Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders最新文献

{"title":"Predictors of relapse or maintenance of response in pediatric and adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder following discontinuation of long-term treatment with atomoxetine.","authors":"Johannes Thome,&nbsp;Ralf W Dittmann,&nbsp;Laurence L Greenhill,&nbsp;Sarah Lipsius,&nbsp;Yoko Tanaka,&nbsp;Chris Bushe,&nbsp;Rodrigo Escobar,&nbsp;Alexandra N Heinloth,&nbsp;Himanshu Upadhyaya","doi":"10.1007/s12402-017-0227-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-017-0227-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We identified relapse/maintenance-of-response (MOR) predictors following discontinuation of long-term atomoxetine treatment in pediatric and adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and assessed correlations between ADHD symptoms and quality of life (QoL). Post hoc analyses of data from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 withdrawal studies in patients with ADHD meeting predefined response criteria before randomization. Study 1: patients (N = 163; 6-15 years) received atomoxetine (1.2-1.8 mg/kg/day) for 1 year, followed by randomization to atomoxetine (n = 81) or placebo (n = 82) for 6 months. Study 2: patients (N = 524; 18-50 years) received atomoxetine (80-100 mg/day) for ~6 months, followed by randomization to atomoxetine (n = 266) or placebo (n = 258) for ~6 months. Placebo patients were used for the analyses. Relapse: ≥50% worsening of prerandomization improvement in ADHD symptoms and ≥2 level severity increase on the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale at 2 consecutive visits; MOR: retaining ≥75% of prerandomization symptom improvement and CGI-S ≤ 2 at all visits (study 1); retaining ≥70% of prerandomization symptom improvement and CGI-S ≤ 3 at all visits (study 2). In adults, statistically significantly (P ≤ .05) increased likelihood of relapse was associated with prerandomization presence of Conners' Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-Investigator-Rated:Screening Version (CAARS-Inv:SV) items \"difficulty awaiting turn\" and \"careless mistakes.\" In pediatric patients, less MOR was associated with prerandomization presence of ADHD Rating Scale-IV-Parent Version Investigator-Rated item \"does not listen\"; in adults, less MOR was associated with prerandomization presence of CAARS-Inv:SV items \"loses things\" and \"difficulty awaiting turn.\" Changes in patients' QoL after withdrawal from atomoxetine moderately correlated with changes in ADHD symptoms in pediatric patients and mildly in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"9 4","pages":"219-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-017-0227-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34971259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sedentary behavior in adolescence: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Vivien Suchert,&nbsp;Anya Pedersen,&nbsp;Reiner Hanewinkel,&nbsp;Barbara Isensee","doi":"10.1007/s12402-017-0229-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-017-0229-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing studies reveal that high levels of sedentary behavior are associated with more inattention and hyperactivity problems. Since most previous studies used screen time as an indicator of sedentary behavior and assessed symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by short screening measures which do not allow to distinguish between subtypes of ADHD, the current study aimed to investigate association between different types of sedentary behavior and symptoms and subtypes of ADHD. The current cross-sectional study analyzed data of 913 students (46.1% girls) aged 13-17 years (M = 15.0, SD = 0.6). Using a self-administered questionnaire, screen-based and non-screen-based sedentary behavior and ADHD symptoms were assessed. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, moderate to vigorous physical activity and body mass index. Screen time was related to the total ADHD score (p < 0.001) as well as to the subscales inattention (p ≤ 0.016) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (p ≤ 0.008). Sedentary time without screens was virtually not associated with ADHD. As far as ADHD symptoms are considered as a correlate of sedentary behavior, the type of activity which is pursued sedentarily seems to matter: screen time, but not other non-screen-based sedentary activities should be considered as being a risk factor for ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"9 4","pages":"213-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-017-0229-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34885939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting patients with ADHD: Missed opportunities?","authors":"Oliver Tucha","doi":"10.1007/s12402-017-0233-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-017-0233-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"9 2","pages":"69-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-017-0233-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35012026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of sleep quality and quantity in moderating the effectiveness of medication in the treatment of children with ADHD.","authors":"Jessica Morash-Conway,&nbsp;Melissa Gendron,&nbsp;Penny Corkum","doi":"10.1007/s12402-016-0204-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0204-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study examined: (1) whether long-acting stimulant medication is effective in improving performance on measures of memory, attention, and academic productivity; and (2) whether sleep impacts the relationship between medication and performance. Participants were 21 newly diagnosed, medication-naïve children (mean age = 9.1 years) with ADHD, who participated in a 4-week blinded placebo-controlled randomized trial of long-acting MPH. Participants underwent assessments of sleep (i.e., polysomnography) and of cognitive performance. Long-acting stimulant medication was found to be an effective treatment for enhancing alerting attention, executive attention, working memory, and academic productivity, but resulted in poorer sleep. Moreover, sleep duration was found to impact the treatment response to medication, in that longer sleep duration at baseline was related to improved executive attention. These results underscore the importance of evaluating and monitoring sleep when prescribing stimulant medication as a treatment for ADHD in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"9 1","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-016-0204-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34656190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention, reward, and inhibition: symptomatic features of ADHD and issues for offenders in the criminal justice system.","authors":"Colleen M Berryessa","doi":"10.1007/s12402-016-0203-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0203-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the relationship between criminal activity and ADHD has been heavily studied, this paper reviews a largely neglected area of academic discourse: how symptoms of ADHD that often contribute to offending behavior may also potentially create further problems for offenders with ADHD after they come into contact with the criminal justice system and pilot their way through the legal process. The main symptoms of ADHD that are primarily connected to criminal offending are examined and contextualized with respect to diagnosed offenders' experiences with the justice system. Symptoms of ADHD, specifically reward deficiency, behavioral inhibition, and attention deficits, may affect whether individuals will be successful in their experiences in court, with probation, and during incarceration. This is especially true for individuals whose ADHD diagnoses are unknown to the criminal justice system or have never been formally diagnosed. Actors in the criminal justice need to be aware of the symptomatic features and behavioral patterns of offenders with ADHD in order to recognize and identify these offenders, and correspondingly, to refer them to mental health services. Recognizing that at least some of an offender's behavior may be related to symptoms of ADHD will help the criminal justice system better provide recommendations regarding sentencing, probation, and treatment provisions, as well as better ensure that offenders with ADHD have a more successful and just experience in their interactions with the criminal justice system.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"9 1","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-016-0203-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34640781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in claimed and behavioral self-handicapping and ADHD symptomatology in emerging adults.","authors":"Maryanne Jaconis,&nbsp;Stephen J Boyd,&nbsp;Cynthia M Hartung,&nbsp;Sean M McCrea,&nbsp;Elizabeth K Lefler,&nbsp;Will H Canu","doi":"10.1007/s12402-016-0200-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0200-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the research is clear that boys with ADHD have higher symptomatology and impairment than girls with ADHD, for adults the research is mixed. Some studies suggest no sex differences, whereas others suggest that women might have higher symptomatology and impairment. The present study examined sex differences in ADHD symptomatology and impairment, and the possible role of claimed and behavioral self-handicapping as an explanation for any differences. Claimed self-handicapping (CSH) involves reports of performance-inhibiting conditions, whereas behavioral self-handicapping (BSH) involves reporting more objective, intentional acts that could undermine performance. College students (N = 699) completed an online study. Sex differences were found for hyperactivity such that women reported higher levels, but not for inattention or impairment. The test of the indirect effect of sex through CSH was significant, suggesting that higher levels of CSH in women were associated with elevated ADHD symptoms and impairment. The test of the indirect effect of sex through BSH was also significant, suggesting that higher levels of BSH in men are associated with elevated symptoms of ADHD and impairment. These data extend the literature by suggesting that self-handicapping might at least partially explain differential self-reporting of ADHD symptoms and impairment in emerging adults across the sexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"8 4","pages":"205-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-016-0200-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34597912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional dysregulation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Judy van Stralen","doi":"10.1007/s12402-016-0199-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0199-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotional dysregulation is increasingly recognized as a core feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of the present systematic literature review was to identify published data related to the neuropsychology of emotional dysregulation in children with ADHD. The literature obtained is discussed in the contexts of deficits in emotional control, impairments in executive function, the emotional components of comorbidities, neurophysiological and autonomic correlates of emotional dysregulation, and the significance of multiple neuropsychological pathways of ADHD on emotional dysregulation. These various lines of evidence are used to create a patient-oriented conceptual model framework of the pathway from stimulus to inappropriate internalized (sadness, moodiness) or externalized (anger, aggressiveness) emotional responses. The article concludes by calling for continued research into the development of reliable and universally accepted measures of emotional dysregulation in order to provide children affected with ADHD, and their caregivers, some explanation for their emotional lability and, ultimately, to be used as tools to evaluate potential treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"8 4","pages":"175-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-016-0199-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34478255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is emotion recognition the only problem in ADHD? effects of pharmacotherapy on face and emotion recognition in children with ADHD.","authors":"Esra Demirci,&nbsp;Ayten Erdogan","doi":"10.1007/s12402-016-0201-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0201-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objectives of this study were to evaluate both face and emotion recognition, to detect differences among attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subgroups, to identify effects of the gender and to assess the effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine treatment on both face and emotion recognition in patients with ADHD. The study sample consisted of 41 male, 29 female patients, 8-15 years of age, who were diagnosed as having combined type ADHD (N = 26), hyperactive/impulsive type ADHD (N = 21) or inattentive type ADHD (N = 23) but had not previously used any medication for ADHD and 35 male, 25 female healthy individuals. Long-acting methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) was prescribed to 38 patients, whereas atomoxetine was prescribed to 32 patients. The reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET) and Benton face recognition test (BFRT) were applied to all participants before and after treatment. The patients with ADHD had a significantly lower number of correct answers in child and adolescent RMET and in BFRT than the healthy controls. Among the ADHD subtypes, the hyperactive/impulsive subtype had a lower number of correct answers in the RMET than the inattentive subtypes, and the hyperactive/impulsive subtype had a lower number of correct answers in short and long form of BFRT than the combined and inattentive subtypes. Male and female patients with ADHD did not differ significantly with respect to the number of correct answers on the RMET and BFRT. The patients showed significant improvement in RMET and BFRT after treatment with OROS-MPH or atomoxetine. Patients with ADHD have difficulties in face recognition as well as emotion recognition. Both OROS-MPH and atomoxetine affect emotion recognition. However, further studies on the face and emotion recognition are needed in ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"8 4","pages":"197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-016-0201-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34326799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD symptoms for diagnosis in adults: validity of a short 8-item version of the Wender-Utah Rating Scale.","authors":"Debjani Das,&nbsp;Jorge I Vélez,&nbsp;Maria T Acosta,&nbsp;Maximilian Muenke,&nbsp;Mauricio Arcos-Burgos,&nbsp;Simon Easteal","doi":"10.1007/s12402-016-0202-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0202-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS) is a widely used self-report instrument for retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD. However, many WURS items are not specific to ADHD. Here, we investigated the effect of excluding these items on the performance of the WURS in predicting adult ADHD based on previous diagnosis and current clinically significant symptoms. The study was conducted on a sample of adults (n = 1014; 48 % male) participating in a family-based investigation of ADHD. Participants completed the 61-item WURS questionnaire and the 66-item Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the performance of the eight-item WURS (WURS-8) and the longer WURS-25 in predicting previous ADHD diagnosis and current clinically significant ADHD symptoms. WURS-8 and WURS-25 have approximately the same power to predict adult ADHD, based on either previous diagnosis or current symptoms (area under the ROC curves >0.8). WURS-8 performs at least as well as the longer WURS-25 in predicting adult ADHD. This 8-item questionnaire is thus a valid instrument and is especially useful for screening for ADHD in large epidemiological samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"8 4","pages":"215-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-016-0202-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34744649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecure maternal attachment is associated with depression in ADHD children.","authors":"F López Seco,&nbsp;P Mundo-Cid,&nbsp;J Aguado-Gracia,&nbsp;A M Gaviria-Gómez,&nbsp;S Acosta-García,&nbsp;S Martí-Serrano,&nbsp;E Vilella,&nbsp;A Masana-Marín","doi":"10.1007/s12402-016-0197-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0197-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to analyze the possible association between maternal attachment style and comorbidity associated with childhood ADHD. We evaluated a total of 103 children with ADHD treated at a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre and their mothers. Comorbidity was evaluated using the MINI-KID interview. Maternal attachment was evaluated using the Adult Attachment Questionnaire. We considered child variables that could be associated with the clinical course of ADHD, such as symptom severity, age, gender, evolution time, academic level, and current pharmacological treatment; parental variables, such as the mother's psychiatric history, current psychopathology, marital status, academic level, income, and employment, were also considered. We found an association between maternal insecure attachment and comorbid depressive disorder in childhood ADHD. An insecure maternal attachment style must be considered in the assessment and treatment of childhood ADHD with comorbid depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"8 4","pages":"189-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-016-0197-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34340224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}