Microbubbles in Imaging: Applications Beyond Ultrasound.

Paul Kogan, Ryan C Gessner, Paul A Dayton
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Abstract

Since their introduction as ultrasound contrast agents, microbubbles have demonstrated the potential to revolutionise the use of ultrasound at the bedside. Aside from clinical application, where microbubbles are used to enhance ultrasonic assessment of myocardial perfusion, they have demonstrated potential in an exciting host of pre-clinical ultrasound imaging and therapeutic applications. These include the ability to target specific cellular markers of disease, provide dynamic blood flow estimation, deliver localised chemotherapy, potentiate the mechanisms of gene therapy, enhance lesion ablation through cavitation, and spatiotemporally permeabilise the blood-brain barrier. The unique and flexible construction of microbubbles not only enables a variety of ultrasound applications, but also opens the door to detection of microbubbles with modalities other than ultrasound. In this review, non-ultrasound imaging applications utilizing microbubbles are discussed, including MRI, PET, and DEI. These various imaging approaches illustrate novel applications of microbubbles, and may provide the groundwork for future multi-modality imaging or image-guided therapeutics.

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微泡成像:超声以外的应用。
自从微泡作为超声造影剂问世以来,它已经展示了在床边彻底改变超声使用的潜力。除了临床应用外,微泡用于增强心肌灌注的超声评估,它们在临床前超声成像和治疗应用方面也表现出了令人兴奋的潜力。这些包括靶向疾病的特定细胞标记物的能力,提供动态血流估计,提供局部化疗,增强基因治疗机制,通过空化增强病变消融,以及在时空上渗透血脑屏障。微泡的独特和灵活的结构不仅使各种超声应用成为可能,而且也为用超声以外的方式检测微泡打开了大门。本文综述了利用微泡进行非超声成像的应用,包括MRI、PET和DEI。这些不同的成像方法说明了微泡的新应用,并可能为未来的多模态成像或图像引导治疗提供基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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