Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders最新文献

{"title":"Factor structure and clinical correlates of the 61-item Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS).","authors":"Matthew Calamia,&nbsp;Benjamin D Hill,&nbsp;Mandi W Musso,&nbsp;Russell D Pella,&nbsp;Wm Drew Gouvier","doi":"10.1007/s12402-018-0251-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-018-0251-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to assess the factor structure and clinical correlates of a 61-item version of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), a self-report retrospective measure of childhood problems, experiences, and behavior used in ADHD assessment. Given the currently mostly widely used form of the WURS was derived via a criterion-keyed approach, the study aimed to use latent variable modeling of the 61-item WURS to potentially identify more and more homogeneous set of items reflecting current conceptualizations of ADHD symptoms. Exploratory structural equation modeling was used to generate factor scores which were then correlated with neuropsychological measures of intelligence and executive attention as well as a broad measure of personality and emotional functioning. Support for a modified five-factor model was found: ADHD, disruptive mood and behavior, negative affectivity, social confidence, and academic problems. The ADHD factor differed somewhat from the traditional 25-item WURS short form largely through weaker associations with several measures of personality and psychopathology. This study identified a factor more aligned with DSM-5 conceptualization of ADHD as well as measures of other types of childhood characteristics and symptoms which may prove useful for both research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"10 3","pages":"177-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-018-0251-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35817123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Is emotion recognition the only problem in ADHD? Effects of pharmacotherapy on face and emotion recognition in children with ADHD.","authors":"Esra Demirci,&nbsp;Ayten Erdogan","doi":"10.1007/s12402-017-0247-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-017-0247-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author would like to correct the error in the publication of the original article. The corrected details are given below for your reading.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"10 2","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-017-0247-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35682435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD symptoms in healthy adults are associated with stressful life events and negative memory bias.","authors":"Janna N Vrijsen,&nbsp;Indira Tendolkar,&nbsp;Marten Onnink,&nbsp;Martine Hoogman,&nbsp;Aart H Schene,&nbsp;Guillén Fernández,&nbsp;Iris van Oostrom,&nbsp;Barbara Franke","doi":"10.1007/s12402-017-0241-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-017-0241-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stressful life events, especially Childhood Trauma, predict ADHD symptoms. Childhood Trauma and negatively biased memory are risk factors for affective disorders. The association of life events and bias with ADHD symptoms may inform about the etiology of ADHD. Memory bias was tested using a computer task in N = 675 healthy adults. Life events and ADHD symptoms were assessed using questionnaires. The mediation of the association between life events and ADHD symptoms by memory bias was examined. We explored the roles of different types of life events and of ADHD symptom clusters. Life events and memory bias were associated with overall ADHD symptoms as well as inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom clusters. Memory bias mediated the association of Lifetime Life Events, specifically Childhood Trauma, with ADHD symptoms. Negatively biased memory may be a cognitive marker of the effects of Childhood Trauma on the development and/or persistence of ADHD symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"10 2","pages":"151-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-017-0241-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35555954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Zappel-Philipp a historical example of ADHD Clinics.","authors":"Michel Bader,&nbsp;Rosemary Tannock,&nbsp;Nouchine Hadjikhani","doi":"10.1007/s12402-017-0239-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-017-0239-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In his book \"Die Geschichte von dem Zappel-Philipp,\" the German psychiatrist Heinrich Hoffmann (1809-1894) offers a clinical vignette which raises the question of the description of a disobedient child or presenting hyperactivity symptoms. This article describes the historical context and the biographical aspects related to this interesting approach to describing a psychiatric syndrome to children and adults. It also underlines the importance of a global approach of ADHD that considers the familial environment and situational context of symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"10 2","pages":"119-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-017-0239-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35509524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulant 'rapid metabolizers': wrong label, real phenomena.","authors":"Margaret D Weiss,&nbsp;Craig B H Surman,&nbsp;Dean Elbe","doi":"10.1007/s12402-017-0242-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-017-0242-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a review of the empirical literature regarding what has been described anecdotally as patients who are 'rapid metabolizers' of stimulant medication. The authors propose that this is a misnomer used to describe two types of atypical pharmacokinetic patterns of response: high-dose responders, short-duration responders and two types of atypical pharmacodynamics patterns of response: patients who develop either acute or chronic tolerance. The authors propose that use of more precise terminology should facilitate both patient education and research to better understand the physiology and clinical management of atypical response patterns to stimulant treatment. Presently, the understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychostimulants is still quite limited. Further scientific research is needed to understand unusual patterns of pharmacological response seen in the clinic. Careful identification and precise description of these patterns would facilitate understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of stimulants impacts the atypical response patterns seen in the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"10 2","pages":"113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-017-0242-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35576373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case series on the potential effect of omega-3-fatty acid supplementation on 24-h heart rate variability and its circadian variation in children with attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder.","authors":"Reiner Buchhorn,&nbsp;Julian Koenig,&nbsp;Marc N Jarczok,&nbsp;Hanna Eichholz,&nbsp;Christian Willaschek,&nbsp;Julian F Thayer,&nbsp;Michael Kaess","doi":"10.1007/s12402-017-0240-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-017-0240-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity (ADHD) in children is associated with decreased 24-h heart rate variability (HRV). Previous research has shown that supplementation of omega-3-fatty acid increases HRV. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the supplementation of omega-3-fatty acids would increase 24-h HRV in an uncontrolled case series of children with ADHD. HRV was recorded in 18 children and adolescents (age 13.35 ± 2.8 years) before and after omega-3 supplementation. Preliminary results indicate that omega-3 supplementation in children with AD(H)D may reduce mean heart rate and increase its variability. Future studies would do well to implement randomized, placebo-controlled designs with greater methodological rigor.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"10 2","pages":"135-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-017-0240-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35413689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analytic review of the association between cortisol reactivity in response to a stressor and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Jaclyn M Kamradt, Allison M Momany, Molly A Nikolas","doi":"10.1007/s12402-017-0238-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12402-017-0238-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A substantial literature suggests that abnormal cortisol reactivity may be a vulnerability for deleterious mental health outcomes, including ADHD. ADHD has been linked with difficulty in emotion regulation and increased risk of experiencing stressors, both of which may be related to psychobiological abnormalities (e.g., abnormal cortisol reactivity). Research has been mixed regarding the association between cortisol reactivity and ADHD. Therefore, the present meta-analytic review (k = 12) sought to quantify this association and review the relevant methodological issues and theoretical implications of this area of research. Overall, no effect was found between cortisol reactivity and ADHD (r = 0), although significant heterogeneity in the analyses suggested that there might be moderators of this association, if one does exist. Results highlight the importance of addressing limitations of the current literature on cortisol reactivity and ADHD and exploring additional indices of emotion regulation that may be associated with ADHD. Implications for future research efforts are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"10 2","pages":"99-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5837926/pdf/nihms912096.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35476234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced emotional empathy in adults with subclinical ADHD: evidence from the empathy and systemizing quotient.","authors":"Y Groen,&nbsp;A E den Heijer,&nbsp;A B M Fuermaier,&nbsp;M Althaus,&nbsp;O Tucha","doi":"10.1007/s12402-017-0236-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-017-0236-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies in children with ADHD suggest impairments in social cognitive functions, whereas studies in adults with ADHD are scarce and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ADHD traits and self-reported social cognitive style in a sample of adults from the general population. For this purpose, a community sample of 685 adults filled out online self-report questionnaires about ADHD symptoms (ADHD Rating Scale, ARS), social cognitive functioning and friendships. The Empathy Quotient (EQ) with the subscales Cognitive Empathy (CE), Emotional Empathy (EE) and Social Skills (SS), and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ) were included for measuring social cognitive style and the Friendship Questionnaire (FQ) for the quality of friendships. Participants who met the DSM-5 criteria on the ARS ('subclinical ADHD'; n = 56) were compared regarding their social cognitive functioning scores with a control group (n = 56) that was matched for age, sex and student status. With small effect sizes, the subclinical ADHD group showed reduced EE scores on the EQ and a more male social cognitive profile. This result was not influenced by sex or ADHD subtype. This study points to a relationship between traits of ADHD and the emotional aspect of empathy, whereas more complex aspects of empathy were unrelated. These findings should be corroborated in clinical patients with ADHD, employing neuropsychological tests rather than self-report questionnaires.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"10 2","pages":"141-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-017-0236-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35441169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD in acute care psychiatric inpatients.","authors":"Katherine L Lines,&nbsp;Joseph Sadek","doi":"10.1007/s12402-017-0243-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-017-0243-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurocognitive disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and motor hyperactivity. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD, in the general adult population, has been estimated to be 2.8%. Patients with ADHD have a high incidence of comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders. Those with a psychiatric disorder as well as ADHD have more psychosocial difficulties than those without ADHD. Despite knowing that ADHD is often comorbid with other psychiatric diagnoses, there are currently no studies elucidating the prevalence of ADHD in the inpatient psychiatric population, nor is there significant information about its impact. The lack of research into this topic suggests more needs to be done in the field of adult ADHD, especially in the inpatient psychiatric population and with respect to impairment in patient function. Knowing the prevalence of ADHD and its impact on quality of life in adult inpatients will help lay the groundwork for effective screening and management. The purpose of this study was to understand the prevalence rates of ADHD among psychiatric acute care inpatients. Other objectives included comparing the quality of life and functioning between patients with a primary psychiatric diagnosis and ADHD (treated or untreated) versus those with a primary psychiatric diagnosis and no ADHD. Thirty-three (N = 31) psychiatric inpatients were screened using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Those that screened positive for ADHD received a full diagnostic assessment for ADHD. All patients completed the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS) to assess level of functioning and a Clinical Global Impression of Severity/Improvement Scale (on admission and discharge). Demographic information was also obtained. Of the 31 patients analyzed, 12 had a diagnosis of ADHD (36.4%). The participants diagnosed with ADHD scored significantly higher on the WFIRS, suggesting decreased functioning compared to patients without comorbid ADHD. Patients with ADHD also scored significantly higher in the individual domains of this rating scale, suggesting impairment in family, work and social functioning as well as decreased life-skills, poor self-concept and increased risk-taking behavior. In this sample, the prevalence of ADHD is significantly higher among acute care psychiatric inpatients than in the general population. Patients with concomitant ADHD suffer more functional impairment than those without. These findings merit further investigation into the value of routine screening and patient-specific treatment of ADHD in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"10 2","pages":"129-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-017-0243-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35707894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive alcohol expectancies mediate associations between ADHD behaviors and alcohol-related problems among college students.","authors":"Alexis Elmore,&nbsp;Molly Nikolas,&nbsp;Will Canu","doi":"10.1007/s12402-017-0231-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-017-0231-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing percentage of college students report being affected by ADHD behaviors, and this population is at increased risk of experiencing negative consequences associated with alcohol consumption. However, specific factors motivating alcohol consumption and contributing to negative outcomes among these individuals are not well understood. Recent work suggests alcohol expectancies may interact with ADHD behaviors to influence negative drinking-related outcomes among those with elevated inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Seven-hundred-forty emerging adults (M age = 19.13 [SD = 2.25] years; 72.1% female; 85.8% Caucasian) enrolled in two public universities in the Southeast and Midwest USA completed the Brief Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol Survey (B-CEOA) and provided self-reports of ADHD symptoms and drinking-related outcomes. Multiple mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate effects of ADHD behaviors (i.e., hyperactivity-impulsivity, and inattention) and related impairment in major life domains (e.g., social interactions, occupational and educational activities, fulfillment of daily responsibilities) on drinking-related outcomes via positive and negative alcohol expectancies, controlling for sex, age, co-occurring oppositional behaviors, and data collection site. Inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and impairment directly predicted both personal and social problems consequent to alcohol use. Effects of ADHD behaviors and impairment on drinking-related personal and social problems were partially mediated by positive expectancies. Findings are consistent with and extend prior work supporting a role of positive alcohol expectancies in alcohol-related negative outcomes among college students experiencing mild to moderate symptoms of ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":88387,"journal":{"name":"Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders","volume":"10 1","pages":"65-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12402-017-0231-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34945662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}