Behavioral Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Persistence associated with extractive foraging explains variation in innovation in Darwin’s finches","authors":"Paula Ibáñez de Aldecoa, Sabine Tebbich, Andrea S Griffin","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arad090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arad090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The capacity to create new behaviors is influenced by environmental factors such as foraging ecology, which can lead to phylogenetic variation in innovativeness. Alternatively, these differences may arise due to the selection of the underlying mechanisms, collaterally affecting innovativeness. To understand the evolutionary pathways that might enhance innovativeness, we examined the role of diet breadth and degree of extractive foraging, as well as a range of intervening cognitive and behavioral mechanisms (neophilia, neophobia, flexibility, motivation, and persistence). Darwin’s finches are very suitable to this purpose: the clade is composed of closely related species that vary in their feeding habits and capacity to develop food innovations. Using a multi-access box, we conducted an interspecies comparison on innovative problem-solving between two diet specialists, extractive foragers (woodpecker and cactus finch), and two diet generalists, non-extractive foragers (small and medium ground finch). We predicted that if extractive foraging was associated with high innovativeness, variation would be best explained by species differences in persistence and motivation, whereas if diet generalism was the main driver, then variation would be due to differences in flexibility and responses to novelty. We found a faster capacity to innovate and a higher persistence for extractive foragers, suggesting that persistence might be adaptive to extractive foraging and only secondarily to innovation. Our findings also show that diet generalism and some variables linking it to innovation were unrelated to innovativeness and call for the development of joint experimental approaches that capture the diversity of factors giving rise to novel behaviors.","PeriodicalId":8840,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology","volume":"38 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual survival is dictated by group personality in a marsh ecosystem predator–prey interaction","authors":"Christina M Salerno, Regan C Williams, Stephanie J Kamel","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arad087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arad087","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Predator–prey interactions structure ecological communities, and personality can significantly mediate these interactions. Personality expression is often contingent on social context, suggesting that group personality may be key in determining the outcomes of predator encounters. Here, we test the influence of individual personality and group composition on survival of the marsh periwinkle, Littoraria irrorata, when exposed to its main predator, the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, both integral players in mediating the productivity and health of salt marsh ecosystems. Snails were categorized as having bold or shy personality types, which were unrelated to shell length, though neither trait influenced survival when individual snails were exposed to a predator. However, when snails were partitioned into groups differing in personality composition, snails in groups with bold individuals had higher survival than those in groups with none. While group type did not influence the survival of bold snails, shy snails performed better in mixed groups: the presence of a few bold individuals emerged as especially effective in decreasing mortality of shy snails. The effect of personality on predator escape is thus conditional on group personality composition, indicating that social context can directly impact the survival and success of its individual members, with broad implications for community dynamics.","PeriodicalId":8840,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology","volume":"176 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social inheritance of avoidances shapes the structure of animal social networks","authors":"Celine H Frère, Barbara Class, Dominique A Potvin, Amiyaal Ilany","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arad088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arad088","url":null,"abstract":"Social structure can have significant effects on selection, affecting both individual fitness traits and population-level processes. As such, research into its dynamics and evolution has spiked in the last decade, where theoretical and computational advances in social network analysis have increased our understanding of its ecological and inheritance underpinnings. Yet, the processes that shape the formation of structure within social networks are poorly understood and the role of social avoidances unknown. Social avoidances are an alternate of social affiliation in animal societies, which, although invisible, likely play a role in shaping animal social networks. Assuming social avoidances evolve under similar constraints as affiliative behavior, we extended a previous model of social inheritance of affiliations to investigate the impact of social inheritance of avoidances on social network structure. We modeled avoidances as relationships that individuals can copy from their mothers or from their mother’s social environment and varied the degrees to which individuals inherit social affiliates and avoidances to test their combined influence on social network structure. We found that inheriting avoidances via maternal social environments made social networks less dense and more modular, thereby demonstrating how social avoidance can shape the evolution of animal social networks.","PeriodicalId":8840,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology","volume":"2001 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous quantity discrimination in the Australian sleepy lizard (<i>Tiliqua rugosa</i>)","authors":"Birgit Szabo, Madeleine L Holmes, Benjamin J Ashton, Martin J Whiting","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arad089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arad089","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Animals employ quantitative abilities to gauge crucial aspects of their environment, such as food or predator density in a given area or the number of eggs in a nest. These quantitative skills hold ecological implications and can impact an animal’s fitness. However, our comprehension of how these abilities intersect with environmental challenges remains limited. We tested for spontaneous quantity discrimination in the sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa), a long-lived species known for forming life-long pair bonds in which pairs come together for the breeding season. We subjected lizards to a Y-maze experiment presenting both discrete (comparisons involving two vs. four, two vs. six, two vs. eight, four vs. six, four vs. eight, and six vs. eight pieces) and equivalent continuous combinations (single pieces differing in size) of pumpkin pieces. Our findings revealed that sleepy lizards exhibited spontaneous quantity discrimination, favoring the larger quantity in three discrete comparisons (eight vs. two, two vs. six, four vs. six) and two continuous comparisons (eight vs. two, eight vs. four). However, low accuracy may be attributable to difficulty in visual acuity exacerbated by difficulty discriminating quantities at small ratios. Furthermore, we found no evidence for a speed-accuracy trade-off in their decision-making process. Our results suggest that sleepy lizards likely employ multiple cues to estimate quantity accurately. Considering these results in the context of previous studies on various lizard species, it becomes apparent that lizards, as a group, offer a valuable model for unraveling the evolution of cognition, given their diverse ecology and sociobiology.","PeriodicalId":8840,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135824159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune challenge changes social behavior in the guppy (<i>Poecilia reticulata</i>)","authors":"Stella A Encel, Timothy M Schaerf, Ashley J W Ward","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arad081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arad081","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increased exposure to pathogens is often considered to be one of the most significant costs of group living. As a result, animals typically avoid close association with individuals who manifest symptoms of disease. The question remains, however, whether avoidance behaviors are mediated by effects relating specifically to the disease itself, or through recognition of more general sickness behaviors that emerge from the activity of the immune system in response to infection. Here we examined the effects of an immune challenge, induced through exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), on individual and social behavior in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We found that in a binary choice presentation, healthy focal individuals showed a strong preference to associate with stimulus shoals of saline-injected fish rather than stimulus shoals of LPS-injected fish. In a subsequent examination of group-level dynamics, shoals of LPS-injected females were more dispersed than similar shoals comprised of control fish and showed less coherent collective behavior despite the lack of any obvious difference in general activity between LPS and control fish. We discuss these findings in relation to the need for social animals to mitigate the risk of disease that is associated with living in proximity to conspecifics.","PeriodicalId":8840,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135824006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling effects of habitat structure on intraguild predation frequency and spatial coexistence between jaguars and ocelots","authors":"Sean Richards, Siria Gámez, Nyeema C Harris","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arad080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arad080","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Species within the same ecological guild exhibit niche attributes that vary in association with their diet, spatial occupancy, and temporal activity to reduce competition. In the case of the tropical felid community, many species exhibit substantial overlap in these niche dimensions. Consequently, jaguars (Panthera onca) will sometimes kill the smaller ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) competitor in a phenomenon called intraguild predation (IGP), which is a major structuring force in tropical forests. We developed a spatially explicit agent-based model to understand IGP with the expectation that ocelots employ spatial avoidance strategies using available forest canopy as the more arboreal species. We parameterized model agents with realistic behaviors to replicate the real-world environment. Jaguar and ocelot agents were allowed to move, hunt, and reproduce with varying numbers, heights, and canopy thickness of trees as we recorded IGP events and ocelot canopy occupancy. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to demonstrate how the number and height of trees significantly affected IGP occurrence. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found that the main contributor mediating coexistence between the two species was spatial avoidance of jaguars by ocelots by using available canopy refuges. Our modeling approach has broad application to different environments with similar intraguild interactions to predict the importance of forest structure and can inform policy directed toward forest management and habitat conservation.","PeriodicalId":8840,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggression rates increase around seasonally exploited resources in a primarily grass-eating primate","authors":"Julie C Jarvey, Bobbi S Low, Abebaw Azanaw Haile, Kenneth L Chiou, Noah Snyder-Mackler, Amy Lu, Thore J Bergman, Jacinta C Beehner, India A Schneider-Crease","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arad079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arad079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Female social relationships are often shaped by the distribution of dietary resources. Socioecological models predict that females should form strict linear dominance hierarchies when resources are clumped and exhibit more egalitarian social structures when resources are evenly distributed. While many frugivores and omnivores indeed exhibit dominance hierarchies accompanied by differential resource access, many folivores deviate from the expected pattern and display dominance hierarchies despite evenly distributed resources. Among these outliers, geladas (Theropithecus gelada) present a conspicuous puzzle; females exhibit aggressive competition and strict dominance hierarchies despite feeding primarily on non-monopolizable grasses. However, these grasses become scarce in the dry season and geladas supplement their diet with underground storage organs that require relatively extensive energy to extract. We tested whether female dominance hierarchies provide differential access to underground storage organs by assessing how rank, season, and feeding context affect aggression in geladas under long-term study in the Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. We found that the likelihood of receiving aggression was highest when feeding belowground and that the inverse relationship between rank and aggression was the most extreme while feeding belowground in the dry season. These results suggest that aggression in geladas revolves around belowground foods, which may mean that underground storage organs are an energetically central dietary component (despite being consumed less frequently than grasses), or that even “fallback” foods can influence feeding competition and social relationships. Further work should assess whether aggression in this context is directly associated with high-ranking usurpation of belowground foods from lower-ranking females following extraction.","PeriodicalId":8840,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenology and environmental determinants of explosive breeding in gliding treefrogs: diel timing of rainfall matters","authors":"Brandon A Güell, Karen M Warkentin","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arad072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arad072","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the temporal pattern of calling and breeding for many temperate anurans is well understood. However, few studies have documented patterns of reproduction in explosive-breeding tropical frogs or incorporated multiple environmental factors in their analyses, especially across multiple breeding seasons. We combine long-term natural history observations and automated data collection methods with boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis to determine the phenology and determinants of explosive breeding in the gliding treefrog, Agalychnis spurrelli. We monitored breeding for a total of 418 days across three breeding seasons and determined the relative importance of several environmental factors on the probability of calling and breeding activity. Our study population of A. spurrelli on Costa Rica’s Osa Peninsula forms breeding aggregations up to 11 times per year during 1–2-day long explosive-breeding events, from late May to mid-September. Calling and breeding activity are strongly and positively related to accumulated rainfall during the previous 24 and 48–24 h before, particularly rainfall during the afternoon and evening. Day-of-year, days since breeding occurred, and lunar phase also influence reproductive activity. This study provides the first description and analysis of the phenology and factors that predict explosive breeding in A. spurrelli and illustrates the value of using automated data collection paired with BRTs for the analysis of complex ecological data. La influencia de factores abióticos y bióticos en el patrón temporal de cantos y reproducción de muchos anuros de zonas templadas es bien conocida. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han documentado patrones de reproducción en ranas tropicales, que se reproducen de manera explosiva, o han incorporado múltiples factores ambientales en sus análisis, especialmente a lo largo de múltiples temporadas de reproducción. Combinamos observaciones de historia natural a largo plazo y métodos automatizados de recolectar datos con análisis de árboles de regresión y técnicas de remuestreo (‘boosted regression trees’, BRT) para determinar la fenología y los determinantes de la reproducción explosiva en la rana planeadora, Agalychnis spurrelli. Monitoreamos la reproducción durante un total de 418 días a través de tres temporadas de reproducción y determinamos la importancia relativa de varios factores ambientales en la probabilidad de cantos y reproducción. Nuestra población de estudio de A. spurrelli en la Península de Osa en Costa Rica forma agregaciones reproductivas hasta 11 veces por año, los eventos de reproducción explosiva tienen 1 a 2 días de duración, desde finales de mayo hasta mediados de septiembre. Los cantos y la reproducción están fuerte y positivamente relacionados con la acumulación de lluvia en las 24 y 48 a 24 horas anteriores, particularmente durante la tarde y la noche. El día del año, los días desde la última reproducción, y la fase l","PeriodicalId":8840,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134946465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large fitness benefits of social nesting in a small carpenter bee","authors":"Michael Mikát, Sandra M Rehan","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arad077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arad077","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Facultatively social insects are an optimal model group for the study of the emergence of cooperation between individuals. Factors influencing the fitness benefits of social nesting are still debated. Nonreproductive subordinates can benefit from indirect fitness benefits due to increasing reproductive success of related individuals or direct fitness benefits due to direct future reproduction. Here, we studied the costs and benefits of social nesting in the small carpenter bee Ceratina albosticta. From demographic data and within-nest relatedness, we obtained key parameters for assessing the fitness of solitary females, social primaries, and social secondaries. C. albosticta were found to usually mate with one male and multiple mating is not common although exists at low frequencies. Social nests usually contain two females, which were found to be related (full sisters), but also some females were unrelated to each other. Patterns of parentage from microsatellite loci revealed that only one female reproduces in social nests. Our results show that relatedness, per capita brood productivity, and offspring survival strongly increase the fitness benefits of social nesting strategies. Social secondaries, when related to the social primaries, have higher inclusive fitness than solitary females, but unrelated social nesting females had no indirect fitness and much reduced inclusive fitness compared to solitary females. Interestingly, average fitness benefits of the social secondary were higher than solitary females. This study provides important empirical data on the costs and benefits of sociality in a facultatively social bee and sets the stage for future comparative studies.","PeriodicalId":8840,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134946267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foraging is prioritized over nestmate rescue in desert ants and pupae are rescued more than adults","authors":"Adi Bar, Tomer Gilad, Doaa Massad, Asaph Ferber, Dan Ben-Ezra, Daniela Segal, Susanne Foitzik, Inon Scharf","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arad083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arad083","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social animals, and ants, in particular, exhibit a range of cooperative behaviors. One such behavior is the rescue of group members, which cannot return to the nest by themselves. However, if several group members need to be rescued, how do ants prioritize whom to save first? Furthermore, when food is offered in parallel, do ants prioritize feeding over rescuing? We studied the rescue behavior of the desert ant Cataglyphis niger. Workers invest more time in rescuing pupae than adult workers, perhaps because the value of brood is higher than that of older workers serving as foragers. Specific rescue behaviors, pulling the trapped individual or digging around it, differed when directed toward adults or pupae: rescuing workers more often pulled pupae whereas they dug more around trapped adults. Rescuing workers did not prioritize living individuals over dead ones or intact workers over injured ones indicating that trapped individuals were recognized chemically rather than by their morphology or behavior. Finally, workers prioritized foraging over rescuing, perhaps because fewer workers specialize in rescue behavior than in foraging. Our analysis indeed revealed that fewer workers both foraged and rescued trapped workers than expected by chance. In conclusion, ants that rescue others exhibit a complex set of behaviors, with varying attention and specific behaviors targeted at different individuals, perhaps according to the colony’s needs. Our study is important for emphasizing a relatively neglected aspect of sociality (rescue of group members) and demonstrates that the attentions of rescues differ based on the trapped nestmate’s life stage.","PeriodicalId":8840,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135548353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}