Behavioural Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Contribution of distinctive outcome measures to the assessment of anxiety in the open field: A meta-analysis of factors mediating open-field test variability in rodent models of anxiety","authors":"Özge Selin Çevik ,&nbsp;Didem Derici Yıldırım ,&nbsp;Coşar Uzun ,&nbsp;Erdal Horata","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anxiety and stress-related disorders are severe psychiatric conditions that affect performance in daily tasks. The most common behavioral test to assess a rodent's level of anxiety is a non-invasive open-field test (OFT). To synthesize the many indications of anxiolysis and provide a thorough understanding and more trustworthy conclusions regarding the effects of interventions, a meta-analysis is essential.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Search terms were developed and refined our strategy using MeSH and non-MeSH terms. Here, studies were systematically reviewed on PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL (Ebsco) from July 2023 to September 2024. According to that, 3860 studies were retrieved and after initial and full-text screening 56 studies were included (has stress hormone data) to support finding suitable animal models for future experimental studies on stress-related anxiety.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analyses of the content of reviewed studies supported that stressed female animals present an overall higher time in the center, compared with male animals. The observed difference in time spent in the center between stressed female and male animals can be attributed to various underlying physiological and behavioral mechanisms. On the other hand, the overall effect of stress was not significant on locomotor activity (LA). Stratified subgroup analysis did not find significant effects of species, and meta-regression results showed no significant moderating effects for age and housing conditions. However, a general trend suggested higher LA in control than stressed animals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Anxiety involves multiple interacting psychological drives, meaning no single test can capture all its facets. The OFT's specificity (e.g., showing effects only in stressed females or under certain conditions) should be considered while study is planning. Given the nuanced relationship between locomotion and anxiety, it is imperative to consider additional factors and methodologies when interpreting OFT results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"490 ","pages":"Article 115612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring virtual reality as an anxiety-inducing paradigm: Multimodal insights from subjective, behavioral and neurophysiological measures","authors":"Zhicong Guo ,&nbsp;Jian Lv ,&nbsp;Xiang Liu ,&nbsp;Weijie Pan ,&nbsp;Ding-an Song","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anxiety results from the complex interplay between innate defensive responses to perceived threats and higher-order cognitive processes, mediated by specialized circuits in the human neocortex. Traditional methods of anxiety induction often fail to replicate the inherent unpredictability of threats or maintain ecological validity, thereby limiting their ability to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms of anxiety. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to explore the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) as an innovative anxiety-inducing tool. By further using its ability to simulate real world scenes, the neural activities inducing anxiety in VR scenes were studied. VR is used to induce anxiety through customized scenarios, while a range of data, including subjective self-reports, objective performance measures, eye movement data, and EEG signals, are collected. The findings indicate that VR is efficacious in induced anxiety, which manifests through the arousal of anxious emotions, alterations in cognitive processes, and distinct neurophysiological patterns, particularly increased theta and alpha activity in the frontal and parietal regions. This research reinforces the ecological validity of VR as a research tool, contributing to a deeper understanding of the neurophysiological basis of anxiety and providing a more nuanced framework for both anxiety research and interventions in real-world contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"489 ","pages":"Article 115610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The serotonin precursor 5-HTP and the serotonin releaser fenfluramine but not the serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram impair acquisition and expression of context-conditioned fear","authors":"S.Melker Hagsäter,&nbsp;Daniela Atanasovski,&nbsp;Robert Pettersson,&nbsp;Elias Eriksson","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whereas preclinical and clinical studies suggest serotonin to play an important role in the regulation of anxiety, it remains unclear if its dominating impact is anxiety-dampening or anxiety-provoking. In male rats exposed to a well-established animal model of anxiety, i.e., context-conditioned freezing, we previously found serotonin depletion prior to acquisition and/or expression of conditioned fear to result in a reduction in freezing. We now explored the effect of increasing synaptic levels of serotonin in the same paradigm. Two compounds eliciting a robust increase in extracellular serotonin levels – the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and the serotonin releaser d-fenfluramine – were administered <em>i)</em> prior to acquisition, <em>ii)</em> immediately after acquisition, or <em>iii)</em> prior to expression of conditioned fear; for comparison, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) escitalopram was also tested. Both 5-HTP (≥ 25 mg/kg) and fenfluramine (≥ 0.5 mg/kg), but not escitalopram (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg), decreased the expression of conditioned fear in a dose-dependent manner. At higher dosage, both 5-HTP (≥ 250 mg/kg) and fenfluramine (5 mg/kg), but not escitalopram (30 mg/kg), impaired acquisition of fear conditioning as well as freezing displayed during presentation of electric foot shocks. In contrast, neither 5-HTP nor fenfluramine impacted expression of conditioned fear when administered immediately after the exposure to shocks. The results underline the importance of an intact and physiologically regulated serotonergic transmission for fear conditioning in rats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"488 ","pages":"Article 115611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive effects of scopolamine on temporal preparation in male macaque monkeys","authors":"Takahiro Tsuchiya,&nbsp;Dai Fukumoto,&nbsp;Takeharu Kakiuchi,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Ohba,&nbsp;Norihiro Harada,&nbsp;Shigeyuki Yamamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temporal preparation refers to the cognitive ability to anticipate the timing of future events. In a simple reaction time task (SRTT), temporal preparation encompasses foreperiod and sequential effects, which serve as indices of temporal attentional function and short-term memory function, respectively. A previous positron emission tomography (PET) study demonstrated muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAChR) occupancy by the antagonist scopolamine (0.01 mg/kg) in monkeys, with maximal receptor occupancy and short-term memory impairment observed 120 minutes post-administration. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of scopolamine on temporal preparation at this critical time point. Using the SRTT, reaction times (RTs) were assessed in three monkeys 120 minutes after scopolamine administration (0.01 mg/kg). Additionally, PET imaging with the dopamine D1 receptor radioligand ([¹¹C]SCH23390) was performed in the same monkeys under awake conditions to examine dopamine transmission, given scopolamine’s known interaction with dopaminergic systems. Behavioral results indicated that scopolamine administration decreased average RTs while preserving the foreperiod effect. PET imaging revealed a significant increase in dopamine D1 receptor binding within the putamen following scopolamine administration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report a reduction in RTs post-scopolamine administration in monkeys. The observed shortening of RTs may result from the interaction between scopolamine-induced short-term memory impairment and enhanced dopamine D1 receptor transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"489 ","pages":"Article 115599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To what extent do EEG measures reflect performance in perceptual tests?","authors":"Simona Garobbio ,&nbsp;Wei-Hsiang Lin ,&nbsp;Marina Kunchulia ,&nbsp;Michael H. Herzog","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many studies, EEG measures reflect performance in visual and cognitive tests, as determined by averages across different conditions or groups of participants. Based on these results, one might expect that there is also a significant correlation between performance and EEG measures at the individual level. In this study, we tested young and older adults with three visual tests while recording EEG. We analyzed 13 EEG measures, which were shown to reflect specific aspects of visual processing. Surprisingly, correlations between visual performance and the EEG measures were weak. Even more surprisingly, the EEG measures were highly correlated within participants. Our findings suggest that commonly used EEG measures mainly represent stable traits of participants rather than performance in the tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"488 ","pages":"Article 115602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived levels of environmental unpredictability and changes in visual attention mechanisms in adults","authors":"Marcos Luis Pietto ,&nbsp;Federico Giovannetti ,&nbsp;Julia Hermida ,&nbsp;María Soledad Segretin ,&nbsp;Sebastián Javier Lipina ,&nbsp;Juan Esteban Kamienkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective attention mechanisms change in response to variations in sensory experiences and environmental demands. In other words, they are influenced not only by favorable contextual experiences but also by unfavorable ones. Therefore, exposure to environmental unpredictability and chaos could influence selective attention. However, there is a lack of studies directly investigating this relationship. This study examined how household chaos and daily unpredictability relate to selective attention at behavioral and neural levels in young adults (n = 39). Participants were categorized as experiencing high or low unpredictability and chaos based on their scores on respective scales. Using EEG recordings, we measured the amplitude of the N2pc and Pd components, along with accuracy and reaction times, during the performance in two visual search tasks that varied in the level of interference from distracting stimuli (presence vs. absence of a color singleton distractor). The results revealed differences in neural activity related to unpredictability but not chaos. Specifically, in the high-interference visual search task, both groups exhibited an N2pc component associated with the singleton distractor, reflecting attentional capture by distracting information. However, the high-unpredictability group showed a larger N2pc amplitude associated with the target and a larger Pd amplitude associated with the distractor. These findings suggest greater engagement of reactive attentional resources to suppress distractors and select the target, and support hypotheses suggesting that adverse contexts involving unpredictability or chaos relate to changes in how individuals process distracting or irrelevant information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"488 ","pages":"Article 115601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety-like behavior in rats during periods of abstinence following E-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke exposure: Role of inflammatory cytokines and glutamate receptors","authors":"Alaa M. Hammad ,&nbsp;Heba Syaj ,&nbsp;Osama H. Abusara ,&nbsp;Sawsan I. Khdair ,&nbsp;Rasha Debas ,&nbsp;F.Scott Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke induces changes in the glutamatergic systems as well as neuroinflammation. We examined E-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke effects on inflammatory cytokines and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Furthermore, we investigated the behavioral changes related to E-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke exposure through utilizing open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and light/dark (LD) tests. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: Control, E-cigarette, and Cigarettes groups. Exposure to either E-cigarette vapor or cigarette smoke exposure was performed for 2 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 60 days. Behavioral tests were conducted every two weeks, 24 hr after exposure, during periods of abstinence. Anxiety-like behaviors were increased following repeated periods of abstinence from E-cigarette vapor or cigarette smoke. E-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke elevated the relative mRNA expression of nuclear factor ĸB (<em>Nf-ĸB</em>), interleukin 6 (<em>Il-6</em>), and metabolic glutamate receptor 5 (<em>mglur5</em>) and reduced expression of interleukin 1β (<em>Il-</em>1β), tumor necrosis α (<em>Tnf-α</em>), and metabolic glutamate receptor 2 (<em>mglur2</em>) in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Moreover, no effect was observed on nuclear factor erythroid 2 (<em>Nrf2),</em> metabolic glutamate receptor 1 (<em>mglur1</em>), or metabolic glutamate receptor 3 (<em>mglur3</em>) expression. E-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke exposure can lead to abstinence-induced anxiety-like behavior partially through molecular changes in the PFC and NAc.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"488 ","pages":"Article 115600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin attenuates yohimbine-induced responding for oral oxycodone under a progressive ratio schedule in male and female rats","authors":"Natalie E. Cornejo,&nbsp;Elizabeth C. McNeely,&nbsp;Taylor Q. Yates,&nbsp;Moe Kaneko,&nbsp;Kah-Chung Leong","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) has become an epidemic in the United States, with oxycodone (OXY) being one of the most widely misused opioids. Stress plays a key role in triggering opioid use, which can lead to addiction and relapse, underscoring the urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. Recent studies suggest that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) may reduce addiction-related behaviors and possess anxiolytic properties. The present study investigates the effect of peripheral administration of OXT on attenuating stress-induced motivation to seek oral OXY, as measured by progressive ratio (PR) responding in both male and female rats. Animals were first trained in an operant conditioning paradigm to orally self-administer a sucrose solution by pressing an active lever for access to the solution. As responding stabilized, subjects were switched to an OXY-sucrose solution, with sucrose concentration reduced overtime, until subjects were self-administering oral OXY alone. To test the effect of stress on OXY responding the pharmacological stressor, yohimbine (YOH), was administered prior to a progressive ratio test in which animals were required to produce increasingly higher responses to receive a single exposure to OXY. Through a within subjects design, when OXT was concurrently administered, this YOH-induced enhancement of OXY reward strength was attenuated in both male and female rats. These results suggest that OXT may serve as a potential therapeutic remedy to mitigate the deleterious effects of stress on OXY addiction in both sexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"488 ","pages":"Article 115598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal microglial activation induces cognitive impairment and allodynia through neuronal plasticity changes in male mice with neuropathic pain","authors":"Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima ,&nbsp;Shintarou Tokuda ,&nbsp;Tatsuki Goto ,&nbsp;Nanako Yoshii ,&nbsp;Yoki Nakamura ,&nbsp;Yukio Ago ,&nbsp;Norimitsu Morioka","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clinical evidence indicates that cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, but the mechanism underlying this comorbidity remains unclear. Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development of both neuropathic pain and cognitive impairment. A previous study showed that minocycline, an inhibitor of microglia, ameliorated allodynia and cognitive impairment in partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) mice. Therefore, the current study examined a potential role of brain microglia in allodynia and cognitive impairment in male mice with neuropathic pain due to PSNL. Immunohistochemistry of the microglial markers ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119), and purinergic receptor P2Y12 (P2RY12) was performed to examine microglial status. Two weeks after PSNL, significant microglial activation was observed in the hippocampus and amygdala, but not in the perirhinal cortex. Inhibition of brain-region-specific microglia with a local microinjection of clodronate liposomes was examined to elucidate the involvement of these microglia in PSNL-induced allodynia and cognitive impairment. Local clodronate liposome microinjection to the hippocampus, but not the amygdala, ameliorated allodynia and cognitive impairment. Other changes in the hippocampus of PSNL mice, e.g., decreased hippocampal dendrite length and intersections number, were prevented by microinjection of clodronate liposomes. The current findings suggest hippocampal microglia are related to cognitive impairment and allodynia through neuronal plasticity changes observed in PSNL mice. Blocking hippocampal microglia-mediated neuroinflammation may be a novel approach for reducing comorbidities such as cognitive impairment associated with neuropathic pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"488 ","pages":"Article 115590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal immune activation alters bout structure of rat 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations","authors":"K. Jack Scott ,&nbsp;Lucinda J. Speers ,&nbsp;David K. Bilkey","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dysfunctional sequencing of behaviour and cognition is observed in schizophrenia across multiple domains, including during communication. We examined whether maternal immune activation (MIA), a risk factor for schizophrenia, disrupted the sequential organization of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in a rat model. We analysed the structure of bursts of 50-kHz USVs (bouts) in two independent datasets (paired-rat: 19 control, 18 MIA; reward paradigm: 18 control, 20 MIA), using a Damerau-Levenshtein analysis with a k-fold cross-validation procedure. MIA animals showed greater variability in their bout sequences in both datasets, with lower Levenshtein similarity index (LSI) scores compared to control animals. Notably, MIA set median sequences were more similar to control bout sequences than to their own group's sequences, suggesting a breakdown in sequential organization. Additionally, we found an alteration to 50-kHz USV transitional preferences in MIA in a reward context. While sequence structure was altered, basic call production and call-type distribution remained largely intact across groups. These findings demonstrate that MIA specifically appears to affect the organization of vocal sequences at the bout level, while largely preserving basic vocalization patterns. This work extends our understanding of the effects of maternal infection during pregnancy, and how this can lead to altered communication sequences that are relevant to schizophrenia risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"488 ","pages":"Article 115596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}