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Study of sea salt particles launched by bubble burst 气泡破裂发射海盐颗粒的研究
Bubble science engineering and technology Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000004
A. Peart, John Evans
{"title":"Study of sea salt particles launched by bubble burst","authors":"A. Peart, John Evans","doi":"10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000004","url":null,"abstract":"Sea salt particles launched from bursting bubbles and lofted in a drying tube were collected so that their morphology and size could be observed. Such particles can act as cloud condensation nuclei. Both film and jet drops were captured and desiccated so that their morphology was not perturbed by deliquescence and redrying. The mass of sea salt ejected from known bubble diameters was measured gravimetrically using a discrete bubble generator. The launch of droplets by bubble burst was recorded by high speed camera and illustrates the subtle momentum exchange as the jet breaks up to give widely different launch velocities and droplet heights. The distribution of heights attained by droplets in still air was recorded by addition of dye and printing of droplets on paper. The study is intended to underpin emergent technologies for climate restoration (geoengineering) aimed at increasing oceanic albedo and optical depth of clouds.","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"69 1","pages":"64-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81043277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Shape oscillating bubbles: hydrodynamics and mass transfer - a review 形状振荡气泡:流体力学和传质-综述
Bubble science engineering and technology Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000006
Mariano Martín, M. Galán, R. Cerro, F. J. Montes
{"title":"Shape oscillating bubbles: hydrodynamics and mass transfer - a review","authors":"Mariano Martín, M. Galán, R. Cerro, F. J. Montes","doi":"10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000006","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe subject of bubble oscillations, the associated hydrodynamics and the effect of bubbles on mass transfer in gas–liquid contact equipment, is reviewed. The emphasis is on rising and shape oscillating bubbles (n>0 mode) with little or negligible apparent volume change, rather than on volume oscillations (n = 0 mode). Bubbles, as they move in liquid media, are subjected to forces that try to deform them as well as forces that try to keep them as individual entities, resulting in the fact that bubble contact area changes in time and so do the velocity profiles surrounding them. As a result, the concentration profiles are also affected, influencing the Sherwood number and the mass transfer rates from the gas phase to the liquid phase. The physical properties of the phases as well as bubble coalescence and breakup processes that occur within the equipment play an important role in defining the oscillation amplitude and decay. Thus, we summarise the main results and the theories behind bubble dynamics...","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"50 1","pages":"48-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78543290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Foaming technology of tissue engineering scaffolds - a review 组织工程支架发泡技术综述
Bubble science engineering and technology Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000003
Q Z Chen
{"title":"Foaming technology of tissue engineering scaffolds - a review","authors":"Q Z Chen","doi":"10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000003","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue engineering combines isolated functional cells and a biodegradable biomaterial to promote the regeneration of repair diseased or injured tissues. A highly porous scaffold plays a critical role in accommodating cells and guiding their growth and tissue regeneration in three dimensions. Although the ideal porous structure that promotes vasculature and tissue ingrowth has not been determined, an increasing body of research data have suggested that a pore size of ∼300 μm or more might be necessary for the cell seeding efficiency and the homogeneity of the tissue engineered. In the last two decades, a number of foaming techniques have been developed to fabricate highly interconnective, porous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. This review provides an update on the progress of foaming technology of biomaterials, including polymeric, ceramic and composite materials. Each technique has its advantages, but none can be considered as an ideal method of scaffold fabrication to be employed for all t...","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"202 1","pages":"34-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83465876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Sonoporation at a low mechanical index 低机械指数下的声穿孔
Bubble science engineering and technology Pub Date : 2011-05-01 DOI: 10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000001
A. Delalande, S. Kotopoulis, T. Rovers, C. Pichon, M. Postema
{"title":"Sonoporation at a low mechanical index","authors":"A. Delalande, S. Kotopoulis, T. Rovers, C. Pichon, M. Postema","doi":"10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000001","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the physical mechanisms of sonoporation, in order to understand and improve ultrasound-assisted drug and gene delivery. Sonoporation is the transient permeabilisation and resealing of a cell membrane with the help of ultrasound and/or an ultrasound contrast agent, allowing for the trans-membrane delivery and cellular uptake of macromolecules between 10 kDa and 3 MDa. The authors studied the behaviour of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles near cancer cells at low acoustic amplitudes. After administering an ultrasound contrast agent, HeLa cells were subjected to 6·6 MHz ultrasound with a mechanical index of 0·2 and observed with a high-speed camera. Microbubbles were seen to enter cells and rapidly dissolve. The quick dissolution after entering suggests that the microbubbles lose (part of) their shell while entering. The authors have demonstrated that lipid-shelled microbubbles can be forced to enter cells at a low mechanical index. Hence, if a therap...","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"3-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84620974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 55
Coalescence of bubbles in aqueous mixed surfactant–alcohol systems 表面活性剂-酒精混合水溶液中气泡的聚结
Bubble science engineering and technology Pub Date : 2011-05-01 DOI: 10.1179/1758897910Y.0000000003
C. Sudulagunta, P. Ghosh
{"title":"Coalescence of bubbles in aqueous mixed surfactant–alcohol systems","authors":"C. Sudulagunta, P. Ghosh","doi":"10.1179/1758897910Y.0000000003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1758897910Y.0000000003","url":null,"abstract":"Coalescence of gas bubbles in aqueous solutions of surfactant–alcohol mixtures has importance in many scientific and engineering applications. This article reports studies on coalescence of air bubbles in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulphate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, ethanol and butanol. Adsorption of surface active molecules at the air/water interface, which plays a crucial role in coalescence, was studied by measuring the surface tension of the aqueous solutions. The results on coalescence time were analysed using the film drainage and stochastic theories of coalescence. Seven film drainage models were employed to predict the coalescence time. The parameters of the stochastic model were analysed based upon the physicochemical properties of the systems.","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"20-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86596989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coencapsulation of lipid microbubbles within polymer microcapsules for contrast applications 脂质微泡在聚合物微胶囊内的共胶囊化对比应用
Bubble science engineering and technology Pub Date : 2011-05-01 DOI: 10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000002
S. Dicker, M. Mleczko, K. Hensel, A. Bartolomeo, G. Schmitz, S. Wrenn
{"title":"Coencapsulation of lipid microbubbles within polymer microcapsules for contrast applications","authors":"S. Dicker, M. Mleczko, K. Hensel, A. Bartolomeo, G. Schmitz, S. Wrenn","doi":"10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1758897911Y.0000000002","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the authors examine the acoustic response generated by the coencapsulation of phospholipid shelled microbubbles within the aqueous core of polymer microcapsules and its feasibility as an ultrasound contrast agent. The addition of the polymer shell provides the added benefit of approximately doubling the inertial cavitation threshold of the microbubbles contained within. The feasibility of the utilisation of the coencapsulated contrast agent as a drug delivery vehicle is also discussed. It is concluded that the coencapsulated contrast agent provides contrast similar to that of unencapsulated microbubbles, both in acoustic response and image intensity of contrast to tissue.","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"12-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89271406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Acoustic responses of monodisperse lipid-encapsulated microbubble contrast agents produced by flow focusing. 流动聚焦制备单分散脂包微泡造影剂的声学响应。
Bubble science engineering and technology Pub Date : 2010-12-01 DOI: 10.1179/175889610x12779105661532
Mehmet Kaya, Steven Feingold, Kanaka Hettiarachchi, Abraham P Lee, Paul A Dayton
{"title":"Acoustic responses of monodisperse lipid-encapsulated microbubble contrast agents produced by flow focusing.","authors":"Mehmet Kaya,&nbsp;Steven Feingold,&nbsp;Kanaka Hettiarachchi,&nbsp;Abraham P Lee,&nbsp;Paul A Dayton","doi":"10.1179/175889610x12779105661532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175889610x12779105661532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid-encapsulated microbubbles are used as contrast agents in ultrasound imaging. Currently available commercially made contrast agents have a polydisperse size distribution. It has been hypothesised that improved imaging sensitivity could be achieved with a uniform microbubble radius. We have recently developed microfluidics technology to produce contrast agents with a nearly monodisperse distribution. In this manuscript, we analyze echo responses from individual microbubbles from monodisperse populations in order to establish the relationship between scattered echo, microbubble radius, and excitation frequency. Simulations of bubble response from a modified Rayleigh-Plesset type model corroborate experimental data. Results indicate that microbubble echo response can be greatly increased by optimal combinations of microbubble radius and acoustic excitation frequency. These results may have a significant impact in the formulation of contrast agents to improve ultrasonic sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"2 2","pages":"33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/175889610x12779105661532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29800274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
Microbubbles in Imaging: Applications Beyond Ultrasound. 微泡成像:超声以外的应用。
Bubble science engineering and technology Pub Date : 2010-06-01 DOI: 10.1179/175889610X12730566149100
Paul Kogan, Ryan C Gessner, Paul A Dayton
{"title":"Microbubbles in Imaging: Applications Beyond Ultrasound.","authors":"Paul Kogan,&nbsp;Ryan C Gessner,&nbsp;Paul A Dayton","doi":"10.1179/175889610X12730566149100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/175889610X12730566149100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since their introduction as ultrasound contrast agents, microbubbles have demonstrated the potential to revolutionise the use of ultrasound at the bedside. Aside from clinical application, where microbubbles are used to enhance ultrasonic assessment of myocardial perfusion, they have demonstrated potential in an exciting host of pre-clinical ultrasound imaging and therapeutic applications. These include the ability to target specific cellular markers of disease, provide dynamic blood flow estimation, deliver localised chemotherapy, potentiate the mechanisms of gene therapy, enhance lesion ablation through cavitation, and spatiotemporally permeabilise the blood-brain barrier. The unique and flexible construction of microbubbles not only enables a variety of ultrasound applications, but also opens the door to detection of microbubbles with modalities other than ultrasound. In this review, non-ultrasound imaging applications utilizing microbubbles are discussed, including MRI, PET, and DEI. These various imaging approaches illustrate novel applications of microbubbles, and may provide the groundwork for future multi-modality imaging or image-guided therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/175889610X12730566149100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30455558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Relationship between size and frequency dependent attenuation of monodisperse populations of lipid coated microbubbles 脂质包被微泡单分散种群的大小和频率依赖性衰减的关系
Bubble science engineering and technology Pub Date : 2010-05-01 DOI: 10.1179/1758897910Y.0000000002
Yanjun Gong, M. Cabodi, T. Porter
{"title":"Relationship between size and frequency dependent attenuation of monodisperse populations of lipid coated microbubbles","authors":"Yanjun Gong, M. Cabodi, T. Porter","doi":"10.1179/1758897910Y.0000000002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1758897910Y.0000000002","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAcoustic techniques were employed to investigate the relationship between the mean size of monodispersions of lipid coated microbubbles and frequency dependent attenuation. Flow focusing microfluidic devices were constructed to produce several populations of monodisperse lipid coated microbubbles (i.e. with narrow size distribution). The mean diameter of each population was controlled by selecting the appropriate gas pressure and flowrate of the lipid solution through the device. Using this approach, monodispersions of lipid coated microbubbles were produced with mean diameters ranging from 3·3 to 8·3 μm. Using an acoustic spectroscopy technique, the frequency dependent attenuation coefficient for suspensions of lipid coated microbubbles was measured as a function of mean diameter. These results show that the width and peak magnitude of the attenuation spectrum depended upon the width of the microbubble size distribution (i.e. monodispersions versus polydispersions). Furthermore, as the mean size ...","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80532553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Determination of microbubble cavitation threshold pressure as function of shell chemistry 微泡空化阈值压力随壳化学性质的变化
Bubble science engineering and technology Pub Date : 2010-05-01 DOI: 10.1179/1758897910Y.0000000001
S. Dicker, M. Mleczko, G. Schmitz, S. Wrenn
{"title":"Determination of microbubble cavitation threshold pressure as function of shell chemistry","authors":"S. Dicker, M. Mleczko, G. Schmitz, S. Wrenn","doi":"10.1179/1758897910Y.0000000001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1758897910Y.0000000001","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe sensitivity of inertial cavitation threshold to changes in shell viscosity and elasticity makes shell chemistry (here, polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular weight and composition) a potential tuning parameter for microbubble based ultrasound contrast and drug delivery applications. It is anticipated that microbubble shell chemistry can be used to adjust the inertial cavitation threshold so as to either avoid or achieve cavitation at a given operating pressure. Here such ideas are tested by measuring the inertial cavitation threshold for populations of phospholipid shelled microbubbles suspended in aqueous media, and this method is used to quantify the influence of shell chemistry on the inertial cavitation threshold. The experimental cavitation data are fitted with a modification of the Herring equation, using shell viscosity and elasticity as the tuning parameters. It is concluded that the design and synthesis of microbubbles with a prescribed inertial cavitation threshold is feasible using PE...","PeriodicalId":88410,"journal":{"name":"Bubble science engineering and technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"55-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90946949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
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