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Pathobiology of acute pancreatitis: focus on intracellular calcium and calmodulin. 急性胰腺炎的病理生物学:聚焦于细胞内钙和钙调蛋白。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2011-01-01 Epub Date: 2011-08-01 DOI: 10.3410/M3-15
Ole H Petersen, Oleg V Gerasimenko, Julia V Gerasimenko
{"title":"Pathobiology of acute pancreatitis: focus on intracellular calcium and calmodulin.","authors":"Ole H Petersen,&nbsp;Oleg V Gerasimenko,&nbsp;Julia V Gerasimenko","doi":"10.3410/M3-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M3-15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exocrine pancreas synthesizes all the enzymes needed for intestinal breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in our diet. Unfortunately, the proteases needed for the digestion of the meat we eat can, if inappropriately activated inside the acinar cells, also digest the pancreas itself as well as the surrounding tissues, which is what happens in the sometimes fatal human disease acute pancreatitis. The disease is currently untreatable, but significant progress has recently been made in understanding the fundamental processes initiating the pathological changes underlying pancreatic autodigestion. It is now clear that intracellular trypsin activation-a crucial step in pathogenesis-is due to excessive release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores, principally via two types of inositol trisphosphate receptor. The unexpected recent discovery of an intrinsic protective mechanism caused by intracellular calmodulin and, specifically, the finding that this protective effect can be boosted by a membrane-permeable Ca(2+)-like peptide are promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"3 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c8/19/medrep-03-15.PMC3155209.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30107821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Cancer, stem cells and cancer stem cells: old ideas, new developments. 癌症，干细胞和癌症干细胞:旧思想，新发展。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2011-01-01 Epub Date: 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.3410/M3-23
Saghi Ghaffari
{"title":"Cancer, stem cells and cancer stem cells: old ideas, new developments.","authors":"Saghi Ghaffari","doi":"10.3410/M3-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M3-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been suggested that, at least in some forms of cancer, a sub-population of slow-cycling, therapy-resistant cancer stem cells exists that has the ability to reconstitute the tumor in its entirety. If true, this model implies that conventional therapies based on targeting highly cycling cells within the tumor will leave the slow-cycling stem cell population intact, giving them the opportunity to reinitiate the tumor at a later date. This review discusses the evidence for this model and the likely implications for cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"3 ","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/f2/medrep-03-23.PMC3229205.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30319252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Clostridium difficile--a moving target. 艰难梭菌——一个移动的目标。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2011-01-01 Epub Date: 2011-03-01 DOI: 10.3410/M3-6
Glenn S Tillotson, Joni Tillotson
{"title":"Clostridium difficile--a moving target.","authors":"Glenn S Tillotson,&nbsp;Joni Tillotson","doi":"10.3410/M3-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M3-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clostridium difficile has been recognized as a pathogen in humans for over 40 years, but in the past decade the incidence has increased and, more importantly, the clinical presentation and consequences have become more serious, with increased morbidity and mortality. The emergence of a new, more pathogenic strain, BI/NAP1/027, has driven these shifts. Treatment of this disease has been with two antibiotics, metronidazole and vancomycin, but increasing recurrence, not uncommon with C. difficile infections, has prompted research into several alternative therapies. These include a new class of antibiotic (fidaxomicin), a monoclonal antibody, a vaccine, and most recently a biotherapeutic (which, in this case, is a nontoxin-producing strain of C. difficile). The future management of C. difficile infection will probably require a combination of these approaches once we have the data from ongoing studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"3 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/55/50/medrep-03-06.PMC3096886.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29922272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Use of dexmedetomidine for pain control. 右美托咪定用于疼痛控制。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.3410/M2-90
Irina Grosu, Patricia Lavand'homme
{"title":"Use of dexmedetomidine for pain control.","authors":"Irina Grosu,&nbsp;Patricia Lavand'homme","doi":"10.3410/M2-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-90","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For many years, clonidine, an α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist, has been widely used as an analgesic adjuvant in perioperative conditions and pain therapy. Dexmedetomidine (DMET) is currently the most potent α2-AR agonist available and was first approved as a sedative agent for use in the intensive care unit. However, DMET has recently been investigated for its analgesic effects and has the potential to become an alternative to clonidine.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3410/M2-90","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29640919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 82
HIV-associated anal cancer. 与艾滋病毒相关的肛门癌
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.3410/M2-85
Thomas Newsom-Davis, Mark Bower
{"title":"HIV-associated anal cancer.","authors":"Thomas Newsom-Davis, Mark Bower","doi":"10.3410/M2-85","DOIUrl":"10.3410/M2-85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV-associated anal carcinoma, a non-AIDS-defining cancer, is a human papillomavirus-associated malignancy with a spectrum of preinvasive changes. The standardized incidence ratio for anal cancer in patients with HIV/AIDS is 20-50. Algorithms for anal cancer screening include anal cytology followed by high-resolution anoscopy for those with abnormal findings. Outpatient topical treatments for anal intraepithelial neoplasia include infrared coagulation therapy, trichloroacetic acid, and imiquimod. The development of cost-effective national screening programs for HIV-associated anal cancer remains a challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/a9/medrep-02-85.PMC3026623.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29639658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer. 前列腺癌磁共振成像研究进展。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-12-08 DOI: 10.3410/M2-86
Nathan Lawrentschuk, Uri Lindner
{"title":"Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer.","authors":"Nathan Lawrentschuk,&nbsp;Uri Lindner","doi":"10.3410/M2-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-86","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This concise review attempts to highlight the recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in relation to all the different aspects of prostate cancer (PCa), and outlines future implications of MRI in the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of PCa.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/b0/medrep-02-86.PMC3026619.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29640921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. 肾源性系统性纤维化。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-11-24 DOI: 10.3410/M2-84
Irwin M Braverman, Shawn Cowper
{"title":"Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.","authors":"Irwin M Braverman,&nbsp;Shawn Cowper","doi":"10.3410/M2-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-84","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, initially called nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, has been strongly linked to exposure to gadolinium-based contrast media used in magnetic resonance imaging in patients with renal insufficiency. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical approach to patients with chronic kidney disease who require diagnostic imaging with gadolinium-based contrast media.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8b/a3/medrep-02-84.PMC3026615.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29640917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 193
Genetic screening for metabolic and age-related complications in HIV-infected persons. 艾滋病毒感染者代谢和年龄相关并发症的遗传筛查。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-11-24 DOI: 10.3410/M2-83
Philip E Tarr, Amalio Telenti
{"title":"Genetic screening for metabolic and age-related complications in HIV-infected persons.","authors":"Philip E Tarr,&nbsp;Amalio Telenti","doi":"10.3410/M2-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic screening for HIV-related complications is emerging as a clinically relevant prediction tool. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with conditions such as dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes have been identified in both the general population and in HIV-infected individuals. Additionally, genome-wide association studies have looked at hepatitis C susceptibility in HIV-infected people, and genetic studies are ongoing for coronary artery disease, osteoporosis, and neurocognitive dysfunction. To date, understanding the contribution of genetic variation to the pathogenesis of lipoatrophy and kidney disease in HIV-infection is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/17/d1/medrep-02-83.PMC2998858.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29546118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Recent advances in management of cryptococcal meningitis: commentary. 隐球菌性脑膜炎治疗的最新进展:评论。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-11-24 DOI: 10.3410/M2-82
Tania C Sorrell, Sharon C-A Chen
{"title":"Recent advances in management of cryptococcal meningitis: commentary.","authors":"Tania C Sorrell,&nbsp;Sharon C-A Chen","doi":"10.3410/M2-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-82","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptococcal meningitis remains a substantial health burden with high morbidity, particularly in developing countries. Antifungal treatment regimens are guided by host factors, severity of illness (including presence of complications), and causative cryptococcal species. Recent clinical studies indicate the need for rapidly fungicidal induction therapy regimens using amphotericin B in combination with flucytosine for optimal outcomes. Maintenance therapy with fluconazole is necessary until recovery of immune function. Cryptococcus gattii meningitis requires prolonged induction/eradication therapy. Prompt control of raised intracranial pressure or hydrocephalus is essential. Clinicians should be vigilant for immune restoration-like features. Adjuvant surgery, corticosteroids, and/or recombinant interferon-gamma may be required for large cryptococcomas, cerebral edema, or refractory infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/52/94/medrep-02-82.PMC2998879.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29546119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
The use of antenatal magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection for infants born prematurely. 使用产前硫酸镁对早产婴儿的神经保护。
F1000 medicine reports Pub Date : 2010-11-11 DOI: 10.3410/M2-78
Kent Heyborne, Watson A Bowes
{"title":"The use of antenatal magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection for infants born prematurely.","authors":"Kent Heyborne,&nbsp;Watson A Bowes","doi":"10.3410/M2-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3410/M2-78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral palsy occurs in three to four infants per 1000 live births. Preterm birth prior to 34 weeks' gestation is a major risk factor. Five randomized controlled trials of antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) found a trend of reduced risk of cerebral palsy and mortality in preterm infants. Three meta-analyses using the data from the five randomized controlled trials, which included a total of 5235 prospectively evaluated fetuses, found that MgSO(4) given to women at risk of premature birth significantly reduced the risk of cerebral palsy by 30% without increasing the risk of perinatal or infant death. The implication for clinical practice is that MgSO(4) should be considered for use in patients at high risk of delivery before 34 weeks' gestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":88480,"journal":{"name":"F1000 medicine reports","volume":"2 ","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3410/M2-78","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29546116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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