Signal transduction最新文献_第3页

Protein and lipid signaling in membrane fusion: nuclear envelope assembly 膜融合中的蛋白质和脂质信号:核膜组装

Signal transduction Pub Date : 2007-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/SITA.200600128

B. Larijani, D. Poccia

{"title":"Protein and lipid signaling in membrane fusion: nuclear envelope assembly","authors":"B. Larijani, D. Poccia","doi":"10.1002/SITA.200600128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SITA.200600128","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane fusion is important in many cell processes including membrane trafficking, mitotic reconstitution of organelles, viral infection and fertilization. Several fusion events occur just prior and subsequent to fertilization in the sea urchin, including the sperm acrosomal reaction, fusion of sperm and egg plasma membranes, exocytosis of cortical granules, reassembly of the sperm nuclear envelope and fusion of the male and female pronuclear envelopes leading to the zygote nucleus of the one-cell embryo. The study of male pronuclear membrane dynamics with cell-free extracts of fertilized sea urchin eggs has revealed several novel features, in particular a structural role arising from altering phospholipids prior to nuclear membrane formation. Fusion of chromatin-bound membrane vesicles in vitro can be triggered by either GTP hydrolysis or exogenous phosphatidyl inositol phospholipase C (PI-PLC). Recent data strongly implicate a role for diacylglycerol in nuclear envelope formation as a structural destabilizing lipid in membrane fusion. Moreover, the endogenous enzyme, PI-PLCγ, is >100-fold enriched in a nuclear envelope precursor vesicle population (MV1) that is required for nuclear envelope assembly. NMR and mass spectrometry analyses show that MV1 contains high levels of phosphoinositides, including the substrate of PLCγ, compared to the other nuclear envelope precursor membranes. MV1 exists in eggs as vesicles in the cortex distinct from the endoplasmic reticulum which contributes most of the nuclear envelope membrane. PLCγ is activated by a tyrosine kinase in response to GTP hydrolysis at an early stage of nuclear envelope formation suggesting a role in initiation of fusion and revealing aspects of a signaling mechanism leading to fusion. The binding of MV1 to two poles of the sperm nucleus offers spatial as well as temporal control of the initiation phase.","PeriodicalId":88702,"journal":{"name":"Signal transduction","volume":"52 3","pages":"142-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SITA.200600128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50951022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Mutual antagonism of SoxB1 and canonical Wnt signaling in sea urchin embryos SoxB1和典型Wnt信号在海胆胚胎中的相互拮抗作用

Signal transduction Pub Date : 2007-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/SITA.200600110

L. Angerer, A. Kenny, Laurel A. Newman, R. Angerer

{"title":"Mutual antagonism of SoxB1 and canonical Wnt signaling in sea urchin embryos","authors":"L. Angerer, A. Kenny, Laurel A. Newman, R. Angerer","doi":"10.1002/SITA.200600110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SITA.200600110","url":null,"abstract":"Early development of animal embryos involves establishing axial polarities that specify the anlage of major tissues in a 3-dimensional pattern. Cell fates are specified on this coordinate system through a combination of differential inheritance of maternal regulatory molecules and signaling interactions among cells. Correct patterning of cell fates along the primary axis of the sea urchin embryo depends on tightly regulating the ratio of activities of two nuclear regulatory proteins, SoxB1 and nuclear β–catenin. The latter acts at the top of the gene regulatory network that specifies mesoderm and endoderm and activates, directly or indirectly, signaling by Delta, Wnt8 and Nodal. In contrast, SoxB1 initially accumulates in all nuclei but is progressively eliminated from presumptive mesoderm and endoderm by β-catenin-dependent transcriptional repression and by localized protein turnover, a novel pathway acting downstream of canonical Wnt signaling. A precise temporal program for SoxB1 down regulation is crucial for endomesoderm development because SoxB1 interferes with β–catenin's transcriptional regulatory function. The mechanisms we are beginning to understand that govern the β–catenin-SoxB1 antagonism in sea urchin embryos are likely to have broad significance, since Sox factors are involved in regulating many developmental processes in many deuterostome embryos.","PeriodicalId":88702,"journal":{"name":"Signal transduction","volume":"33 39","pages":"174-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SITA.200600110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50951004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The many faces of egg activation at fertilization 受精时卵子激活的许多方面

Signal transduction Pub Date : 2007-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/SITA.200600122

M. Leguia, G. Wessel

{"title":"The many faces of egg activation at fertilization","authors":"M. Leguia, G. Wessel","doi":"10.1002/SITA.200600122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SITA.200600122","url":null,"abstract":"The signaling networks controlling calcium release and cortical granule exocytosis at fertilization are complex and multilayered, providing various points for regulatory input and quality control. Though it is clear that many of the mechanisms leading to both calcium release and cortical granule exocytosis are conserved, a great deal of variability exists between homologous signaling pathways in different species. The signaling pathways responsible for the release of calcium seen at fertilization vary from species to species, yet they center around the importance of IP3-mediated signaling. Similarly, while there are differences in the mechanisms of regulated secretion between species and between intracellular membrane trafficking events, particularly with respect to time and space, all seem to be dependent on the SNARE proteins and their regulator and effector proteins. What has been most helpful in these studies is the convergence of studies from many different species of eggs. With the amazing divergence of reproductive processes and mechanisms that exists throughout phylogeny, it is comforting to see such strong overlapping roles of key players in widely disparate eggs.","PeriodicalId":88702,"journal":{"name":"Signal transduction","volume":"22 3","pages":"118-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SITA.200600122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50950777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

“Birth of the cool”: Using sea urchin zygotes to study centrosome duplication, cell division, and cytokinesis “酷的诞生”:利用海胆受精卵研究中心体复制、细胞分裂和细胞质分裂

Signal transduction Pub Date : 2007-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/SITA.200600124

Elizabeth S. Halpin, E. Hinchcliffe

{"title":"“Birth of the cool”: Using sea urchin zygotes to study centrosome duplication, cell division, and cytokinesis","authors":"Elizabeth S. Halpin, E. Hinchcliffe","doi":"10.1002/SITA.200600124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SITA.200600124","url":null,"abstract":"The successful division of the cell depends on several morphological events that must be coordinated in a cell cycle dependent fashion. Crucial to this process is the remodeling of the cytoskeleton to both establish the bipolar spindle during mitosis, and cleave the cell into two daughters during cytokinesis. From the standpoint of the cytoskeleton, this process begins during interphase with the duplication of the centrosome; it is the two daughter centrosomes that will assemble the poles of the mitotic spindle and establish its necessary bipolarity. Following the cell cycle transition into mitosis, the spindle must assemble in order to properly align the sister chromatids at the center of the cell, and release the “wait anaphase checkpoint”. As the spindle transports the disjoined sister chromatids to the spindle poles, the cell must rapidly undergo cytokinesis, cleaving the cell into two – the plane of cleavage being established by the spindle itself. Understanding the temporal regulation and molecular basis for these events has come from extensive experiments using a variety of model systems, and has benefited from cell biological, molecular genetic, and biophysical approaches. One of the earliest and most important model systems for studying mitosis is the sea urchin zygote. With their large size, rapid/synchronous cell cycles, and advantages for conduct of biochemical and cytological investigations on the same system, fertilized sea urchin eggs have revealed many of the fundamental properties of centrosome duplication, cell division and cytokinesis. Here we review several key studies that have utilized the sea urchin zygote to explore mechanisms that coordinate and drive two of the major cytoskeletal events of mitotic division – centrosome duplication and cytokinesis.","PeriodicalId":88702,"journal":{"name":"Signal transduction","volume":"23 10","pages":"154-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SITA.200600124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50950826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Integrin signaling in early sea urchin development 整合素信号在海胆早期发育中的作用

Signal transduction Pub Date : 2007-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/SITA.200600120

R. Burke, Andrea Matviw

{"title":"Integrin signaling in early sea urchin development","authors":"R. Burke, Andrea Matviw","doi":"10.1002/SITA.200600120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SITA.200600120","url":null,"abstract":"The eggs and cleavage stage embryos of many animals express integrins and signal transduction components, yet comparatively little is known of the signaling complexes formed or the role of integrin signaling in early development. Genomic approaches have revealed the complement of integrin signaling components expressed in early sea urchin development. We review what is known about the distribution and function of integrins, integrin ligands, and integrin signal transduction proteins expressed during this critical phase of development. Immediately after fertilization integrins are expressed on the apical surface of the egg where the receptors interact with several potential ligands in the hyaline layer. The apical integrin complex is essential for reorganization of the egg cortex. During cleavage the blastocoel forms and a second integrin complex forms on the basal surface of blastomeres interacting with basal lamina components of the extracellular matrix. The integrin subunits of the apical and basal complexes differ and localization data indicate the apical and basal complexes may contain different scaffolding proteins and different kinases. We propose that there are two independent integrin-based signaling complexes formed during cleavage and blastula formation that may have distinct and essential functions in early development. The sea urchin is an excellent model for studies of these pathways and a number of approaches are available to determine their roles in early development.","PeriodicalId":88702,"journal":{"name":"Signal transduction","volume":"47 10","pages":"207-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SITA.200600120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50951228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A genomic view of TGF‐β signal transduction in an invertebrate deuterostome organism and lessons from the functional analyses of Nodal and BMP2/4 during sea urchin development 无脊椎动物后口动物TGF - β信号转导的基因组观及海胆发育过程中Nodal和BMP2/4的功能分析

Signal transduction Pub Date : 2007-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/SITA.200600125

F. Lapraz, Véronique Duboc, T. Lepage

{"title":"A genomic view of TGF‐β signal transduction in an invertebrate deuterostome organism and lessons from the functional analyses of Nodal and BMP2/4 during sea urchin development","authors":"F. Lapraz, Véronique Duboc, T. Lepage","doi":"10.1002/SITA.200600125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SITA.200600125","url":null,"abstract":"Echinoderms are marine invertebrates but are phylogenetically much more related to the chordates, to which we belong, than are other invertebrate model organisms like Drosophila or C. elegans. The recently available sequence of the sea urchin genome offers an opportunity to draw an inventory of the developmental genes represented in a non-chordate deuterostome and to compare this complement with that present in vertebrates and other invertebrates. In the first part of this review, we draw an inventory of the genes acting in the TGF-β signal transduction pathway and describe the sea urchin complement of ligands, receptors, Smads, extracellular modulators and transcriptional regulators present in the genome of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. In the second part of this review, we describe the results of recent studies addressing the function of some of these TGF-β during sea urchin embryogenesis. Finally, we discuss hypotheses regarding a possible ancestral function of the Nodal/Lefty signalling pathway in deuterostomes.","PeriodicalId":88702,"journal":{"name":"Signal transduction","volume":"65 2","pages":"187-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SITA.200600125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50950896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Editorial: The sea urchin and cellular and developmental signaling mechanisms 社论:海胆与细胞和发育信号机制

Signal transduction Pub Date : 2007-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/SITA.200790012

D. Poccia

引用次数: 0

Specification and patterning of the animal‐vegetal axis in sea urchins by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway 海胆动物-植物轴的典型Wnt信号通路的规范和模式

Signal transduction Pub Date : 2007-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/SITA.200600127

S. Kumburegama, A. Wikramanayake

{"title":"Specification and patterning of the animal‐vegetal axis in sea urchins by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway","authors":"S. Kumburegama, A. Wikramanayake","doi":"10.1002/SITA.200600127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SITA.200600127","url":null,"abstract":"Pattern formation along the sea urchin A-V axis is initiated by the selective activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in vegetal blastomeres. Activation of this pathway is essential for deployment of the endomesoderm gene regulatory network (EGRN), and for pattern formation along the entire A-V axis. During early embryogenesis the canonical Wnt signaling pathway is selectively activated by Dishevelled (Dsh), a critical activator of the Wnt pathway. Dsh is highly enriched in vesicular structures at the vegetal pole in eggs and early embryos, and selective activation of this protein leads to the nuclearization of β-catenin in the endomesoderm. Following activation of canonical Wnt signaling by Dsh, signaling by β-catenin and the Lef/Tcf transcription factors regulates endomesoderm specification by activating the EGRN. One critical early target of nuclear β-catenin is Wnt8, which is selectively expressed in the micromeres at the 16-cell stage and in the macromeres one cleavage division later. Wnt8 signaling is not required for the endomesoderm-inducing activity of the micromeres, but this protein regulates primary mesenchyme cell differentiation. Within the endomesodermal domain Wnt8 regulates the later specification of endoderm and mesoderm. These results have highlighted the important role of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in patterning the A-V axis in the sea urchin embryo, and have strongly suggested that this axis is initially specified by a cytoplasmic/cytoarchitectural mechanism to activate Dsh in vegetal blastomeres. Additionally, this work along with work in vertebrates and cnidarians has shown that the canonical Wnt pathway plays a conserved role in early pattern formation in metazoan embryos.","PeriodicalId":88702,"journal":{"name":"Signal transduction","volume":"112 2","pages":"164-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SITA.200600127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50950961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Avian influenza virus signaling: implications for the disease severity of H5N1 infection 禽流感病毒信号:对H5N1感染疾病严重程度的影响

Signal transduction Pub Date : 2007-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/SITA.200600117

Davy C. W. Lee, A. Lau

{"title":"Avian influenza virus signaling: implications for the disease severity of H5N1 infection","authors":"Davy C. W. Lee, A. Lau","doi":"10.1002/SITA.200600117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SITA.200600117","url":null,"abstract":"The global outbreak of avian influenza virus infections in poultry and wild birds as well as the high mortality rate in patients infected with the viruses pose a worldwide alert to the risk of an emerging epidemic. Scientific data to date showed some strains of avian influenza viruses including H5N1 are capable of going through mutations to develop into a novel, pandemic strain of influenza virus. Recent research has advanced our knowledge of the biological behavior of the virus, its interactions with mammalian cells, downstream signal transduction pathways, and the antiviral immune responses. A better understanding of the virus-activated signaling pathways will provide new clues to delineate the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of avian influenza virus infection. Here, we reviewed the contributions of human and avian influenza virus virulence factors including hemagglutinin HA, RNA polymerase, and nonstructural protein NS1. We next discussed the interaction of the viruses with cellular factors including Toll-like receptor TLR, RIG-I/MDA5, signaling kinases including PKR, MAPK and PI3K, and transcription factors NF-κB and IRF. Finally, we commented on the role of apoptosis and caspase activation as important host defense mechanisms. Taken together, virus replication and its activated inflammation contribute to the severity of avian influenza infections.","PeriodicalId":88702,"journal":{"name":"Signal transduction","volume":"59 1","pages":"64-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SITA.200600117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50951181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax‐induced signals in cell survival, proliferation, and transformation 人类T细胞白血病病毒1型在细胞存活、增殖和转化中的诱导信号

Signal transduction Pub Date : 2007-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/SITA.200600119

Katrin Silbermann, R. Grassmann

{"title":"Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax‐induced signals in cell survival, proliferation, and transformation","authors":"Katrin Silbermann, R. Grassmann","doi":"10.1002/SITA.200600119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SITA.200600119","url":null,"abstract":"Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a delta-retrovirus, causes an aggressive malignancy of T lymphocytes called adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma and stimulates permanent cell growth in culture. The virus encodes a nonstructural regulatory protein, Tax, which is both transforming in cell culture and oncogenic in vivo. This multifunctional protein controls viral transcription and in multiple ways interferes with cellular control of survival, proliferation, and genomic stability. Tax, by activation of NF-κB, AP-1, and other transcriptional pathways, enhances expression of cellular genes encoding cytokines (e.g. IL-13, IL-15), cytokine receptors (e.g. IL-2Rα), and antiapoptotic factors (Hiap-1, Bcl-xL, OX40), leading to altered signal transduction (e. g. Jak/Stat, PI3K, Caspase 3/7). Cellular proliferation is stimulated by direct targeting of the cell cycle kinase (Cdk4, Cdk6) holoenzymes, repression of Cdk inhibitors, and the functional inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53. Finally, Tax, by promoting genomic instability through interference with DNA-damage signaling, checkpoint control (G2/M, mitotic spindle assembly), chromosome segregation, and cellular DNA repair pathways could contribute to malignant conversion of infected cells.","PeriodicalId":88702,"journal":{"name":"Signal transduction","volume":"49 2","pages":"34-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/SITA.200600119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50951218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8