北京大学学报（医学版）最新文献

{"title":"[A population-based survey of myopia on primary school students in an administrative district, 2019 to 2024].","authors":"Mingjia Yang, Jiangxue Wu, Jing Wang, Yang Liu, Zhongmin Li, Jingjing Li, Hongtian Li, Yubo Zhou, Jianmeng Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the myopia prevalence and spherical equivalent among primary school students in a district of Anhui Province in 2019, to analyze their changes in 2020 and 2024, to obtain baseline data, and to explore the potential impact of changes in screen time on vision, providing scientific evidence for myopia prevention and control strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included all the primary school students who underwent vision screening in 2019 (baseline period), 2020 (period of increased screen time), and 2024 (period of slightly resumed screen time). Data on grade, gender, uncorrected distance visual acuity, and refraction were extracted from the screening database. Noncycloplegic refraction was assessed using an FKR-710 autorefractor to measure sphere and cylinder, and uncorrected distance visual acuity was assessed using an K238-AZ LCD visual acuity chart. The spherical equivalent was calculated as sphere + 0.5 × cylinder. Myopia was defined as uncorrected distance visual acuity < 5.0 in either eye with a corresponding spherical equivalent ≤ -0.50 D. Myopia prevalence and spherical equivalent were described using percentage and mean with 95%confidence interval (<i>CI</i>). The Chi-square test and One-way analysis of variance were used to compare myopia prevalence and spherical equivalent across different years, followed by stratified analysis by grade.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 183 204 students were screened: 45 294 in 2019, 52 922 in 2020, and 84 988 in 2024. In 2019, the myopia prevalence was 30.8%(95%<i>CI</i>: 30.4%, 31.2%), higher in girls (33.7%) than in boys (28.4%) and increased with grade (<i>P</i> < 0.001), rising from 11.0%in Grade 1 to 35.7%in Grades 2-6. Compared with 2019, the myopia prevalence in 2020 increased by 4.3 (3.7, 4.9) percentage points to 35.1%(<i>P</i> < 0.001). By 2024, it further increased by 6.7 (6.2, 7.2) percentage points from the 2020 level to 41.8%(<i>P</i> < 0.001). In grade-stratified analyses, compared with 2019, Grade 1 students showed the largest increase in 2020; compared with 2020, Grade 1 students showed the smallest subsequent increase in 2024. Quantitative analysis of spherical equivalent showed that the mean spherical equivalent in 2020 was -0.72 D, representing a myopia shift of -0.21 D (-0.23 D, -0.19 D) compared with the 2019 level (<i>P</i> < 0.001); by 2024, the mean spherical equivalent was -0.68 D, indicating a hyperopic shift of 0.04 D (0.02 D, 0.06 D) compared with the 2020 level (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Further grade-stratified analyses indicated that the mean spherical equivalent for Grade 1 students in 2024 (0.08 D) had nearly returned to the 2019 level (0.09 D).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The myopia prevalence among primary school students in the study area was 30.8%in 2019, higher than the global level and approximately twice that of the United States and four times that of Germany, indicating that","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"58 3","pages":"513-519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13268804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Relationship between family trauma, school bullying and suicidal behavior in adolescents: Regulatory effect of <i>DRD2</i> gene polymorphism].","authors":"Hongjuan Bai, Yang Chen, Kun Wang, Xuebing Xu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the relationship between family trauma, school bullying and adolescent suicidal behavior, and the regulatory role of <i>DRD2</i> gene polymorphism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 98 adolescent patients with depressive disorders who visited our hospital from June 2022 to June 2024 were selected. They were divided into the non-suicide group (<i>n</i>=62) and the suicide group (<i>n</i>=36) based on their suicide behavior in the previous 6 months and their attitudes towards suicide behavior. The general data of the two groups were compared. The relationship between each genotype and suicide behavior, the influencing factors of suicide behavior, the interaction between family trauma and school bullying on suicide behavior, and the regulatory effects of depression and genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. The possible regulatory effects of depression and genetic polymorphisms were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the non-suicide group, the duration of illness, non-suicidal self-harm behavior, family trauma, school bullying, anxiety, depression scores in the suicide group increased, while the life meaning score decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The genotype <i>A2A2</i> was associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior compared to genotype <i>A1A1</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In the recessive model, the genotype <i>A2A2</i> was associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior compared to genotype <i>A1A1</i> and <i>A1A2</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.05); in the additive model, there were significant associations between the genotypes <i>A1A1</i>, <i>A1A2</i>, <i>A2A2</i> and suicidal behavior (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Non-suicidal self-harm behavior, family trauma, school bullying, depression, and the <i>A2A2</i> genotype were independent risk factors for suicidal behavior, while life meaning was an independent protective factor. Family trauma > 54.78 points and school bullying > 10.37 points had a multiplicative (<i>OR</i>=6.585, 95%<i>CI</i>: 5.478-7.367) and additive (<i>OR</i>=7.849, 95%<i>CI</i>: 7.231-8.294) interaction effect on adolescent suicidal behavior. Depression exerted a regulatory effect between family trauma (<i>β</i>=0.092, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.084-0.103), school bullying (<i>β</i>=0.090, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.081-0.098) and suicidal behavior. In the additive genetic model, the <i>TaqⅠA</i> gene had a significant regulatory effect on \"family trauma, school bullying → depression → suicidal behavior\" in adolescents with the <i>A1A2</i>/ <i>A2A2</i> genotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The risk of suicidal behavior is higher in adolescents with both family trauma and school bullying, and depression plays a part of the mediating effect. The <i>TaqⅠA</i> polymorphism of <i>DRD2</i> gene has a significant regulatory effect on adolescents carrying A2 allele.</p>","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"58 3","pages":"606-615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13268806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Health education preferences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on Big Five personality traits].","authors":"Siyan Yuan, Hewei Min, Ping Chen, Yibo Wu, Hongxia Cui, Xuxi Zhang, Xinying Sun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To explore differences in the Big Five personality traits among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to demographic characteristics and health education preferences and to provide evidence for personalized health education strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In September 2023, a cluster sampling method was used to recruit patients with T2DM from seven community health service centers in Shandong Province, China. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey. The 10-item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10) and a self-developed health education preference questionnaire were used for the assessment. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify personality classifications among the patients. Chi-square tests were applied to compare differences in health education preferences across personality groups, and stratified binary Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between personality classification and health education preferences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 612 patients were included and categorized into three personality groups: Regular-balanced type (69.8%), introverted-sensitive type (6.4%), and proactive-adaptive type (23.8%). In the univariate analysis, the proportion of patients in the proactive-adaptive group who preferred peer patients as health education providers was significantly lower than that in other personality groups (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=6.123, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.047). In contrast, patients in the introverted-sensitive group showed a significantly higher preference for health education content that included psychological support than other personality groups (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=8.566, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.014). In the Logistic regression analysis, using the regular-balanced type as the reference group, proactive-adaptive patients were less likely to prefer peer patients with diabetes as health education providers (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=0.491, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.279-0.866, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.014). Regarding health education content, proactive-adaptive patients demonstrated a lower preference for research-frontier information (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=0.565, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.376-0.848, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.006). In terms of educational delivery settings, introverted-sensitive patients were less likely to prefer mobile applications as a means of receiving health education (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=0.374, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.165-0.848, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.019). When the proactive-adaptive type as the reference group, introverted-sensitive patients showed a significantly higher preference for psychological support content (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=2.122, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 1.029-4.380, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.042).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Personality traits exhibit substantial heterogeneity among patients with T2DM, and different personality classifications are associated with distinct health education preferences. Personality traits may serve as an important reference for developing individualized health education strategies; however, their","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"58 3","pages":"600-605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13268816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bone marrow infiltration of large B-cell lymphoma with clinical manifestations similar to systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report].","authors":"Doudou Ma, Xiaocai Ma, Tianjing Chang, Lifang Wang, Yan Ding, Lianjie Shi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lymphoma are two different diseases. However, they might mimic each other sometimes. Here, we reported a case of bone marrow infiltration as initial manifestation of large B-cell lymphoma that mimiced SLE. The patient was an elderly female whose chief complaints were edema and bilateral lower limb fatigue for one month. Initially, she was prescribed thyroid hormone supplementation and albumin infusion for hypothyroidism and hypoproteinemia, respectively. The edema was improved, but fatigue worsened and the patient was bedridden. Then further examinations revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), abnormal coagulation function, positive urinary protein, reduced complement C3 and C4, and positive antinuclear antibodies. Based on the above manifestations and laboratory findings, the diagnosis of SLE was considered. After administering 40 mg/d of methylprednisolone, the patient' s edema, platelet count and LDH levels were improved, whereas her fatigue worsened to the point where she had difficulty turning in bed. When the dose of glucocorticoid tapered to 40 mg/d of prednisone, the LDH levels elevated and platelet counts decreased. The treatment response was inconsistent with SLE. In order to clarify and confirm the diagnosis, bone marrow puncture was performed and showed large B-cell lymphoma with bone marrow infiltration of 27.5% tumor cells. Enlargement of superficial lymph node or visceral organ is common clinical manifestation of lymphoma. However, our present case was bone marrow infiltration lonely without enlargement of lymph node and organ, and it is referred to as bone marrow lymphoma (BML). BML can be classified into primary bone marrow lymphoma (PBML) and secondary bone marrow lymphoma (SBML). PBML is a rare and primary tumor in the bone marrow without involvement of lymph nodes, liver, spleen and any other organs. It is easy to be misdiagnosed or missed diagnosis due to the absence of specific clinical presentation. Bone marrow examination is required and important to make the diagnosis of PBML. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common type of PBML. SBML is caused by lymphoma in other parts of the body and invasion of bone tissue. Most of BML patients have a poor prognosis and require rapid diagnosis and treatment. The patient we reported only took two months from onset of symptoms to death. This case indicated that it was crucial to revisit the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies when treatment response was not consistent with the diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"58 3","pages":"666-669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13268848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Policy logic and multiple challenges of meal assistance services for older adults under the goal of healthy aging].","authors":"Wei Pan, Liangxia Chen, Xiaofei Zhang, Haoyu Zhang, Hewei Min, Xiaoyan Lei, Xinying Sun, Xuxi Zhang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To provide empirical evidence for optimizing meal assistance policies and strengthening their role in supporting the health of older adults, this study took Shandong Province as a case to examine the policy logic and practical challenges of meal assistance services for older adults.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A combination of policy tool text analysis and qualitative interviews was employed. For the policy tool analysis, 59 policy documents related to meal assistance for older adults at the central and Shandong provincial levels from 2013 to 2024 were selected and categorized using a three-part framework, with policy provisions coded and analyzed as units. Qualitative interviews were conducted in two rounds, from August to October 2023 and again in January 2026, across eight urban and rural sample sites within Shandong' s three major economic circles, involving 17 providers of meal assistance services for older adults; the interview data were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. Finally, the two sets of data, including policy tools and implementation themes, were integrated through a comparative approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The development of meal assistance policies for older adults in Shandong Province can be broadly divided into three stages: The initial stage, the growth stage, and the deepening stage. Overall, policy tools exhibited a balanced emphasis on supply-oriented and environment-oriented instruments, while demand-oriented instruments remained relatively insufficient. Interview findings indicated that urban areas had primarily adopted a \"government subsidy + market operation\" model, while rural areas mainly relied on happiness homes, village collective resources, and public welfare positions to deliver meal assistance services. However, both urban and rural areas faced common challenges, including a mismatch between financial subsidies and operational costs, a shortage of professional staff, weak motivation for social participation, insufficient expression of demand and sustained spending by older adults, and limited implementation capacity at the grassroots level. Meanwhile, some meal assistance sites showed early signs of health-oriented meal assistance practices, such as adjusting menus according to older adults 'dietary preferences, chewing ability, and chronic disease conditions, reducing oil and salt in meal preparation, and exploring meal delivery and health education activities. Nevertheless, these efforts remained largely experience-based and fragmented, and had not yet developed into a standardised model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Meal assistance services for older adults are not only a livelihood initiative to ensure access to warm meals for older adults, but also a crucial entry point for promoting balanced diets, maintaining functional capacity, and achieving healthy aging. Future efforts should focus on refining a tiered and categorized subsidy mechanism, o","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"58 3","pages":"560-566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13268811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of bilateral vaccine cooperation priority countries on Chinese human papillomavirus vaccine using hierarchical K-means hybrid clustering].","authors":"Yinge Wu, Yangmu Huang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate priority target countries and formulate context-specific cooperation modalities for China ' s bilateral international collaboration on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, thereby furnishing an evidence-based reference for optimizing China ' s bilateral vaccine cooperation stra-tegies and contributing to global health equity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a previously established index system designed for selecting preferred countries in China ' s international vaccine cooperation, we comprehensively applied a weighted-scoring approach to quantitatively rank 29 Phases 3 and 4 Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (Gavi) eligible countries in HPV vaccine cooperation. Based on 5 first-level index (legal and regulatory factors, economic factors, political factors, social factors, and technological factors) scores, a hierarchical K-means hybrid method was used for clustering the countries. Hierarchical clustering was initially utilized to explore the underlying data structure and determine the optimal number of clusters, followed by K-means clustering to precisely categorize the evaluated nations based on their multidimensional characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The top10 countries were mostly Asian countries. African countries were mostly in the lower ranks. The countries were clustered into three types: (1) Technology transfer priority (<i>n</i>=3: Indonesia, Viet Nam, Uzbekistan), characterized by above-average economic, techno-scientific and political scores, robust vaccine-import volumes, non-negligible domestic manufacturing capacity and high political stability-recommended for priority collaboration; (2) Basic assistance (<i>n</i>=25), approximating mean indicator values, typically low-population or low-income economies suitable for aid-based or concessional-procurement models; (3) High barrier (<i>n</i>=1: India), exhibiting high socio-demographic and scientific base yet minimal legal-regulatory scores, indicating large demand, established vaccine industry, but formidable registration barriers. Policy recommendations included: concessional product export plus clinical-trial cooperation with Indonesia, with prospective licensing and technology transfer; clinical-trial collaboration with Viet Nam; and licensing/technology-transfer schemes with Uzbekistan.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Indonesia, Viet Nam, and Uzbekistan are identified as the priority target countries for China ' s bilateral international cooperation on HPV vaccines. For these technology-transfer priority nations, cooperation should be strategically conducted through diverse modalities encompassing vaccine product export, clinical trial collaboration, authorized licensing, and technology transfer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"58 3","pages":"446-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13268818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prognostic analysis of anticoagulation therapy in elderly patients with cardioembolic stroke].","authors":"Qingwei Meng, Meng Fan, Huangda Guo, Hanyu Zhang, Mengying Wang, Siyue Wang, Hexiang Peng, Xueheng Wang, Tianjiao Hou, Xueying Qin, Dafang Chen, Jing Li, Yiqun Wu, Tao Wu, Hongbo Chen, Yonghua Hu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically evaluate the association between anticoagulant therapy and long-term outcomes (all-cause mortality, stroke recurrence, and hemorrhage events) in elderly patients with cardiogenic stroke, thereby providing evidence for clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study design was adopted. A total of 567 elderly patients with cardiogenic stroke from Liang-xiang Hospital in Fangshan District, Beijing, were followed up for 4 years. The primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, stroke recurrence, and hemorrhage events (including intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, urinary system bleeding, gingival bleeding, and skin and mucosal hemorrhage). Multivariable Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between anticoagulant therapy and each outcome. All statistical analyses were performed using R software (version 4.2.2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 567 elderly patients were included in this study, with a mean age of (73.92±9.70) years and 49.74% being male. Among them, 142 patients (25.04%) received anticoagulant therapy. During the follow-up period, 266 deaths occurred (crude mortality rate: 46.91%), 107 patients had stroke recurrence (cumulative recurrence incidence: 18.87%), and 28 patients experienced bleeding events (cumulative hemorrhage incidence: 4.94%). Multivariable Logistic regression showed that elderly patients with cardiogenic stroke who received anticoagulant therapy had a significantly lower risk of death (<i>OR</i>=0.22, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.12, 0.41, <i>P</i> < 0.001). No significant association was found between anticoagulant therapy and the risk of stroke recurrence or hemorrhage (<i>P</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anticoagulant therapy is beneficial in reducing the risk of all-cause mortality in elderly patients with cardiogenic stroke, and no evidence was found that anticoagulant therapy increases the risk of stroke recurrence or hemorrhage. The study supports considering anticoagulant therapy to improve long-term survival in elderly patients with cardiogenic stroke, and larger prospective studies are still needed to further validate the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"58 3","pages":"536-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13268822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2022].","authors":"Lili Lu, Jiaxing Li, Tianyu Huang, Ruolan Yang, Yunfei Liu, Jiajia Dang, Shan Cai, Ziyue Sun, Meizhu Liu, Yang Yang, Kaiheng Zhu, Yi Song","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the distribution characteristics of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2020, and to comprehensively analyze its influencing factors at both school and individual levels, thereby providing scientific evidence for developing targeted myopia prevention and control strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A multistage stratified random cluster sampling method was employed to conduct vision examinations and questionnaire surveys among students from fourth grade to senior high school in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, collecting information on students' visual habits, school and family environmental factors. A multilevel regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing myopia detection rates at both school and individual levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 130 601 students were included, with a myopia prevalence rate of 68.42%. The prevalence was higher among females (72.75%) than males (64.13%), in urban areas (73.63%) than in suburban counties (66.38%), and overall rates increased with educational level (trend test &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=4 545.53, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Multilevel analysis revealed that at the individual level, female gender (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=1.553), higher grade level (junior high &lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=2.049, senior high &lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=3.061), homework duration ≥1 h after school (≥1 h &lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=1.050, ≥2 h &lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=1.079), poor close-up vision habits (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=1.059), prolonged close-up vision activities (0.5 h &lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=1.070, ≥1 h &lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=1.061), infrequent desk/chair height adjustments based on height (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=1.006), and parental myopia (one parent &lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=1.822, both parents &lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=2.412) were risk factors for myopia; while ethnic minority status (Mongolian &lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=0.956, other ethnicities &lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=0.929), daily outdoor activity exceeding 2 hours (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=0.986), performing eye exercises (1 session &lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=0.891, ≥2 sessions &lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=0.920), and adequate sleep (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=0.925) served as protective factors. At the school level, qualified blackboard reflectance ratio (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=0.874) and qualified blackboard surface illuminance uniformity (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=0.973) were associated with reduced myopia risk among students. The model indicated that the included variables collectively explained approximately 31.04% of the variance at the school level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region remains high, with influencing factors distributed across multiple levels including individual and school contexts. Comprehensive prevention strategies are recommended, focusing on female students, older grades, and those with genetic predispositions while intensifying interventions on modifiable factors like outdoor activities and visual habits. Improving classroom lighting environments is also crucial to reduce students' myopia risk.&lt;","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"58 3","pages":"520-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13268808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact of effective health information acquisition on hemophilia-related health literacy among caregivers of underage hemophilia patients].","authors":"Rui Yuan, Hanxing Lin, Qingbo Xu, Xinran Liu, Danni Shi, Chun Chang, Junyang Cao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To examine the impact of effective health information acquisition on hemophilia-related health literacy among adult caregivers of children and adolescents with hemophilia in China, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for improving adult caregivers' hemophilia-related health literacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data were derived from the 2024 nationwide multicenter cross-sectional survey, \"Health Literacy Survey of Hemophilia Patients in China\". A total of 856 adult caregivers of children and adolescents with hemophilia were recruited through convenience sampling. To explore the differences in hemophilia-related health literacy and effective health information acquisition levels among caregivers across different demographic characteristics, univariate ANOVA and independent-samples &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; test were adopted for statistical analysis. The bootstrap method was employed to test the mediating role of effective health information acquisition in the relationship between hemophilia-related health literacy and its influencing factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The overall level of hemophilia-related health literacy among caregivers of minor patients with hemophilia was relatively low, with an average score of 11.87±2.92. Only 20.68% of the caregivers for underage patients with hemophilia had acquired hemophilia-related health literacy. Univariate ANOVA analysis indicated that marital status, educational attainment, annual household income, registered residence location, and employment status significantly influenced adult caregivers ' hemophilia-related health literacy (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The utilization rate of various health information channels by caregivers of underage hemophilia patients exceeded 70%. Over 95% of the caregivers reported obtaining hemophilia-related health information from medical staff and hemophilia patient organizations. While, the caregivers demonstrated relatively low overall effective health information acquisition (34.43±16.50). The level of effective health information acquisition was related to educational attainment, place of household registration and employment status. Caregivers with higher educational attainment, urban household registration and full-time employment had a higher level of effective health information acquisition, and the differences were statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The mediation analysis showed that the level of effective health information acquisition was positively correlated with hemophilia health literacy (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01), and effective health information acquisition played a partial mediating role between \"education attainment\" and \"hemophilia health literacy\", \"employment status\" and \"hemophilia health literacy\", and \"place of household registration\" and \"hemophilia health literacy\" (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Higher educational attainment and favorable employment status not only directly improved health literacy, but also indirectly enhance","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"58 3","pages":"584-591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13268812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association between periconception maternal cold and heat exposure and the risk of congenital heart disease in offspring in China].","authors":"Huiying Xu, Xinghou He, Wei Huang, Bin Zhang, Mengyao Li, Jiahui Liu, Yan Fang, Erlu Zhao, Xiangrui Wei, Xu Ma, Ying Yang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the associations between maternal exposure to cold and heat exposure during the three months before pregnancy and early pregnancy and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring, and to identify critical exposure windows and modifying factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This nationwide cohort study included women aged 20-49 years with complete pregnancy outcome follow-up from the National Free Pre-pregnancy Check-ups Project (NFPCP) database between January 1, 2014 and April 21, 2020. Meteorological data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) dataset were linked to residential addresses. Cold and heat exposure were defined based on relative thresholds stratified by climate zone: heat and cold were defined as temperatures above the 90th percentile or below the 10th percentile, respectively, of the location-specific temperature distribution during each exposure window. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the associations between cold and heat exposure during the three months before pregnancy and early pregnancy and the risk of CHD, and to calculate hazard ratios (&lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;) and 95% confidence intervals (&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;) after adjusting for maternal age, body mass index (BMI), education level, geographical region, conception season, and relative humidity. Stratified analyses were performed to examine the effects of age, BMI, and fetal sex on the associations between cold and heat exposure and the risk of CHD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 6 322 635 women aged 20-49 years with complete pregnancy outcome follow-up were included, and 1 478 cases of CHD were diagnosed among their offspring. The analysis showed that heat exposure during the three months before pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD in offspring (&lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;=1.49, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 1.23-1.80); while no significant association was found for heat exposure during early pregnancy. No significant association was observed for cold exposure during the three months before pregnancy and early pregnancy (three months before pregnancy: &lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;=0.93, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.77-1.14; early pregnancy: &lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;=0.95, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.79-1.16). Stratified analyses showed that the risk of CHD associated with heat exposure during the three months before pregnancy was increased in women aged ≥30 years (&lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;=2.18, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 1.54-3.10) and in male fetuses (&lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;=1.73, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 1.31-2.29); the risk of CHD associated with heat exposure during early pregnancy was significantly increased in women with BMI ≥24 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;=1.86, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 1.21-2.87).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Heat exposure during the three months before pregnancy might increase the risk of congenital heart disease in offspring, and this risk was elevated in both women aged ≥30 years and male fetuses. Furthermore, heat exposure during early pregnancy signific","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"58 3","pages":"503-512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13268809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}