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Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. 肾源性系统性纤维化。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-11-24 DOI: 10.3410/M2-84
Irwin M Braverman, Shawn Cowper
{"title":"Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.","authors":"Irwin M Braverman,&nbsp;Shawn Cowper","doi":"10.3410/M2-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-84","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, initially called nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, has been strongly linked to exposure to gadolinium-based contrast media used in magnetic resonance imaging in patients with renal insufficiency. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical approach to patients with chronic kidney disease who require diagnostic imaging with gadolinium-based contrast media.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8b/a3/medrep-02-84.PMC3026615.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29640917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 193
When should antiretroviral therapy be started in HIV-positive persons? 艾滋病毒阳性患者何时应开始抗逆转录病毒治疗?
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-11-24 DOI: 10.3410/M2-81
Caroline A Sabin
{"title":"When should antiretroviral therapy be started in HIV-positive persons?","authors":"Caroline A Sabin","doi":"10.3410/M2-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-81","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recommendations for the initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive individuals are largely based on data from observational studies. Whilst all guidelines recommend immediate treatment in individuals with a CD4 count of less than 350 cells/mm(3), guidelines vary in their recommendations for treatment at higher CD4 counts. Several large cohort studies have published findings that contribute to the debate, although conclusions vary and results from these studies may be subject to bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0f/03/medrep-02-81.PMC2998833.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29545671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Genetic screening for metabolic and age-related complications in HIV-infected persons. 艾滋病毒感染者代谢和年龄相关并发症的遗传筛查。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-11-24 DOI: 10.3410/M2-83
Philip E Tarr, Amalio Telenti
{"title":"Genetic screening for metabolic and age-related complications in HIV-infected persons.","authors":"Philip E Tarr,&nbsp;Amalio Telenti","doi":"10.3410/M2-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic screening for HIV-related complications is emerging as a clinically relevant prediction tool. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with conditions such as dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes have been identified in both the general population and in HIV-infected individuals. Additionally, genome-wide association studies have looked at hepatitis C susceptibility in HIV-infected people, and genetic studies are ongoing for coronary artery disease, osteoporosis, and neurocognitive dysfunction. To date, understanding the contribution of genetic variation to the pathogenesis of lipoatrophy and kidney disease in HIV-infection is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/17/d1/medrep-02-83.PMC2998858.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29546118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Recent advances in management of cryptococcal meningitis: commentary. 隐球菌性脑膜炎治疗的最新进展:评论。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-11-24 DOI: 10.3410/M2-82
Tania C Sorrell, Sharon C-A Chen
{"title":"Recent advances in management of cryptococcal meningitis: commentary.","authors":"Tania C Sorrell,&nbsp;Sharon C-A Chen","doi":"10.3410/M2-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-82","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptococcal meningitis remains a substantial health burden with high morbidity, particularly in developing countries. Antifungal treatment regimens are guided by host factors, severity of illness (including presence of complications), and causative cryptococcal species. Recent clinical studies indicate the need for rapidly fungicidal induction therapy regimens using amphotericin B in combination with flucytosine for optimal outcomes. Maintenance therapy with fluconazole is necessary until recovery of immune function. Cryptococcus gattii meningitis requires prolonged induction/eradication therapy. Prompt control of raised intracranial pressure or hydrocephalus is essential. Clinicians should be vigilant for immune restoration-like features. Adjuvant surgery, corticosteroids, and/or recombinant interferon-gamma may be required for large cryptococcomas, cerebral edema, or refractory infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/52/94/medrep-02-82.PMC2998879.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29546119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Vaccination and infection prevention in inflammatory bowel disease. 炎症性肠病的疫苗接种和感染预防。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-11-11 DOI: 10.3410/M2-80
Severine Vermeire, Gert Van Assche, Paul Rutgeerts
{"title":"Vaccination and infection prevention in inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Severine Vermeire,&nbsp;Gert Van Assche,&nbsp;Paul Rutgeerts","doi":"10.3410/M2-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-80","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current medical therapy used in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis comprises drugs that interfere with immune response and therefore caution is needed for infectious side effects, and where possible, strategies to prevent their occurrence should be undertaken. Last year, international consensus guidelines on this topic were published by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/60/db/medrep-02-80.PMC2998810.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29545670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The use of antenatal magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection for infants born prematurely. 使用产前硫酸镁对早产婴儿的神经保护。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-11-11 DOI: 10.3410/M2-78
Kent Heyborne, Watson A Bowes
{"title":"The use of antenatal magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection for infants born prematurely.","authors":"Kent Heyborne,&nbsp;Watson A Bowes","doi":"10.3410/M2-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral palsy occurs in three to four infants per 1000 live births. Preterm birth prior to 34 weeks' gestation is a major risk factor. Five randomized controlled trials of antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) found a trend of reduced risk of cerebral palsy and mortality in preterm infants. Three meta-analyses using the data from the five randomized controlled trials, which included a total of 5235 prospectively evaluated fetuses, found that MgSO(4) given to women at risk of premature birth significantly reduced the risk of cerebral palsy by 30% without increasing the risk of perinatal or infant death. The implication for clinical practice is that MgSO(4) should be considered for use in patients at high risk of delivery before 34 weeks' gestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3410/M2-78","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29546116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Recent advances in using propofol by non-anesthesiologists. 非麻醉师使用异丙酚的最新进展。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-11-11 DOI: 10.3410/M2-79
Gang Tan, Michael G Irwin
{"title":"Recent advances in using propofol by non-anesthesiologists.","authors":"Gang Tan, Michael G Irwin","doi":"10.3410/M2-79","DOIUrl":"10.3410/M2-79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence is accumulating that non-anesthesiologist-administered propofol (NAAP) sedation has a safety and efficacy profile comparable or superior to that provided by benzodiazepines with or without opioids. The guidelines currently available emphasize the importance of appropriate patient selection, staff training, monitoring, and low-dose sedation protocols for NAAP safety. In addition, capnograph monitoring and computer-assisted sedation systems may further improve patient safety during NAAP.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/ee/medrep-02-79.PMC2998802.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29545668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent advances in the assessment and treatment of falls in Parkinson's disease. 评估和治疗帕金森病患者跌倒的最新进展。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-10-21 DOI: 10.3410/M2-76
Anke H Snijders, Jorik Nonnekes, Bastiaan R Bloem
{"title":"Recent advances in the assessment and treatment of falls in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Anke H Snijders, Jorik Nonnekes, Bastiaan R Bloem","doi":"10.3410/M2-76","DOIUrl":"10.3410/M2-76","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Falls are among the most incapacitating features of Parkinson's disease. Prevention of falls requires a systematic assessment of all contributing factors (with emphasis on freezing of gait and frontal executive dysfunction), and a multidisciplinary treatment approach tailored to the specific pathophysiology of falls for each individual patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/16/6a/medrep-02-76.PMC2981191.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29549390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The unexpandable lung. 不能扩张的肺。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-10-21 DOI: 10.3410/M2-77
John T Huggins, Peter Doelken, Steven A Sahn
{"title":"The unexpandable lung.","authors":"John T Huggins,&nbsp;Peter Doelken,&nbsp;Steven A Sahn","doi":"10.3410/M2-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-77","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unexpandable lung is the inability of the lung to expand to the chest wall allowing for normal visceral and parietal pleural apposition. It is the direct result of either pleural disease, endobronchial obstruction resulting in lobar collapse, or chronic atelectasis. Unexpandable lung occurring as a consequence of active or remote pleural disease may present as a post-thoracentesis hydropneumothorax or an effusion that cannot be completely drained because of the development of anterior chest pain. Pleural manometry is useful for identifying unexpandable lung during initial pleural drainage. Unexpandable lung occurring as a consequence of active or remote pleural disease may be separated into two distinct clinical entities termed trapped lung and lung entrapment. Trapped lung is a diagnosis proper and is caused by the formation of a fibrous visceral pleural peel (in the absence of malignancy or active pleural inflammation). The mechanical effect of the pleural peel constitutes the primary clinical problem. Lung entrapment may result from a visceral pleural peel secondary to active pleural inflammation, infection, or malignancy. In these cases, the underlying malignant or inflammatory condition is the primary clinical problem, which may or may not be complicated by unexpandable lung due to visceral pleural involvement. The recognition of trapped lung and lung entrapment as related, but distinct, clinical entities has direct consequences on clinical management. In our practice, pleural manometry is routinely performed during therapeutic thoracentesis and is useful for identification of unexpandable lung and has allowed us to understand the mechanisms surrounding a post-thoracentesis pneumothorax.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a8/58/medrep-02-77.PMC2981182.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29549389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 81
Control of elevated blood pressure in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. 急性脑出血患者血压升高的控制。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-10-21 DOI: 10.3410/M2-75
Opeolu Adeoye
{"title":"Control of elevated blood pressure in acute intracerebral hemorrhage.","authors":"Opeolu Adeoye","doi":"10.3410/M2-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracerebral hemorrhage remains a challenging worldwide clinical problem with no proven treatments. In the acute phase of the illness, there has been some controversy regarding the appropriate management of elevated blood pressure. Recently published and ongoing clinical trials are beginning to shed some light on appropriate blood pressure management in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. This brief review focuses on these trials. In the next few years, it is hoped that clinical uncertainty regarding this issue will be obviated after completion of these trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/8a/medrep-02-75.PMC2981178.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29549387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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