The open endocrinology journal最新文献_第4页

Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors: A New Step Towards Normoglycemia 二肽基肽酶抑制剂:迈向正常血糖的新一步

The open endocrinology journal Pub Date : 2009-05-05 DOI: 10.2174/1874216500903010016

A. Frédenrich, S. Pallé, B. Canivet

{"title":"Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors: A New Step Towards Normoglycemia","authors":"A. Frédenrich, S. Pallé, B. Canivet","doi":"10.2174/1874216500903010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874216500903010016","url":null,"abstract":"Current medical therapy of type 2 diabetes use drugs targeting either insulin resistance, as metformin and/or glitazones, or insulin secretion, as sulfonylureas or glinides. The incretin effect, mainly due to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), enhances the post-meal secretion of insulin, but its potential pharmacological use is hampered by the very short half-life of GLP-1. The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which inactivates GLP-1, has led to the development of a new class of antidiabetic molecules, the DPP-4 inhibitors, also known as gliptins. Sitagliptin is now commercially available, but many other gliptins are currently under clinical development. Their normoglycemic efficacy is moderate, with a mean HbA1c decrease by 0.7 to 1.1%, and they are well-tolerated, especially with a low risk of hypoglycaemia and no weight gain. In animal studies, they appear to preserve pancreatic ￻ -cell function, by increasing ￻ - cell mass and reducing apoptosis. The clinical significance of these properties requires confirmation by further long-term studies. DPP-4 inhibitors seem to represent an efficient and well-tolerated new class of oral normoglycaemic agents, with a potential beneficial effect on pancreatic function, but their real efficacy and safety have to be firmly assessed in the future, before they could find their appropriate place in the management of type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":88751,"journal":{"name":"The open endocrinology journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68056071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Status of Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Micro Vascular Complications 2型糖尿病微血管并发症的抗氧化酶和脂质过氧化状况

The open endocrinology journal Pub Date : 2009-03-04 DOI: 10.2174/1874216500903010012

M. Kumawat, M. Pahwa, Veena Gahlaut, Neelima Singh

{"title":"Status of Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Micro Vascular Complications","authors":"M. Kumawat, M. Pahwa, Veena Gahlaut, Neelima Singh","doi":"10.2174/1874216500903010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874216500903010012","url":null,"abstract":"In diabetic patients, persistence of hyperglycemia has been reported as a cause of increased production of oxy- gen free radicals. Hyperglycemia could induce oxidative stress and become the main factor for predisposing the complica- tions in diabetes. The study is being aimed to find out the status of lipid peroxidation product i.e. malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) which might be helpful in risk assessment of various complications of diabetes mellitus. The study included 300 subjects (50-70yrs) out of which 150 patients were non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with micro vascular complications and 150 age matched healthy controls. The status of fasting blood sugar (FBS), reduced glutathione (GSH), GPx, GR, CAT, SOD and MDA were determined. Our results showed significant increase (p< 0.001) in FBS, CAT and MDA while GSH, GPx, GR and SOD were found decreased significantly (p< 0.001). The data suggest that alteration in antioxidant status and MDA may help to predict the risk of various micro vascular complications of diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":88751,"journal":{"name":"The open endocrinology journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"12-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68056031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 48

Vitamin D Deficiency as an Ignored Cause of Hypocalcemia in Acute Illness: Report of 2 Cases and Review of Literature 维生素D缺乏是急性疾病低钙血症的一个被忽视的原因:附2例报告及文献复习

The open endocrinology journal Pub Date : 2009-02-18 DOI: 10.2174/1874216500903010001

H. Noto, H. J. Heller

{"title":"Vitamin D Deficiency as an Ignored Cause of Hypocalcemia in Acute Illness: Report of 2 Cases and Review of Literature","authors":"H. Noto, H. J. Heller","doi":"10.2174/1874216500903010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874216500903010001","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the clinical and laboratory findings in 2 cases of hypocalcemia secondary to vitamin D deficiency in intensive care unit and the response of calcium to treatment. We also discuss the mechanism and review pertinent lit- erature. The first patient was admitted due to stroke. Laboratory data included serum calcium 7.6 mg/dl, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) 891.6 pg/ml, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) 7 ng/ml (17.5 nmol/l), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25- OH-D) 43 pg/ml (103.2 nmol/l), and corrected QT (QTc) interval 494 msec. After two weeks of treatment with oral cal- cium and ergocalciferol, serum calcium and intact PTH levels and QTc interval normalized. The second patient was trans- ferred for the management of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection. Laboratory work-up revealed serum calcium 7.7 mg/dl, creatinine 4.3 mg/dl, intact PTH 207.5 pg/ml, 25-OH-D <5 ng/ml (<12.5 nmol/l), 1,25-OH-D <10 pg/ml (<24 nmol/l), and QTc interval 505 msec. After treatment for vitamin D deficiency and infection, we observed normalization of creatinine, corrected calcium, intact PTH and QTc interval. The clinical courses were uneventful in both cases. In conclu- sion, we would like to emphasize that vitamin D status should be evaluated in patients with hypocalcemia in acute settings because vitamin D deficiency is common and readily treatable, and there may be clear life-threatening consequences if it is not treated.","PeriodicalId":88751,"journal":{"name":"The open endocrinology journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68056023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Do Genetic Alterations in Sex Steroid Receptors Contribute to Lacrimal Gland Disease in Sjögren's Syndrome? 性类固醇受体的遗传变异会导致斯约格伦综合征的泪腺疾病吗？

The open endocrinology journal Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874216500903010005

Stephen M Richards, David A Sullivan

{"title":"Do Genetic Alterations in Sex Steroid Receptors Contribute to Lacrimal Gland Disease in Sjögren's Syndrome?","authors":"Stephen M Richards, David A Sullivan","doi":"10.2174/1874216500903010005","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874216500903010005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Defects in sex steroid receptors have been linked to the onset, progression and severity, as well as the sex-related prevalence, of a variety of autoimmune disorders, including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and diabetes. We hypothesize that defects in estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) and/or the androgen receptor (AR) may also contribute to the development of lacrimal gland autoimmune sequelae in Sjögren's syndrome. To begin to test this hypothesis, we examined whether mutations exist in the coding regions of ESR1, ESR2 and AR transcripts in lacrimal tissues of mouse models of Sjögren's syndrome. METHODS: Lacrimal and submandibular glands were collected from adult MRL/MpJ-Tnfrsf6(lpr), nonobese diabetic and/or BALB/c mice. Tissues were pooled according to sex and experiment and processed for cDNA generation. PCR primers were designed to amplify 566-875 base pair segments of the entire open reading frame of each receptor. Segments were amplified, purified and then sequenced. Receptor sequences were assembled and compared to each other and to known NCBI sequences. RESULTS: Our results show that almost all ESR1, ESR2 and AR sequences in exocrine tissues of male and female autoimmune and non-autoimmune mice were identical to those of NCBI standards. There was a G-->A shift at position 998 of the ESR2 complete coding sequence in all tissue samples when compared to NCBI reference sequence U81451.1, but this polymorphism was not found in other ESR2 reference sequences. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that defects in the coding region of sex steroid receptors do not contribute to the pathogenesis of lacrimal gland disease in mouse models of Sjögren's syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":88751,"journal":{"name":"The open endocrinology journal","volume":"3 ","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789469/pdf/nihms-149925.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28583477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship Between RKIP Protein Expression and Clinical Staging in Thyroid Carcinoma 甲状腺癌RKIP蛋白表达与临床分期的关系

The open endocrinology journal Pub Date : 2008-12-17 DOI: 10.2174/1874216500802010016

B. Trojanowicz, Ting Fu, O. Gimm, C. Sekulla, R. Finke, H. Dralle, C. Hoang‐Vu

引用次数: 2

Type 1 Diabetes Versus Type 2 Diabetes/Metabolic Syndrome, Opposite Extremes of an Immune Spectrum Disorder Induced by Vaccines 1型糖尿病与2型糖尿病/代谢综合征:疫苗引起的免疫谱紊乱的两个极端

The open endocrinology journal Pub Date : 2008-08-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874216500802010009

J. Classen

{"title":"Type 1 Diabetes Versus Type 2 Diabetes/Metabolic Syndrome, Opposite Extremes of an Immune Spectrum Disorder Induced by Vaccines","authors":"J. Classen","doi":"10.2174/1874216500802010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874216500802010009","url":null,"abstract":"There is an epidemic in children of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome including individual diseases that form the components of metabolic syndrome. The epidemic resembles the epidemic of type 1 diabetes in children which has been linked to immunization. The epidemic of obesity in US children has a statistically significant positive correlation with the number of vaccine doses recommended. There is a similar trend with both hypertension and metabolic syndrome. The incidence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese children decreased significantly following the discontinuation of the BCG vaccine, a vaccine which is associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes. This paper describes two aberrant re- sponses to immunization. At one extreme immunization leads to progressive autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabe- tes. A second response to immunization, and an opposite extreme to autoimmunity, is for the body to suppress the im- mune system through increased cortisol activity and other counter measures leading to type 2 diabetes and metabolic syn- drome. Some vaccine recipients may have a mixed response, falling between the extremes, such as an incomplete auto- immune disorder or an intermittent autoimmune disorder. The propensity to develop a particular response relates to race. Japanese children produce large amounts of cortisol following immunization and have lower risk of type 1 diabetes but higher risk of type 2 diabetes than White children. Analysis using Austin Bradford-Hill criteria for causation support a causal relation between immunization and metabolic syndrome. Additional studies are needed to further characterize this risk.","PeriodicalId":88751,"journal":{"name":"The open endocrinology journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68056435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Will Statin Use Prevent Fracture of Type 2 Diabetes Associated with Thiazolidinedione Treatment? A Mini-Review and a Hypothesis 他汀类药物能预防与噻唑烷二酮治疗相关的2型糖尿病患者骨折吗?一个小回顾和一个假设

The open endocrinology journal Pub Date : 2008-04-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874216500802010005

C. Peng, Yi-Sun Yang, Kuan-Chou Chen, C. Peng, Chien-Ning Huang

引用次数: 1

Discontinuation of BCG Vaccination Precedes Significant Drop in Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Children. Role of Inflammation and Cortisol Activity as a Cause of Type 2 Diabetes 日本儿童停止接种卡介苗导致2型糖尿病显著下降炎症和皮质醇活性在2型糖尿病发病中的作用

The open endocrinology journal Pub Date : 2008-04-03 DOI: 10.2174/1874216500802010001

J. Classen

引用次数: 6

Elevated C-Reactive Protein, Abdominal Obesity, and Glucose Tolerance Status in Japanese-Brazilians 日裔巴西人c反应蛋白升高、腹部肥胖和葡萄糖耐量状况

The open endocrinology journal Pub Date : 2007-09-04 DOI: 10.2174/1874216500701010001

M. Cardoso, F. Hu, S. Gimeno, L. Franco, A. Hirai, S. R. Ferreira

引用次数: 0