Prasenjit Sarkar, Litty Thomas Manamel, Puranjay Saha, Chinmay Jana, Amrit Sarmah, Kannan Udaya Mohanan, Bikas C Das, Chandan Mukherjee
{"title":"A triradical-containing trinuclear Pd(II) complex: spin-polarized electronic transmission, analog resistive switching and neuromorphic advancements.","authors":"Prasenjit Sarkar, Litty Thomas Manamel, Puranjay Saha, Chinmay Jana, Amrit Sarmah, Kannan Udaya Mohanan, Bikas C Das, Chandan Mukherjee","doi":"10.1039/d4mh00928b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4mh00928b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuromorphic computation has emerged as a potential alternative to subvert the von Neumann bottleneck issue in conventional computing. In this context, the development of resistive switching-based memristor devices mimicking various synaptic functionalities has engendered paramount attention. Here, we report a triradical-containing trinuclear Pd(II) cluster with a cyclohexane-like framework constituted by the Pd-Se coordination motif displaying facile memristor property with neuromorphic functionality as a thin-film device. The metal-ligand complex (complex 1) possessed an <i>S</i><sub>t</sub> = 1/2 ground state by experiencing a spin-frustrated-type magnetic coupling phenomenon amongst the three ligand-based organic radicals (<i>S</i><sub>R</sub> = 1/2), coordinated to the Pd(II) ions. Three reversible one-electron reduction waves countered with a one-electron and one two-electron reversible oxidation waves were noticed in the cyclic voltammogram of the complex, confirming electrons accepting and releasing capacity of the complex at low potentials, <i>i.e.</i>, within +0.2 V to -1.1 V. Employing the radical-containing complex 1 as the active thin-film sandwiched between two orthogonal electrodes, resistive switching based memristor property with biological synaptic actions were successfully emulated. Intriguingly, the artificial neural network (ANN) simulated efficient pattern recognition demonstrated using the recorded potentiation and depression curves from the device, which is a step ahead for the hardware realization of neuromorphic computing. The performance of the ANN on MNIST data with reduced image resolution has further been evaluated. Density functional theory (DFT)-based theoretical calculation predicted that the spin-polarized electronic transmission substantiated the memristive property in the neutral complex 1.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two-dimensional multifunctional metal-organic frameworks with large in-plane negative Poisson ratios and photocatalytic water splitting properties.","authors":"Wei Lin, Huimiao Wang, Yaling Luo, Xiaofeng Liu, ZhongJun Li, Weiduo Zhu, Xingxing Li, Zhao Chen, Haidi Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4mh01275e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4mh01275e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auxetic materials with multifunctional properties are highly sought after for application in modern nano-devices. However, the majority of reported inorganic auxetic materials exhibit low negative Poisson's ratios (NPR), poor flexibility, and limited functionality. In this study, we employ density-functional-theory (DFT) first-principles simulations to design a series of two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) M<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>X<sub>4</sub> (M = Cu, Ag, Au; X = O, S, NCN) that display intriguing auxetic behavior, superior flexibility and appropriate photocatalytic water-splitting properties. These M<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>X<sub>4</sub> MOFs are assembled from carbon tetragon motifs and exist in both <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-isomer forms, with the NPR ranging from -0.17 to -0.90. Notably, <i>trans</i>-Cu<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(NCN)<sub>4</sub> exhibits a high NPR of -0.90, while <i>cis</i>-Cu<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(NCN)<sub>4</sub> achieves an NPR of -0.67. Both isomers demonstrate excellent flexibility, characterized by ultra-low Young's modulus and high fracture strengths. Furthermore, their direct band gaps, strong light-harvesting capabilities, and long excited-state lifetimes make them promising candidates for the photocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction in water. These results provide a viable strategy for the design and synthesis of novel optoelectronic multifunctional materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fine-tuning the molecular conformation and packing structures of coumarin-based luminogens to achieve distinct piezochromic properties upon mechanical grinding and under hydrostatic pressures.","authors":"Shijie Fu, Hao Jia, Xinmiao Meng, Chengyuan Wang, Qian Li, Lei Li, Jiaxiang Yang, Helin Niu","doi":"10.1039/d4mh01343c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4mh01343c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic luminogens (OLs) exhibiting piezochromic (PC) properties have drawn much attention owing to their great application potentials. Both mechanical grinding (MG) and hydrostatic pressures (HP) can induce PC behaviors of OLs, and it is highly desirable to combine the two strategies to study the PC properties of OLs for comprehensively exploring their application scopes and deeply understanding the intrinsic PC mechanisms. In this work, four coumarin derivatives with different substituents at 3- or 4-positions are designed and synthesized to investigate their PC properties by MG and under HP. By MG, two materials show PL shifts, and the PL of the other two molecules barely change. In contrast, under HP, these molecules all exhibit PL shifts, but with different pressure coefficients. In addition, they show different reversibility of PL change after releasing HP. The different molecular conformation and packing structure changing manners of the materials, indicated by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction patterns, and <i>in situ</i> PL lifetime analysis, are anticipated to induce distinct PC behaviors upon disparate force stimulus. Our study indicates that fine-tuning the functionalization position of coumarin derivatives is a powerful strategy to engineer their molecular conformation and packing structures, thus developing versatile pressure-responsive OLs.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A bioactive multifunctional dressing with simultaneous visible monitoring of pH values and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentrations for promoting diabetic wound healing.","authors":"Jimin Huang, Jinzhou Huang, XinXin Zhang, Qinyi Xie, Yi Zheng, Chaoqin Shu, Zhe Shi, Xiao Wang, Jiajie Chen, Bing Ma, Chengtie Wu, Yufang Zhu","doi":"10.1039/d4mh01142b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4mh01142b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound healing in diabetes is a complex physiological process with risks of ulceration and amputation. Real-time monitoring and treatment of diabetic wounds is an effective prevention of further deterioration. Herein, a multifunctional dressing is developed by encapsulating europium-containing bioactive glass (EuBG) and MoO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub> in a biocompatible sodium alginate (SA) dressing (MoO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>-EuBG-SA), aiming to simultaneously monitor the wound pH value and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) concentration, establish an anti-inflammatory microenvironment, and promote wound healing. The pH-responsive fluorescence quenching effect of EuBG contributes to visible monitoring of pH values, and MoO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub> enables high responsiveness and accurate colorimetric indication of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> variability to understand the dynamic wound status. Then, these fluorescent and colorimetric changes can be captured using a smartphone and transformed into signals for wound pH values and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentrations, enabling rapid and convenient real-time assessment of wound dynamics. Furthermore, the MoO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>-EuBG-SA dressing can reduce inflammation and promote the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of fibroblasts and endothelial cells <i>in vitro</i> with the help of the released bioactive Si, Ca, and Mo ions. Notably, the MoO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>-EuBG-SA dressing exhibits excellent abilities to monitor a wound microenvironment and immune regulation and promote diabetic wound healing <i>in vivo</i>. Overall, the multifunctional dressing has great potential for managing diabetic wounds and promoting wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ke Li, Yuliang Li, Qiuya Zhang, Honghao Li, Wentao Zou, Lu Li, Yan Li, Xiaofang Zhang, Dongliang Tian, Lei Jiang
{"title":"Electrically switched asymmetric interfaces for liquid manipulation.","authors":"Ke Li, Yuliang Li, Qiuya Zhang, Honghao Li, Wentao Zou, Lu Li, Yan Li, Xiaofang Zhang, Dongliang Tian, Lei Jiang","doi":"10.1039/d4mh01227e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4mh01227e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>External field driven fluid manipulation, in particular electric field, offers the advantages of real-time control and exceptional flexibility, rendering it highly promising for applications in microfluidic devices, liquid separation and energy catalysis. However, it is still challenging for controlled liquid transport and fine control of droplet splitting. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy to achieve direction-controlled liquid transport and fine droplet splitting on an anisotropic groove-microstructured electrode surface <i>via</i> an electrically switched asymmetric interface. The balance of asymmetric capillary force generated by microstructures and electro-capillary force is critical in determining directional liquid transport and fine droplet splitting. Asymmetric bubbles generated by liquid electrolysis form an asymmetric liquid-gas-solid interface and result in gradient liquid wetting behavior on the two neighboring electrode surfaces. The electric field further enhances the asymmetric wetting of a liquid droplet on the electrode surface, exhibiting electric field direction-dependent motion. Moreover, the groove-microstructured electrode surface can strengthen the liquid droplet anisotropic wetting and correspondingly refine the volume range of the splitting sub-droplet. Even unidirectional/bidirectional liquid droplet transport can be controlled in collaboration with the asymmetric groove-microstructure and electric field. Thus, this work provides a new route for liquid transport and droplet splitting, showing great potential in controllable separation, microreaction and microfluidic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"One-step fabrication of high energy storage polymer films with a wide bandgap and high melting temperature induced by the fluorine effect for high temperature capacitor applications with ultra-high efficiency.","authors":"Jie Xiong, Guanxiang Zhang, Shaobo Tan, Honghong Gong, Yunchuan Xie, Xiao Zhang, Zhicheng Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d4mh01225a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4mh01225a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of polymer dielectrics with both high energy density and low energy loss is a formidable challenge in the area of high-temperature dielectric energy storage. To address this challenge, a class of polymers (Parylene F) are designed by alternating fluorinated aromatic rings and vinyl groups in the polymer chain to confine the conjugating sequence and broaden the bandgap with the fluorine effect. The target films with desired thickness, ultra-high purity, and a wide bandgap are facilely fabricated by a one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique from monomers. The symmetric and bulky aromatic structures exhibit high crystalline performance and excellent stability at high temperature. The presence of strongly electronegative fluorine atoms effectively enhances bandgap and electron trapping capability, which effectively reduces the conduction loss as well as the possibility of breakdown at high temperatures. CVD technology avoids the post-processing film-forming process, ensuring the fabrication of thin films with high quality. These benefits allow Parylene F films to effectively store electrical energy at temperature up to 150 °C, exhibiting a record discharged energy density of 2.92 J cm<sup>-3</sup> at charge-discharge efficiency exceeding 90%. This work provides a new idea for the design and synthesis of all-organic polymer dielectric films for high temperature applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly sensitive strain sensors with ultra-low detection limit based on pre-defined serpentine cracks.","authors":"Qingshi Meng, Tengfei Chi, Shuang Guo, Milad Razbin, Shuying Wu, Shuai He, Sensen Han, Shuhua Peng","doi":"10.1039/d4mh01136h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4mh01136h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flexible and stretchable strain sensors have garnered significant interest due to their potential applications in various fields including human health monitoring and human-machine interfaces. Previous studies have shown that strain sensors based on microcracks can exhibit both high sensitivity and a wide sensing range by manipulating the opening and closing of randomly generated cracks within conductive thin films. However, the uncontrolled nature of microcrack formation can cause a drift in the sensor's performance over time, affecting its accuracy and reliability. In this study, by pre-defining the cracks, we introduce a novel resistive strain sensor with high sensitivity, excellent linearity, an ultra-low detection limit, and robustness against off-axis deformation. The sensor operates on a simple mechanism involving the modulation of ohmic contact within intricately designed conductive serpentine curves, which are encapsulated by pre-stretched thin films. This design facilitates a high gauge factor of 495, exceptional linearity (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.98), and an ultra-low detection threshold of 0.01% strain. Moreover, it maintains performance integrity during off-axis deformations such as bending and twisting, features that are indispensable for accurately monitoring human motion. To explore practical applications, a driving scenario was simulated where a sensor array was positioned on the driver's neck. The sensor output was analyzed using machine learning algorithms to successfully determine the presence of driver fatigue. This demonstration underlines the potential of our sensor technology in applications ranging from healthcare monitoring to wearable biomechanical systems and human-machine interfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qianqian Sun, Gang Wu, Xiaojian Tan, Qiang Zhang, Zhe Guo, Qiaoyan Pan, Guoqiang Liu, Peng Sun, Jiehua Wu, Jun Jiang
{"title":"High density lath twins lead to high thermoelectric conversion efficiency in Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> modules.","authors":"Qianqian Sun, Gang Wu, Xiaojian Tan, Qiang Zhang, Zhe Guo, Qiaoyan Pan, Guoqiang Liu, Peng Sun, Jiehua Wu, Jun Jiang","doi":"10.1039/d4mh00977k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4mh00977k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermoelectric (TE) generators based on bismuth telluride (Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>) are recognized as a credible solution for low-grade heat harvesting. In this study, an combinative doping strategy of both the donor (Ag) and the acceptor (Ga) in Ag<sub>9</sub>GaTe<sub>6</sub> as dopants is developed to modulate the microstructure and improve the <i>ZT</i> value of p-type Bi<sub>0.4</sub>Sb<sub>1.6</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>. Specifically, the distribution of Ag and Ga in the matrix synergistically introduces multiple phonon scattering centers including lath twins, triple junction boundaries, and Sb-rich nanoprecipitates, leading to an obviously suppressed lattice thermal conductivity of 0.50 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> at 300 K. At the same time, such unique microstructures of lath twins synergistically enhance the room-temperature power factor to 48.8 μW cm<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup> and improve the Vickers hardness to 0.90 GPa. Consequently, a high <i>ZT</i> of 1.40 at 350 K and <i>ZT</i><sub>ave</sub> of 1.24 (300-500 K) are achieved in the Bi<sub>0.4</sub>Sb<sub>1.6</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> + 0.03 wt% Ag<sub>9</sub>GaTe<sub>6</sub> sample. Based on that, a competitive conversion efficiency of 6.5% at Δ<i>T</i> = 200 K is obtained in the constructed 17-couple TE module, which exhibits no significant change in the output property after 30 thermal cycle tests benefiting from the stable microstructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on advanced photoresponsive azobenzene hydrogels with push-pull electronic effects: a breakthrough in photoswitchable adhesive technologies.","authors":"Yun-Ying Wang, Peng-Wen Chen, Yu-Hsin Chen, Mei-Yu Yeh","doi":"10.1039/d4mh01047g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4mh01047g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smart materials that adapt to various stimuli, such as light, hold immense potential across many fields. Photoresponsive molecules like azobenzenes, which undergo <i>E</i>-<i>Z</i> photoisomerization when exposed to light, are particularly valuable for applications in smart coatings, light-controlled adhesives, and photoresists in semiconductors and integrated circuits. Despite advances in using azobenzene moieties for stimuli-responsive adhesives, the role of push-pull electronic effects in regulating reversible adhesion remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate for the first time photo-controlled hydrogel adhesives of azobenzene with different push-pull electronic groups. We synthesized the monomers 4-methoxyazobenzene acrylate (ABOMe), azobenzene acrylate (ABH), and 4-nitroazobenzene acrylate (ABNO<sub>2</sub>), and examined their effects on reversible adhesion properties. By incorporating these azobenzene monomers into acrylamide, dialdehyde-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol), and [3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]-trimethylammonium chloride, we prepared ABOMe, ABH, and ABNO<sub>2</sub> ionic hydrogels. Our research findings demonstrate that only the ABOMe ionic hydrogel exhibits reversible adhesion. This is due to its distinct transition state mechanism compared to ABH and ABNO<sub>2</sub>, which enables efficient <i>E</i>-<i>Z</i> photoisomerization and drives its reversible adhesion properties. Notably, the ABOMe ionic hydrogel reveals an outstanding skin adhesion strength of 360.7 ± 10.1 kPa, surpassing values reported in current literature. This exceptional adhesion is attributed to Schiff base reactions, monopole-quadrupole interactions, π-π interactions, and hydrogen bonding with skin amino acids. Additionally, the ABOMe hydrogel exhibits excellent reversible self-healing capabilities, significantly enhancing its potential for injectable medical applications. This research underscores the importance of integrating multifunctional properties into a single system, opening new possibilities for innovative and durable adhesive materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic dual-layer passivation boosts efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells using naphthol sulfonate.","authors":"Hao Liu, Ning Jiang, Jintao Wang, Shuming Chen, Jian Zhang, Yu Duan","doi":"10.1039/d4mh01311e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4mh01311e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are critically influenced by the interfacial properties between the perovskite absorption layer and the electron transport layer (ETL). This study introduces a novel interfacial engineering approach using dipotassium 7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate (K-NDS) as a multifunctional passivator to enhance both the SnO<sub>2</sub> ETL and the perovskite absorber layer. The sulfonic acid groups (-SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) in K-NDS effectively fill oxygen vacancies on the SnO<sub>2</sub> surface, while the hydroxyl groups (-OH) passivate dangling bonds, improving the crystallinity of the perovskite film. Additionally, the diffusion of K<sup>+</sup> from the SnO<sub>2</sub> ETL into the perovskite layer optimizes energy level alignment, thereby enhancing charge carrier extraction and transport. This bifacial passivation strategy has significantly improved both the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability of PSCs. The modified devices achieved a champion PCE of 23.00% and an open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i><sub>OC</sub>) of 1.172 V. Furthermore, these devices maintained 75% of their initial PCE even after 1000 hours of storage under indoor environmental conditions. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of synergistic interfacial passivation in advancing the performance and durability of PSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}