Behavioural Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Prior beliefs modulate rule-based learning in dynamic probabilistic environments: Insights from a hierarchical Bayesian model","authors":"Weiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Linyan Liu ,&nbsp;John W. Schwieter ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humans learn and utilize diverse rules to guide their decision-making. Previous studies have demonstrated that individuals possess symbolic flexibility—the ability to effectively acquire different symbol associations. However, it remains unclear as to whether individuals retain symbol flexibility when acquiring language rules (pseudowords) and non-language symbol rules (mathematical operators) in dynamically changing environments. This study integrates a probabilistic reversal learning task and a picture-word matching task to create dynamic environments with varying levels of probability of receiving a reward. Computational modeling of behavioral and fMRI data revealed that individuals exhibited symbol flexibility, effectively learning distinct symbol systems while displaying divergent learning patterns. Specifically, as the value of prior beliefs increased, response times became faster during non-language symbol rule learning but slower during language rule learning. The right caudate nucleus exhibited rule-specific activation: In language tasks, activation was significantly higher under high probability environments compared to no probability conditions; and in non-language symbol tasks, activation under no probability conditions surpassed that in language tasks. These findings highlight the neural and behavioral adaptability underlying symbol flexibility, demonstrating that prior beliefs dynamically shape learning strategies across rule types and environmental uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-dose subacute and acute thymoquinone treatments alleviate LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in mice by reducing inflammation via the IDO/KYN pathway","authors":"Huyue Fang ,&nbsp;Suhong Ye ,&nbsp;Azhar B. Hussein ,&nbsp;Shijia Chen ,&nbsp;Qiaolu Xu ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Nashwa Amin","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like activity of thymoquinone (TQ) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior by inhibiting indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO). IDO degrades tryptophan (TRP) along the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. TQ, the main bioactive compound found in black seed (Nigella sativa) oil<strong>,</strong> possesses numerous biological activities, including anti-oxidants and anti-inflammation properties. Subacute and acute TQ treatments were administered to mice at doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg<strong>.</strong> Depression-like behavior was assessed using the forced swim test (FST), Tail Suspension Test (TST), Open Field Test (OFT), and Sucrose Preference test (SPT). Blood flow following LPS and TQ administration was explored using laser speckle imaging, while a transmission electron microscope was used to investigate ultrastructural changes in the hippocampus. The mechanism of action was further explored by measuring protein expression levels and performing qPCR. Subacute and acute TQ treatments at dose 20 mg/kg significantly reduced immobility periods in stressed mice indicating robust antidepressant-like activity under stress conditions. Acute TQ 5 mg/kg treatment showed non significant effect on locomotor activity, whereas, subacute TQ 5 mg/kg treatment exhibited slight improvements in behavioral tests and modest downregulation of apoptosis and inflammatory proteins. TQ treatment also improved blood flow following LPS-induced depression, significantly reduced IDO/KYN expression levels, and increased TRP and 5-HT levels. Additionally, TQ protected neurons, axons, and synapses after LPS injection. These finding suggest that TQ exerts significant antidepressant-like activity in mice, potentially through its anti-inflammatory effects and inhibition of IDO activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and heterogeneity of rat 22 kHz vocalizations","authors":"Stefan M. Brudzynski","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development of vocal responses to air-puff was analyzed in rats from postnatal day 2–65 with a special attention to first adult-type 22 kHz calls. Neonates and infants vocalized with stereotypic distress calls to cold air of the puff. Juveniles responded to air-puff with short, primitive 22 kHz calls, and adult rats produced species-typical 22 kHz vocalizations of at least three subtypes. It is hypothesized that the category of emitted vocalizations was dependent on the stage of the limbic system development. Emission of primitive 22 kHz calls by juveniles corresponds to activity of an ancient part of the limbic system. Based on the analysis of a large population of 22 kHz calls, it is proposed that there are three subtypes of 22 kHz aversive vocalizations in adult rats. (1) Short 22 kHz vocalizations (20–300 ms) are serving as warning calls or expressing frustration, uncertainty, and novelty testing. Duration of these calls is shortened at higher level of aversive arousal. (2) Medium duration, long 22 kHz vocalizations (300–1000 ms) are serving expression of alarm, anxiety, or potential danger. Duration of these calls is also shortened at higher level of aversive arousal. (3) Extra long duration 22 kHz vocalizations appear to stimuli defined as annoyers and is expressing annoyance, irritation, and exasperation. Duration of these calls is prolonged at higher level of aversive arousal and can reach the longest durations for 22 kHz vocalizations. All three subtypes of 22 kHz calls are associated with certain form of negative emotional state as uncertainty, discomfort, displeasure, and aversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal fluoxetine exposure does not impair cognition in offspring","authors":"Mayerli Andrea Prado-Rivera,&nbsp;Jessie J. Ebbing,&nbsp;Mariia Yurova,&nbsp;Jocelien D.A. Olivier","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine (FLX) are widely prescribed to treat depression during pregnancy, however their lasting effects on both maternal and offspring behavior remains uncertain. Long-term outcomes on cognitive performance in the offspring are mixed, and in addition the role of maternal care is understudied. In humans it is impossible to study the effect of SSRIs without the underlying maternal illness, therefore, our aim was to investigate the long-term effects of perinatal FLX exposure on cognitive performance of dams and their offspring in Wistar rats. Because serotonin levels can alter maternal care, this behavior was observed as well. Female rats were daily treated with either FLX or vehicle (VEH) throughout pregnancy and lactation. Dams were tested for spatial memory before pregnancy and six weeks after the pups were weaned. Male and female offspring were tested for spatial working memory, short-term and long-term spatial memory, and social recognition. We found that FLX-treated dams showed a higher frequency on the nest. Unfortunately, both mothers and offspring were not able to discriminate novel object location in short- and long-term memory test, therefore no conclusions could be drawn for this specific spatial memory test. Regarding other cognitive outcomes in the offspring, perinatal FLX did not influence spatial working memory and social recognition. Sex-specific effects were observed in which females, regardless of treatment, showed a higher cognitive flexibility but reduced social recognition compared to males. Our findings demonstrate that SSRIs use during pregnancy and lactation influences maternal care but has little impact on cognitive function of offspring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social interaction deficits and anxiety-like behavioral changes in the TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Daniela Černotová ,&nbsp;Kristýna Malenínská ,&nbsp;Anna Horáková ,&nbsp;Veronika Rudolfová ,&nbsp;Aleš Stuchlík ,&nbsp;Jan Svoboda","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms, which may manifest as anxiety, decreased initiative, and social withdrawal. The TgF344-AD rat model recapitulates several AD-like pathological features and cognitive deficits, yet the progression of anxiety-like and social behavior impairments remains poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated anxiety-like and social behaviors in male and female TgF344-AD rats at 10 and 14 months of age using the open field, elevated plus-maze, and social interaction paradigms. While standard anxiety measures showed limited genotype effects, we observed decreased exploratory behaviors in male rats across the experimental setups. Importantly, notable social interaction deficits were identified in TgF344-AD rats, persisting across both age points. Our behavioral assessment provides an essential characterization of this model in the mid-stage disease when neuropathological changes and cognitive symptoms are developed. Most importantly, this work provides evidence for social behavior deficits in the TgF344-AD model and contributes to understanding non-cognitive changes in AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115820"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion tensor imaging-based evaluation of white-matter tract alterations in schizophrenic patients with personality-related comorbidities","authors":"Mahsa Asadi Anar ,&nbsp;Daniel shafiei ,&nbsp;Kourosh Mousa Zadeh ,&nbsp;Farbod khosravi ,&nbsp;Shaghayegh Karami ,&nbsp;Saba Mehrtabar ,&nbsp;Melika Arab Bafrani ,&nbsp;Seyyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei ,&nbsp;Hadis Seif ,&nbsp;Pouya Asgari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Saeed Soleimani Meigoli ,&nbsp;Nazanin Mohammadzadeh Kosari ,&nbsp;Mahdi khajavi","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder frequently accompanied by personality-related traits such as impulsivity and psychosis proneness. Emerging evidence implicates white matter (WM) dysconnectivity in the pathophysiology of SZ. This study aimed to evaluate microstructural alterations across key WM tracts using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and explore their associations with personality dimensions.We analyzed DTI data from 45 patients with SZ and 114 matched healthy controls from the UCLA Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics dataset. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and complementary diffusivity metrics,mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD),were extracted from 21 predefined WM tracts. Dimensional personality traits were assessed using validated psychometric instruments including the BIS-11, TCI, MPQ, and Chapman Scales. Group differences and tract-personality correlations were examined using ANCOVA and permutation-based statistics with Bonferroni correction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SZ patients showed significant reductions in FA and elevations in MD and RD in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, left optic radiation, and left posterior thalamic radiation (p &lt; 0.05, corrected), implicating both demyelination and generalized microstructural disorganization. These abnormalities were significantly correlated with heightened impulsivity, impaired self-regulation, and increased psychosis proneness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings highlight distributed WM microstructural deficits in schizophrenia that extend beyond FA alterations and are linked to clinically relevant personality traits. The integration of multidimensional DTI analysis with personality profiling may enhance mechanistic understanding of psychiatric comorbidity in SZ and support future biomarker development for stratified intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic gait analysis in alpha-synuclein transgenic line 62 mice using the CatWalk","authors":"Karima Schwab ,&nbsp;Lianne Robinson ,&nbsp;Jack Bray ,&nbsp;Anne Anschuetz ,&nbsp;Miguel Mondesir ,&nbsp;Monica Magri ,&nbsp;Charles R. Harrington ,&nbsp;Gernot Riedel","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aggregation of α-synuclein in the brain is a characteristic hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder with distinct motor and gait abnormalities. The recapitulation of gait assessment in rodents is therefore a useful tool to determine gait impairments in pre-clinical disease models of PD. The CatWalk automated gait analyses system was used to systematically access gait performance in line 62 (L62) transgenic mice. L62 mice express full-length human α-synuclein fused with a signal sequence peptide as a pre-clinical mouse model for PD and related synucleinopathies. For both genotypes, male mice spent less time running, had a significantly lower average speed, smaller base of support (BOS) and stride lengths compared to female mice. L62 transgenic mice (male and female) ran less, had a smaller hind BOS, and showed spatial and temporal interlimb coordination deficiencies compared to WT mice. Additionally, 12-month old mice ran less time compared to 6-month old mice, and the spatial and temporal deficits in L62 were most pronounced in 12 month old male mice. CatWalk gait performance of α-synuclein transgenic L62 mice was impaired and more pronounced in aged mice. Kinetic and coordination-related gait parameters were affected similarly in male and female L62, and these changes appeared already by 6 months. Lastly, spatial deficits emerged earlier in male L62 while temporal deficits emerged earlier in female L62 mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality in cognitive and affective neuroscience.","authors":"Marta Andreatta, Matthias Gamer","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Technological advances are making the use of virtual reality (VR) easier and more affordable for many research institutions. Such applications allow for increasing the ecological validity of experimental scenarios and provide new opportunities to collect behavioral data that is typically inaccessible in traditional laboratory settings. Thereby, new insights into fundamental questions of cognitive and affective neuroscience can be gained. This special issue provides a common platform for such endeavors and integrates contributions on novel research designs that use VR to investigate the neural, physiological, and cognitive basis of human behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"115809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsolidation of episodic-like memory is affected by exposure to the predator odor TMT in mice","authors":"Oscar Pichlmeier,&nbsp;Ebru Caner,&nbsp;Levi von Kalben,&nbsp;Lynn Michelle Grodzki,&nbsp;Nicole Weigelt,&nbsp;Chiara Pepe ,&nbsp;Fabio Morellini","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When a memory is reactivated, it undergoes a reconsolidation phase, during which it becomes unstable and can be modulated. Several studies have shown that cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents play essential roles in learning, consolidating, and retrieving new memories. This study investigates the influence of an acute innate psychological stressor on the reconsolidation of newly acquired memories in male C57BL/6 J mice. We designed new protocols to reactivate previously learned memories in two spatial learning tasks, aiming to induce reconsolidation of hippocampus-dependent episodic-like memory and affect it through stress caused by exposure to 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT), a chemical that mimics the scent of fox feces and induces innate fear in mice. We observed that exposure to TMT after memory reactivation impaired reconsolidation in a paradigm for one-trial spatial learning. Moreover, the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone blocked the adverse effects of stress on reconsolidation. On the other hand, the effects of stress were not mimicked by the injection of corticosterone. Finally, stress did not affect the reconsolidation of spatial memories in the water maze task. Our results support the assumption that it is not the elevation of plasma corticosterone per se, but rather the stress context following memory reactivation, that negatively influences the reconsolidation process and subsequent memory retrieval. In conclusion, this study highlights the complexity of stress responses, which cannot be pharmacologically mimicked but require the proper behavioral and environmental context, and it provides new mouse models for investigating the reconsolidation of spatial memories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"495 ","pages":"Article 115817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral investigation of the sense of agency in rats by manipulating temporal delays between response and outcome: Insights from a causal reasoning task","authors":"Mami Terao ,&nbsp;Hiroki Furuie ,&nbsp;Mitsuhiko Yamada ,&nbsp;Kosuke Sawa","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sense of agency is the ability to attribute one’s actions and their effects on the external environment. Temporal delays between actions and outcomes in humans reduce the sense of agency. This study used the causal reasoning task developed by Blaisdell et al. (2006) to examine whether behavioral changes similar to those in humans occur in rats when temporal delays are introduced between lever pressing and stimulus presentation. In Experiments 1 and 2, changes in nose-poke responses, an indicator of food expectations, were measured under delayed conditions ranging from 0 to 1000 ms. Nose-poke responses increased as the delay extended from 250 to 500 ms. These findings were superficially consistent with human studies, in which temporal delays attenuated the sense of agency. In Experiment 3, MK-801-treated rats, a pharmacological model of schizophrenia, were used to examine whether the reduction in the sense of agency observed during schizotypy could be replicated. These rats exhibited increased nose-poke responses compared to controls, showing behavioral consistency with findings in humans. The present results suggest that, while this paradigm has potential for evaluating the sense of agency in rats, performance is still influenced by multiple factors, underscoring the importance of continued methodological refinement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}