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Pathobiology of acute pancreatitis: focus on intracellular calcium and calmodulin. 急性胰腺炎的病理生物学:聚焦于细胞内钙和钙调蛋白。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2011-01-01 Epub Date: 2011-08-01 DOI: 10.3410/M3-15
Ole H Petersen, Oleg V Gerasimenko, Julia V Gerasimenko
{"title":"Pathobiology of acute pancreatitis: focus on intracellular calcium and calmodulin.","authors":"Ole H Petersen,&nbsp;Oleg V Gerasimenko,&nbsp;Julia V Gerasimenko","doi":"10.3410/M3-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M3-15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exocrine pancreas synthesizes all the enzymes needed for intestinal breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in our diet. Unfortunately, the proteases needed for the digestion of the meat we eat can, if inappropriately activated inside the acinar cells, also digest the pancreas itself as well as the surrounding tissues, which is what happens in the sometimes fatal human disease acute pancreatitis. The disease is currently untreatable, but significant progress has recently been made in understanding the fundamental processes initiating the pathological changes underlying pancreatic autodigestion. It is now clear that intracellular trypsin activation-a crucial step in pathogenesis-is due to excessive release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores, principally via two types of inositol trisphosphate receptor. The unexpected recent discovery of an intrinsic protective mechanism caused by intracellular calmodulin and, specifically, the finding that this protective effect can be boosted by a membrane-permeable Ca(2+)-like peptide are promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"3 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c8/19/medrep-03-15.PMC3155209.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30107821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Cancer, stem cells and cancer stem cells: old ideas, new developments. 癌症，干细胞和癌症干细胞:旧思想，新发展。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2011-01-01 Epub Date: 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.3410/M3-23
Saghi Ghaffari
{"title":"Cancer, stem cells and cancer stem cells: old ideas, new developments.","authors":"Saghi Ghaffari","doi":"10.3410/M3-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M3-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been suggested that, at least in some forms of cancer, a sub-population of slow-cycling, therapy-resistant cancer stem cells exists that has the ability to reconstitute the tumor in its entirety. If true, this model implies that conventional therapies based on targeting highly cycling cells within the tumor will leave the slow-cycling stem cell population intact, giving them the opportunity to reinitiate the tumor at a later date. This review discusses the evidence for this model and the likely implications for cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"3 ","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/f2/medrep-03-23.PMC3229205.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30319252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Clostridium difficile--a moving target. 艰难梭菌——一个移动的目标。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2011-01-01 Epub Date: 2011-03-01 DOI: 10.3410/M3-6
Glenn S Tillotson, Joni Tillotson
{"title":"Clostridium difficile--a moving target.","authors":"Glenn S Tillotson,&nbsp;Joni Tillotson","doi":"10.3410/M3-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M3-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clostridium difficile has been recognized as a pathogen in humans for over 40 years, but in the past decade the incidence has increased and, more importantly, the clinical presentation and consequences have become more serious, with increased morbidity and mortality. The emergence of a new, more pathogenic strain, BI/NAP1/027, has driven these shifts. Treatment of this disease has been with two antibiotics, metronidazole and vancomycin, but increasing recurrence, not uncommon with C. difficile infections, has prompted research into several alternative therapies. These include a new class of antibiotic (fidaxomicin), a monoclonal antibody, a vaccine, and most recently a biotherapeutic (which, in this case, is a nontoxin-producing strain of C. difficile). The future management of C. difficile infection will probably require a combination of these approaches once we have the data from ongoing studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"3 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/55/50/medrep-03-06.PMC3096886.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29922272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Inflammation as a target for improving health in chronic kidney disease. 炎症作为改善慢性肾脏疾病健康的目标。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.3410/M2-88
Peter Stenvinkel
{"title":"Inflammation as a target for improving health in chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Peter Stenvinkel","doi":"10.3410/M2-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-88","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the first reports in the late 1990s connecting elevated circulating levels of C-reactive protein in patients with end-stage renal disease with an atherogenic, wasted phenotype and poor outcome, more than 3600 publications related to the subject have appeared on the Medline bibliographic database. This reflects the exponential interest that this topic has evoked in the field of nephrology, and the possibility of treating this common uremic complication has been much discussed. Several small studies have implied that various nutritional and pharmacological treatment strategies have beneficial effects on surrogate markers of inflammation. However, no randomized controlled trials on anti-inflammatory treatment have yet been performed to test the hypothesis that persistent low-grade inflammation contributes to uremic morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/78/09/medrep-02-88.PMC3026624.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29639659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Serrated polyps of the colon. 结肠的锯齿状息肉
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.3410/M2-89
Aravind Sugumar, Frank A Sinicrope
{"title":"Serrated polyps of the colon.","authors":"Aravind Sugumar,&nbsp;Frank A Sinicrope","doi":"10.3410/M2-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-89","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Until recently, colonic polyps were traditionally classified as either hyperplastic or adenomatous, and only the latter were believed to have the potential to progress to carcinoma. However, it is now appreciated that a subset of serrated polyps also appear to have malignant potential. Serrated polyps are a heterogeneous group of colon polyps that include hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs), traditional serrated adenomas, and mixed polyps. Insights into these polyps were derived, in part, from studies of patients with the hyperplastic polyposis syndrome. SSAs show a predilection for the right colon, have a distinct histology, and their molecular genetic profile has recently been linked to a pathway for colon tumorigenesis that is characterized by microsatellite instability. Based upon available evidence, it is recommended that patients with serrated adenomas undergo colonoscopic follow-up at the same frequency as for conventional adenomas. It is important that physicians are aware of serrated polyps, particularly serrated adenomas and their relationship to colon cancer, and their proper clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/96/medrep-02-89.PMC3026616.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29640918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
An updated review of current concepts in the management of carotid stenosis. 颈动脉狭窄管理的最新概念综述。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.3410/M2-91
Norman R Hertzer
{"title":"An updated review of current concepts in the management of carotid stenosis.","authors":"Norman R Hertzer","doi":"10.3410/M2-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several large randomized clinical trials in North America and Europe concluded over a decade ago that carotid endarterectomy plus medical management was significantly better than medical management alone for stroke prevention in either symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with severe carotid stenosis. Percutaneous carotid angioplasty now represents yet another treatment option that currently appears to have a higher risk than endarterectomy in symptomatic patients as well as in those who are 70 years of age or older. For these reasons, there is a consensus that angioplasty should be used cautiously in such patients and probably remains most appropriate either in the context of ongoing randomized trials or for patients who are at a higher-than-average risk for conventional surgical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/ce/medrep-02-91.PMC3026621.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29644595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Use of dexmedetomidine for pain control. 右美托咪定用于疼痛控制。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.3410/M2-90
Irina Grosu, Patricia Lavand'homme
{"title":"Use of dexmedetomidine for pain control.","authors":"Irina Grosu,&nbsp;Patricia Lavand'homme","doi":"10.3410/M2-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-90","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For many years, clonidine, an α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist, has been widely used as an analgesic adjuvant in perioperative conditions and pain therapy. Dexmedetomidine (DMET) is currently the most potent α2-AR agonist available and was first approved as a sedative agent for use in the intensive care unit. However, DMET has recently been investigated for its analgesic effects and has the potential to become an alternative to clonidine.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3410/M2-90","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29640919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 82
HIV-associated anal cancer. 与艾滋病毒相关的肛门癌
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.3410/M2-85
Thomas Newsom-Davis, Mark Bower
{"title":"HIV-associated anal cancer.","authors":"Thomas Newsom-Davis, Mark Bower","doi":"10.3410/M2-85","DOIUrl":"10.3410/M2-85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV-associated anal carcinoma, a non-AIDS-defining cancer, is a human papillomavirus-associated malignancy with a spectrum of preinvasive changes. The standardized incidence ratio for anal cancer in patients with HIV/AIDS is 20-50. Algorithms for anal cancer screening include anal cytology followed by high-resolution anoscopy for those with abnormal findings. Outpatient topical treatments for anal intraepithelial neoplasia include infrared coagulation therapy, trichloroacetic acid, and imiquimod. The development of cost-effective national screening programs for HIV-associated anal cancer remains a challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/a9/medrep-02-85.PMC3026623.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29639658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Proteomics in rheumatology: the dawn of a new era. 风湿病学中的蛋白质组学:新时代的曙光。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.3410/M2-87
Kamala Vanarsa, Chandra Mohan
{"title":"Proteomics in rheumatology: the dawn of a new era.","authors":"Kamala Vanarsa,&nbsp;Chandra Mohan","doi":"10.3410/M2-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-87","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most rheumatic autoimmune diseases are complex in terms of their genetic origins and underlying pathogenic processes. Non-hypothesis-driven scanning platforms are adding novel insights to our understanding of these multifactorial diseases. This review summarizes the handful of recent proteomic studies that have been executed using samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, or Sjogren's syndrome. The candidate biomarkers that have been uncovered in the reviewed studies have potential applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and theranostics. Though we are at the infancy of the proteomics era in rheumatology, the limited number of molecules uncovered thus far already hold promise. Ongoing research in proteomics holds tremendous potential for shaping how rheumatic diseases are diagnosed, prognosticated, and managed clinically over the coming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/0a/medrep-02-87.PMC3026622.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29639657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer. 前列腺癌磁共振成像研究进展。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.3410/M2-86
Nathan Lawrentschuk, Uri Lindner
{"title":"Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer.","authors":"Nathan Lawrentschuk,&nbsp;Uri Lindner","doi":"10.3410/M2-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-86","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This concise review attempts to highlight the recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in relation to all the different aspects of prostate cancer (PCa), and outlines future implications of MRI in the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of PCa.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/b0/medrep-02-86.PMC3026619.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29640921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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