae</em>, was already observed at moderate resistance levels (RR₅₀ 55–76) with reduction in efficacy of 20–32%. However, in field experiment efficacy was reduced only against a highly resistant weevil population (RR₅₀ 343) with a reduction of control by 16–20% for <em>S. carpocapsae</em>. <em>Steinernema riobrave</em> efficacy was not affected by insecticide resistance but was generally lower than <em>S. carpocapsae</em> efficacy. As most ABW populations are either not affected by resistance or have levels of resistance at which nematode efficacy is not reduced, entomopathogenic nematodes remain a useful tool for annual bluegrass weevil management and delaying insecticide resistance development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial on “Biological control of pests and pathogens in forests: Current status and future trends in the years to come”","authors":"Dimitrios N. Avtzis,&nbsp;Leena Hamberg,&nbsp;Hervé Jactel,&nbsp;Anna Maria Vettraino,&nbsp;Alberto Santini,&nbsp;Antonio Gugliuzzo","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in abundance of Thaumatotibia leucotreta and its natural enemies between organic and conventionally farmed citrus ecosystems","authors":"Luke Cousins ,&nbsp;Mellissa Peyper ,&nbsp;Tamryn Marsberg ,&nbsp;Sean Moore ,&nbsp;Martin Hill","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>False codling moth (FCM), <em>Thaumatotibia leucotreta</em> (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is endemic to southern Africa and is an important pest in a number of fruit industries, most notably, in the South African citrus industry, as it is considered a phytosanitary pest by many export destinations. Citrus packhouses in South Africa have reported lower infestation of <em>T. leucotreta</em> in fruit from organically farmed orchards than conventionally farmed orchards. Therefore, field surveys were conducted to determine if <em>T. leucotreta</em> infestation was lower on organic citrus farms and to compare natural enemy abundance and species richness between the two farming types. In pheromone trap field surveys, wild adult <em>T. leucotreta</em> numbers were significantly higher in conventionally farmed Palmer Navel and Newhall Navel orange orchards than in matching orchards on neighbouring organic farms. Pitfall trapping recorded significantly higher arthropod generalist predator abundance and species richness in organic farms. Organic orchards had a mean of 7.3 (± 0.6, standard error (SE)) distinct predatory species per trap whereas in conventional orchards 3.9 (± 0.4) species were recorded per trap. Ants, rove beetles, pseudoscorpions and crickets were significantly more abundant in organic orchards. No significant difference was found in spider abundance between organic and conventional citrus orchards. Soil from conventional orchards did not reveal a significantly different incidence of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) and entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) isolates than the soil from organic orchards. There was, however, a difference between the dominant species in EPF and EPNs in organic and conventional orchard soils. The EPF<em>, Metarhizium anisopliae</em>, was the dominant species in organic soils (81 % of isolates), while <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> was dominant in conventional soils (66 % of isolates). Of the few EPN isolates obtained, the majority in conventional soils (87 %) were <em>Heterorhabditis zealandica</em>, while in organic soils the majority (75 %) were identified to be <em>H. bacteriophora.</em> The findings of this study provide evidence for reduced <em>T. leucotreta</em> infestation in organic citrus orchards, suggesting increased generalist predator abundance as a possible contributing factor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105668"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}