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Journal of Natal and Zulu history最新文献

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Evaluating the Legacy of Nonviolence in South Africa 评估南非非暴力运动的遗产
Journal of Natal and Zulu history Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02590123.2013.11964200
G. Presbey
{"title":"Evaluating the Legacy of Nonviolence in South Africa","authors":"G. Presbey","doi":"10.1080/02590123.2013.11964200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964200","url":null,"abstract":"Nelson Mandela departed from Gandhian nonviolence when he asserted that apartheid rule made resort to violence by the African National Congress necessary. Mandela claimed that the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa was strengthened by including both violence and nonviolence. This paper investigates the claims of several authors who claim that South Africa would have gained freedom from apartheid more quickly if it had remained purely nonviolent. It finds the claims plausible, when argued carefully. But some historians and nonviolence advocates have oversimplified the story of the anti-apartheid struggle and give the impression that the struggle was more nonviolent than it was.","PeriodicalId":88545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natal and Zulu history","volume":"31 1","pages":"139 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59312632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
“Strange Bedfellows”: Gandhi and Chinese passive resistance 1906–11 “奇怪的同床异梦”:甘地与中国的消极抵抗(1906-11)
Journal of Natal and Zulu history Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02590123.2013.11964193
K. Harris
{"title":"“Strange Bedfellows”: Gandhi and Chinese passive resistance 1906–11","authors":"K. Harris","doi":"10.1080/02590123.2013.11964193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964193","url":null,"abstract":"Over a century since Gandhi's historic and personally decisive sojourn in colonial southern Africa, the vast corpus of literature in the Western world on the Mahatma has continued to expand unabated, while the “machines of Gandhi hagiography” are still said to “continue to churn out massive volumes in present-day India”.2 Indeed, this commemorative issue of the Journal of Natal and Zulu History is testimony to this legacy and ongoing fascination, and in particular commemorates a centenary of his global bequest of satyagraha (passive resistance) launched in southern Africa. While much of the literature produced on Gandhi continues to adhere to what Dilip Menon has called the “straight and narrow“3 or what Tanika Sarkar refers to as “icon making“4, with a persistent veneration of the Mahatma, others have ventured to question, probe, reappraise and reassess a range of dimensions of the Gandhian epoch.5 One aspect that has increasingly come under scrutiny is Gandhi's relations with other non-Indian communities, particularly as regards his time in South Africa and the emergence of satyagraha.6 This ties in with a wider concern about the possible contradictions in his professed rejection of racism and his claim to universalism. It is in this context that his apparent failure to ally with any other ethnic grouping within South Africa is questioned.7 And it is to this aspect of the satyagraha movement that this article turns, with particular reference to Chinese resistance at the turn of the century.","PeriodicalId":88545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natal and Zulu history","volume":"31 1","pages":"14 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59312955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Satyagraha on Natal's Coal Mines 纳塔尔煤矿Satyagraha
Journal of Natal and Zulu history Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02590123.2013.11964194
K. Hiralal
{"title":"Satyagraha on Natal's Coal Mines","authors":"K. Hiralal","doi":"10.1080/02590123.2013.11964194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964194","url":null,"abstract":"The Satyagraha campaign of 1913 was the first mass protest by Indians in South Africa. Well over 20,000 men, women and children participated in the struggle against discriminatory measures. Defiance took several forms: individual acts of hawking without a licence, defying immigration laws, and protests on the coal mines. This article charts the mine owners' response to the Satyagraha movement on the coal mines in the Natal Midlands. Indian workers were not striking to address traditional grievances: higher wages, better working conditions or housing. Their grievance was political, centred mainly on the £3 tax, and they felt the compulsion to heed Gandhi's call to cease work. In most instances, the striking miners aimed at co-operation rather than confrontation with the government and employers. The strike could have provided an opportunity to the mine employers to declare their opposition to the £3 tax — one of the main grievances of the Indian workers — and persuade the Government to abolish it. But, instead, the employers not only supported the tax but called upon the government for assistance to enforce it, which was not withheld. This paper shows how state and capital collectively joined forces to quell the strike as the proposed tax was mutually beneficial: the state sought to maintain the political status quo of the Indian community and the capitalists were assured of their labour supply. This symbiotic relationship between state and capital mooted during this period characterised the South African economy in the 20th century and had serious implications for worker grievances and labour legislation in ensuing decades.","PeriodicalId":88545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natal and Zulu history","volume":"31 1","pages":"39 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59312969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
“Gagged and trussed rather securely by the law”: The 1952 Defiance Campaign in Natal “被法律牢牢地塞住嘴巴和捆绑”:1952年纳塔尔的反抗运动
Journal of Natal and Zulu history Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02590123.2013.11964196
G. Vahed
{"title":"“Gagged and trussed rather securely by the law”: The 1952 Defiance Campaign in Natal","authors":"G. Vahed","doi":"10.1080/02590123.2013.11964196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964196","url":null,"abstract":"For almost half a century after the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910, Black1 South Africans responded to the segregationist policies of successive white minority governments principally through non-violent techniques of resistance, such as boycotts, civil disobedience, mass demonstrations, and strikes. The movement led by Mohandas K. Gandhi in 1913 and the 1946–48 campaign in Natal against the “Ghetto Act” are two prominent instances of non-violent mass civil disobedience prior to the National Party (NP) coming to power in 1948. The new government began almost instantly to implement its policy of apartheid which, while never static, entailed severe control of African movement in urban areas, the creation of reserves for Africans, white control of political institutions, and strict segregation of Indians and Coloureds.","PeriodicalId":88545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natal and Zulu history","volume":"273 1","pages":"68 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59313023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
An Approach to Peace: Gandhi on Conflict Resolution through Satyagraha 和平之道:甘地通过非暴力非暴力运动解决冲突
Journal of Natal and Zulu history Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02590123.2013.11964199
N. Nimbalkar
{"title":"An Approach to Peace: Gandhi on Conflict Resolution through Satyagraha","authors":"N. Nimbalkar","doi":"10.1080/02590123.2013.11964199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964199","url":null,"abstract":"Gandhi's struggle called Satyagraha was a complex process of changing those involved in conflict so that the conflict is resolved. It was a deeply spiritual action. Satyagraha was an important constituent of Gandhi's programme of national self-purification. Gandhi distinguished between passive resistance and Satyagraha. The basic postulate of Satyagraha rests on the belief in the inherent goodness of human nature, where moral power and capacity to suffer even for the opponent are evident. Satyagraha was and can be used as a method to resolve conflict and to manage oneself in the face of opposition. Gandhi developed an understanding of Satyagraha in terms of its metaphysics, its philosophy, its technique and its dynamic, as well as its positive function in individual and social life.","PeriodicalId":88545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natal and Zulu history","volume":"31 1","pages":"130 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59313075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
In the end it was academic: Responses to the establishment of the University College for Indians 最后，它是学术性的:对印度人大学学院建立的回应
Journal of Natal and Zulu history Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02590123.2013.11964184
G. Vahed
{"title":"In the end it was academic: Responses to the establishment of the University College for Indians","authors":"G. Vahed","doi":"10.1080/02590123.2013.11964184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964184","url":null,"abstract":"It will be wrong to advise an Indian father or a prospective student what choice he should make. Each person must accept the responsibility for his own decision, since whatever decisions he makes there will be sacrifices. On the one hand an answer must be sought to the question — what will become of our children if we do not send them to the university? And on the other hand, we must ask what will be the consequences for the Indian community and for our children, if they do enrol in the Indian college?1","PeriodicalId":88545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natal and Zulu history","volume":"31 1","pages":"22 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59311736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Theatre of Struggle: Black Consciousness on Salisbury Island 斗争剧场:索尔兹伯里岛上的黑人意识
Journal of Natal and Zulu history Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02590123.2013.11964187
Ashwin Desai
{"title":"Theatre of Struggle: Black Consciousness on Salisbury Island","authors":"Ashwin Desai","doi":"10.1080/02590123.2013.11964187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964187","url":null,"abstract":"Most modern institutions of education, despite the apparent neutrality of the materials from which they are constructed (red brick, white tile, etc.) carry within them implicit ideological assumptions which are literally structured into the architecture itself. The categorization of knowledge into arts and sciences is reproduced in the faculty system which houses different buildings … moreover, the hierarchical relationship between teacher and taught is inscribed in the very layout of the lecture theatre with the seating arrangements … dictating the flow of information and serve to naturalise professorial authority. Thus a whole range of decisions about what is and is not possible within education have been made, however unconsciously, before the content of the individual courses is decided.","PeriodicalId":88545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natal and Zulu history","volume":"31 1","pages":"101 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59312525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Reflections - in Prose and Poetry 在散文和诗歌中的反思
Journal of Natal and Zulu history Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02590123.2013.11964201
E. Gandhi
{"title":"Reflections - in Prose and Poetry","authors":"E. Gandhi","doi":"10.1080/02590123.2013.11964201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964201","url":null,"abstract":"In this reflection I provide a broad background to the times in which the 1913 Passive Resistance Campaign took place, with particular reference to women’s participation. I wish to paint, in broad brushstrokes, women’s developing participation in and contribution to the emerging political resistance in the early decades of the twentieth century. Such resistance happened not only in South Africa, but also in other countries, such as the United States and India. I show the political stirrings among women across the racial spectrum and across continents, to suggest something of the surprising scale of the growing opposition among women at this time, opposition which clearly set the tone for the century-long struggles of women. I believe that such an exploration, with more and more stories being inserted, will provide inspiring and useful lessons for our contemporary world.","PeriodicalId":88545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natal and Zulu history","volume":"31 1","pages":"169 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59312646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Voices from the Island - Administrative staff at the University College for Indians, c1960-1971 来自岛屿的声音——1960-1971年印第安人大学学院的行政人员
Journal of Natal and Zulu history Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02590123.2013.11964189
L. D. Naidoo
{"title":"Voices from the Island - Administrative staff at the University College for Indians, c1960-1971","authors":"L. D. Naidoo","doi":"10.1080/02590123.2013.11964189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964189","url":null,"abstract":"This study of administrative staff at the University College for Indians on Salisbury Island in Durban is largely based on oral history. As the events recalled here are reported four to five decades after they occurred they are most likely affected by time and memory. What is interesting is that informants remembered minor details about their experience on the Island. Some tended to dwell on the positive, while others recalled the negative aspects of their experience. After all, memory is dynamic and the challenge is to understand why some people have positive and others negative recollections of the past. Smith writes that the role of the researcher is to do more than listen to respondents for there is a “danger of oversimplifying reality by presenting a binary pair with hegemonic history on the one hand and popular culture on the other”. The task of the researcher is to critically engage with the narratives so as not to simply accept the picture painted by the respondents.","PeriodicalId":88545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natal and Zulu history","volume":"31 1","pages":"135 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59312584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Poems 诗
Journal of Natal and Zulu history Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02590123.2013.11964202
Betty Govinden
{"title":"Poems","authors":"Betty Govinden","doi":"10.1080/02590123.2013.11964202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88545,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natal and Zulu history","volume":"31 1","pages":"180 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02590123.2013.11964202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59312710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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