Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.","authors":"Dalia Chávez-García, Mario Guzman, Viridiana Sanchez, Rubén D Cadena-Nava","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.63","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water pollution, significantly influenced by the discharge of synthetic dyes from industries, such as textiles, poses a persistent global threat to human health. Among these dyes, methylene blue, particularly prevalent in the textile sector, exacerbates this issue. This study introduces an innovative approach to mitigate water pollution through the synthesis of nanomaterials using biomass-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from grape pomace and watermelon peel. Utilizing the hydrothermal method at temperatures between 80 and 160 °C over periods ranging from 1 to 24 h, CQDs were successfully synthesized. A comprehensive characterization of the CQDs was performed using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Raman spectroscopy, and luminescence spectroscopy, confirming their high quality. The photocatalytic activity of the CQDs in degrading methylene blue was evaluated under both sunlight and incandescent light irradiation, with measurements taken at 20 min intervals over a 2 h period. The CQDs, with sizes ranging from 1-10 nm, demonstrated notable optical properties, including upconversion and down-conversion luminescence. The results revealed effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight, highlighting the potential for scalable production of these cost-effective catalytic nanomaterials for synthetic dye degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties.","authors":"Monika Ozga, Eunika Zielony, Aleksandra Wierzbicka, Anna Wolska, Marcin Klepka, Marek Godlewski, Bogdan J Kowalski, Bartłomiej S Witkowski","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.62","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.62","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents an investigation into the influence of repeating cycles of hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing (HT+RTA) on the properties of CuO thin films. An innovative hydrothermal method ensures homogeneous single-phase films initially. However, their electrical instability and susceptibility to cracking under the influence of temperature have posed a challenge to their utilization in electronic devices. To address this limitation, the HT+RTA procedure has been developed, which effectively eliminated the issue. Comprehensive surface analysis confirmed the procedure's ability to yield continuous films in which the content of organic compounds responsible for the formation of cracks significantly decreases. Structural analysis underscored the achieved improvements in the crystalline quality of the films. The implementation of the HT+RTA procedure significantly enhances the potential of CuO films for electronic applications. Key findings from Kelvin probe force microscopy analysis demonstrate the possibility of modulating the work function of the material. In addition, scanning capacitance microscopy measurements provided information on the changes in the local carrier concentration with each repetition. These studies indicate the increased usefulness of CuO thin films obtained from the HT+RTA procedure, which expands the possibilities of their applications in electronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate.","authors":"Alexander V Rumyantsev, Nikolai I Borgardt, Roman L Volkov, Yuri A Chaplygin","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.61","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evolution of a multilayer sample surface during focused ion beam processing was simulated using the level set method and experimentally studied by milling a silicon dioxide layer covering a crystalline silicon substrate. The simulation took into account the redeposition of atoms simultaneously sputtered from both layers of the sample as well as the influence of backscattered ions on the milling process. Monte Carlo simulations were applied to produce tabulated data on the angular distributions of sputtered atoms and backscattered ions. Two sets of test structures including narrow trenches and rectangular boxes with different aspect ratios were experimentally prepared, and their cross sections were visualized in scanning transmission electron microscopy images. The superimposition of the calculated structure profiles onto the images showed a satisfactory agreement between simulation and experimental results. In the case of boxes that were prepared with an asymmetric cross section, the simulation can accurately predict the depth and shape of the structures, but there is some inaccuracy in reproducing the form of the left sidewall of the structure with a large amount of the redeposited material. To further validate the developed simulation approach and gain a better understanding of the sputtering process, the distribution of oxygen atoms in the redeposited layer derived from the numerical data was compared with the corresponding elemental map acquired by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode.","authors":"Vu Ngoc Hoang, Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa, Nguyen Quang Man, Le Vu Truong Son, Le Van Thanh Son, Vo Thang Nguyen, Le Thi Hong Phong, Ly Hoang Diem, Kieu Chan Ly, Ho Sy Thang, Dinh Quang Khieu","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.60","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A TiO₂/graphene quantum dots composite (TiO₂/GQDs) obtained by in situ synthesis of GQDs, derived from coffee grounds, and peroxo titanium complexes was used as electrode modifier in the simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine. The TiO₂/GQDs material was characterized by photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray mapping. The TiO₂/GQDs-GCE exhibits better electrochemical activity for uric acid and hypoxanthine than GQDs/GCE or TiO₂/GCE in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements. Under optimized conditions, the calibration plots were linear in the range from 1.00 to 15.26 μM for both uric acid and hypoxanthine. The limits of detection of this method were 0.58 and 0.68 μM for uric acid and hypoxanthine, respectively. The proposed DPV method was employed to determine uric acid and hypoxanthine in urine samples with acceptable recovery rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced subthreshold swing in a vertical tunnel FET using a low-work-function live metal strip and a low-<i>k</i> material at the drain.","authors":"Kalai Selvi Kanagarajan, Dhanalakshmi Krishnan Sadhasivan","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.59","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this research paper, a vertical tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) structure containing a live metal strip and a material with low dielectric constant is designed, and its performance metrics are analyzed in detail. Low-<i>k</i> SiO₂ is incorporated in the channel-drain region. A live molybdenum metal strip with low work function is placed in a high-<i>k</i> HfO₂ layer in the source-channel region. The device is examined by the parameters <i>I</i> _off, subthreshold swing, threshold voltage, and <i>I</i> _on/<i>I</i> _off ratio. The introduction of a live metal strip in the dielectric layer closer to the source-channel interface results in a minimum subthreshold slope and a good <i>I</i> _on/<i>I</i> _off ratio. The low-<i>k</i> material at the drain reduces the gate-to-drain capacitance. Both the SiO₂ layer and the live metal strip show excellent leakage current reduction to 1.4 × 10^-17 A/μm. The design provides a subthreshold swing of 5 mV/decade, which is an excellent improvement in TFETs, an on-current of 1.00 × 10^-5 A/μm, an <i>I</i> _on/<i>I</i> _off ratio of 7.14 × 10¹¹, and a threshold voltage of 0.28 V.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques.","authors":"Annamarija Trausa, Sven Oras, Sergei Vlassov, Mikk Antsov, Tauno Tiirats, Andreas Kyritsakis, Boris Polyakov, Edgars Butanovs","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.58","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the recent interest in ultrawide bandgap β-Ga₂O₃ thin films and nanostructures for various electronics and UV device applications, it is important to understand the mechanical properties of Ga₂O₃ nanowires (NWs). In this work, we investigated the elastic modulus of individual β-Ga₂O₃ NWs using two distinct techniques - in-situ scanning electron microscopy resonance and three-point bending in atomic force microscopy. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesised NWs were investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopies. The resonance tests yielded the mean elastic modulus of 34.5 GPa, while 75.8 GPa mean value was obtained via three-point bending. The measured elastic moduli values indicate the need for finely controllable β-Ga₂O₃ NW synthesis methods and detailed post-examination of their mechanical properties before considering their application in future nanoscale devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system.","authors":"Wendong Sun, Jianqiang Qian, Yingzi Li, Yanan Chen, Zhipeng Dou, Rui Lin, Peng Cheng, Xiaodong Gao, Quan Yuan, Yifan Hu","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.57","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) utilizes the multimode operation of cantilevers to achieve rapid high-resolution imaging and extract multiple properties. However, the higher-order modal response of traditional rectangular cantilever is weaker in air, which affects the sensitivity of multifrequency AFM detection. To address this issue, we previously proposed a bridge/cantilever coupled system model to enhance the higher-order modal response of the cantilever. This model is simpler and less costly than other enhancement methods, making it easier to be widely used. However, previous studies were limited to theoretical analysis and preliminary simulations regarding ideal conditions. In this paper, we undertake a more comprehensive investigation of the coupled system, taking into account the influence of probe and excitation surface sizes on the modal response. To facilitate the exploration of the effectiveness and optimal conditions for the coupled system in practical applications, a macroscale experimental platform is established. By conducting finite element analysis and experiments, we compare the performance of the coupled system with that of traditional cantilevers and quantify the enhancement in higher-order modal response. Also, the optimal conditions for the enhancement of macroscale cantilever modal response are explored. Additionally, we also supplement the characteristics of this model, including increasing the modal frequency of the original cantilever and generating additional resonance peaks, demonstrating the significant potential of the coupled system in various fields of AFM.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels","authors":"Nabojit Das, ‡. Vikas, Akash Kumar, Sanjeev Soni, R. Rayavarapu","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.15.56","url":null,"abstract":"Photothermal conversion of light into heat energy is an intrinsic optical property of metal nanoparticles when irradiated using near-infrared radiation. However, the impact of size and shape on the photothermal behaviour of gold nanomakura particles possessing optical absorption within 600–700 nm as well as on incorporation in hydrogels is not well reported. In this study, nanomakura-shaped anisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNMs) were synthesized via a surfactant-assisted seed-mediated protocol. Quaternary cationic surfactants having variable carbon tail length (n = 16, 14, 12) were used as capping for tuning the plasmon peak of gold nanomakura within a 600–700 nm wavelength. The aspect ratio as well as anisotropy of synthesized gold nanomakura can influence photothermal response upon near-infrared irradiation. The role of carbon tail length was evident via absorption peaks obtained from longitudinal surface plasmon resonance analysis at 670, 650, and 630 nm in CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of morphology and surrounding milieu of the synthesized nanomakuras on photothermal conversion is investigated owing to their retention of plasmonic stability. Interestingly, we found that photothermal conversion was exclusively assigned to morphological features (i.e., nanoparticles of higher aspect ratio showed higher temperature change and vice versa irrespective of the surfactant used). To enable biofunctionality and stability, we used kappa-carrageenan- (k-CG) based hydrogels for incorporating the nanomakuras and further assessed their photothermal response. Nanomakura particles in association with k-CG were also able to show photothermal conversion, depicting their ability to interact with light without hindrance. The CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM after incorporation into hydrogel beads attained up to ≈17.2, ≈17.2, and ≈15.7 °C, respectively. On the other hand, gold nanorods after incorporation into k-CG did not yield much photothermal response as compared to that of AuNMs. The results showed a promising platform to utilize nanomakura particles along with kappa-carrageenan hydrogels for enabling usage on nanophotonic, photothermal, and bio-imaging applications.","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales","authors":"Guillermo J Amador, Brett Klaassen van Oorschot, Caiying Liao, Jianing Wu, Da Wei","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.15.55","url":null,"abstract":"Hair, or hair-like fibrillar structures, are ubiquitous in biology, from fur on the bodies of mammals, over trichomes of plants, to the mastigonemes on the flagella of single-celled organisms. While these long and slender protuberances are passive, they are multifunctional and help to mediate interactions with the environment. They provide thermal insulation, sensory information, reversible adhesion, and surface modulation (e.g., superhydrophobicity). This review will present various functions that biological hairs have been discovered to carry out, with the hairs spanning across six orders of magnitude in size, from the millimeter-thick fur of mammals down to the nanometer-thick fibrillar ultrastructures on bateriophages. The hairs are categorized according to their functions, including protection (e.g., thermal regulation and defense), locomotion, feeding, and sensing. By understanding the versatile functions of biological hairs, bio-inspired solutions may be developed across length scales.","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives","authors":"Th. Fromme, S. Reichenberger, K. Tibbetts, Stephan Barcikowski","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.15.54","url":null,"abstract":"Laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) is an established method for producing functional and durable nanomaterials and catalysts in virtually any liquid of choice. While the redox reactions during laser synthesis in water are fairly well understood, the corresponding reactions in organic liquids remain elusive, particularly because of the much greater complexity of carbon chemistry. To this end, this article first reviews the knowledge base of chemical reactions during LSPC and then deduces identifiable reaction pathways and mechanisms. This review also includes findings that are specific to the LSPC method variants laser ablation (LAL), fragmentation (LFL), melting (LML), and reduction (LRL) in organic liquids. A particular focus will be set on permanent gases, liquid hydrocarbons, and solid, carbonaceous species generated, including the formation of doped, compounded, and encapsulated nanoparticles. It will be shown how the choice of solvent, synthesis method, and laser parameters influence the nanostructure formation as well as the amount and chain length of the generated polyyne by-products. Finally, theoretical approaches to address the mechanisms of organic liquid decomposition and carbon shell formation are highlighted and discussed regarding current challenges and future perspectives of LSPC using organic liquids instead of water.","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}