The open epidemiology journal最新文献

{"title":"Public Awareness of the Benefits of Aspirin Use in the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction","authors":"G. Grunau, P. Ratner, P. Galdas, Shahadut Hossain","doi":"10.2174/1874297100902010063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100902010063","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aspirin is known to be an effective agent in the tertiary prevention of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The current recommendation is that aspirin should be given immediately during an AMI and continued afterward. Despite the recognized benefits of aspirin therapy, only a small portion of individuals take aspirin when experiencing acute chest pain. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of the public that knew that aspirin administration during an AMI is beneficial and to examine factors associated with such knowledge. Methods: A telephone survey was completed by 976 people 40+ years of age, in Metro Vancouver, Canada. Results: Only 33.7% of the sample indicated that they were 'very likely' or 'definitely likely' to take an aspirin if they were experiencing symptoms of a \"heart attack.\" In multivariate analysis, older individuals, better educated individuals, and those with AMI experience in self, family member or friend, were more likely to report that they would take an aspirin. Chinese immigrants, compared with Canadian-born participants, were less likely to indicate that they would take an aspirin. Conclusions: Interventions for increasing awareness of the benefits of aspirin during an AMI should be made a priority in general, and with a particular focus on the Chinese-Canadian community. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of the public, in a large Canadian urban center, that knew that aspirin administration was recommended at the onset of symptoms suggestive of AMI. We also examined factors associated with such knowledge and whether individuals who had a history of AMI were more aware of the benefits of aspirin administration during AMI. This study was part of a larger investigation of socio- demographic, clinical, cognitive, psychological, and social factors associated with treatment seeking for cardiac symptoms. METHODS Sample, Data Collection, and Questionnaire This study used data collected from a telephone survey which was conducted as part of a larger study which is","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68062704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Conventional Risk Factors Explain Excess Coronary Artery Disease Risk in South Asians: Dyslipidemias and Dysfunctional High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)","authors":"S. Dodani","doi":"10.2174/1874297100902010055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100902010055","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several years, the overall prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in general and coronary artery diseases (CAD) in particular have declined in the United States (US). However, among South Asian in general and South Asian immigrants in particular, a disturbing trend toward high rates of CAD has been noted. This trend is associated with a high prevalence of conventional risk factors and metabolic syndrome in this population, yet these conventional risk factors may not account for the greater CAD risk among SAIs. A search for additional markers is war- ranted, to enable early detection and prevention of CAD in this high risk group. High density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the predictor of CAD and is considered to be cardio-protective. However, some of the recent studies have shown that HDL is not only ineffective as an antioxidant but, paradoxically, appears to be pro-oxidant, and has been found to be asso- ciated with CAD. Such HDL is called dysfunctional HDL. More research is required in South Asians to explore associa- tions with CAD and to enhance early detection and prevention of CAD in this high risk group. We present here an over- view on risk factors of CAD in general and dyslipidemias in particular in South Asians. In addition, concepts on dysfunc- tional HDL and its impact on CAD are also presented. At the end, recommendations are made to improve and prevent CAD morbidity and mortality in the South Asian communities. The high rates of CAD among South Asian immigrants are not limited to the United States and appear to be part of a global phenomenon (10). Further, CAD risk factors are pre- sent in South Asians at a younger age compared to other populations, resulting in CAD at a younger age than in other populations (3). The reasons for early development of CAD risk factors at a relatively young age in South Asian immi- grants are still unclear.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68062688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Population Based Study Examining Language as a Predictor of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Overweight and Obese Hispanic Adults in the United States","authors":"W. Pearson, S. Dube, L. Seeff, E. Ford, A. Mokdad, Michael F Dulin","doi":"10.2174/1874297100902010044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100902010044","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top two leading causes of cancer deaths in Hispanic/Latino adults living in the U.S., and CRC risk increases in people who are overweight. As the U.S. Hispanic population increases along with a growing prevalence of overweight and obesity, studies are needed to determine if overweight Hispanic adults suffer from disparities in their rates of CRC screening. Our study was able to examine the correlation between a preference for using the Spanish language and rates of screening for CRC using national survey data. Design: 4,730 Hispanic participants, > 50 years, with a BMI > 25 kg/m 2 from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were stratified by survey language choice (English, n = 3,499; or Spanish, n = 1,231). Using adjusted logistic regression models, differences in receiving the recommended Fecal Occult Blood Test (F.O.B.T.) and/or either a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy were determined by language preference groups. Results: Men who chose surveys in Spanish were significantly less likely to have received F.O.B.T. (0.29 O.R.; 0.13-0.64 95% C.I.), sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy (0.49 O.R.; 0.28-0.84 95% C.I.) or either test (0.46 O.R.; 0.27-0.79 95% C.I.) within the recommended time frames, compared to men choosing English. No significant differences were found among women. Conclusions: Findings suggest that men with an elevated BMI who choose Spanish to complete a survey are less likely to receive the recommended CRC screening. Public health programs designed to improve access to CRC screening need to target this population in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to colorectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"84 1","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban/Rural Differences in Hospital Admissions with Multiple Sclerosis in Selected Counties in Ohio 1999-2004","authors":"S. Khuder, Melissa Foos, N. Herial, A. Mutgi, B. Khuder, R. Jung","doi":"10.2174/1874297100902010051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100902010051","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Regional differences in the prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have been reported with higher rates in rural areas. Purpose: Using hospital admission data from eight counties in Ohio (1999 to 2004), we described the pattern of admissions for MS patients and examined the rural/urban differences. Methods: Adjusted admission rate ratios (ARR) for rural regions were calculated using Poisson regression models. Findings: The estimated admission rate was 70 per 100,000 in 1999 and increased to 90 per 100,000 in 2004 (p<0.0001). A significant association between degree of urbanization and MS admission rates was found with higher rate in rural area (ARR=1.23, 95% CI 1.17-1.35) and in female (ARR=2.45, 95% CI 2.37-2.54). Conclusions: Admission rate for MS is increasing and rural residence is associated with higher hospitalization rate.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"51-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68062611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of Stroke Warning Symptoms is Associated with an Adverse Cardiovascular Risk Profile","authors":"A. Fan, D. Hayes, H. Kahn, K. Greenlund, J. Croft","doi":"10.2174/1874297100902010039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100902010039","url":null,"abstract":"Population-based studies may provide convincing evidence on whether persons experiencing stroke warning symptoms manifest an adverse cardiovascular risk profile regardless of a history of stroke. Data were analyzed for 9728 US adults aged � 40 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey1988-1994. Stroke warning symptoms were defined as experiencing one or more of the following for more than 5 minutes: sudden onset of weakness or paralysis of face, arm, or leg; numbness on one side of the face or body; loss of vision in one or both eyes; severe dizziness; or problem with ability to speak or understand. In an analysis excluding those with a history of diagnosed stroke, compared with those who had never experienced stroke symptoms, persons who had experienced symptoms manifested significantly (P<0.05) greater prevalence of diabetes, other cardiovascular diseases, and had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, serum triglycerides, ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen and significantly lower HDL cholesterol after adjustment for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Persons who experienced stroke warning symptoms during their lifetime manifested more adverse cardiovascular profiles even though they may not have had a diagnosed stroke. Further risk assessment is recommended for these persons and actions are needed to improve their cardiovascular health.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Likely Effect of the Introduction of Drug Eluting Stents on Requirements for Coronary Artery Revascularisation Procedures in Western Australia: A Use of the CHD/CARP Markov Simulation Model","authors":"H. Mannan, M. Knuiman","doi":"10.2174/1874297100902010034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100902010034","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronary artery revascularisation procedures (CARPs) include coronary artery bypass graft procedures (CABGs) and the less invasive percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) and they are common surgical interventions for coronary heart disease (CHD). The effectiveness of PCIs increased when stents were introduced and there was also a shift towards doing more PCIs and less CABGs, especially in older patients. More recently, PCIs have been further improved by the use of drug-eluting-stents (DES). In this study we used a recently developed CHD/CARP Markov model to explore the likely effect on CARP requirements due to the introduction of DES. \u0000 \u0000Methods: This is achieved by considering the population of Western Australia aged 35 to 79 years at the beginning of 2001 (grouped according to history of CHD and CARPs) as the cohort, calculating the mean population risks for CHD/CARP events over three years 1998 to 2000, and using these population risks and certain modifications of them that incorporate the likely effect of the introduction of DES (in 2002) in the CHD/CARP Markov model to explore difference in total requirements for CABGs and PCIs over the period 2001 to 2010. The anticipated likely effect of DES on probabilities of CARP procedures was based on results of meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing DES stents to ordinary stents and an anticipated further reduction in CABGs and increase in PCIs as was observed when (ordinary) stents were introduced. \u0000 \u0000Results: The simulation results suggest that, over the period 2001 to 2010, the total number of CABGs will decline by up to 19% and the total number of PCIs will increase by up to 6%. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The introduction of DES will have greater effect on the requirement of CABGs as compared to that on PCIs.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Feeding Pattern may be Associated with Persistent Low Back Pain and Pelvic Pain Half a Year Postpartum","authors":"I. Mogren","doi":"10.2174/1874297100902010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100902010026","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the history of oral and current contraception use, age at menarche, smoking, and breast feeding in relation to remission or persistence of low back pain and pelvic pain (LBPP) six months after delivery. Materials and Methodology: This study was a follow-up study of 639 women who reported LBPP during pregnancy. The respondents were divided into three groups: 'no pain', 'recurrent pain', and 'continuous pain'. Results: In total 96% had breast fed to some degree after delivery. Current full-time breast feeding was associated with an increased risk (OR=2.8) of continuous pain (LBPP) six months after delivery. Women with continuous pain had also a significantly longer total period of breast feeding in relation to women with remission of pain (p=0.035). Conclusion: Full-time breast feeding and longer period of breast feeding were positively associated with persistent low back and pelvic pain six months after delivery.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Risk for Prostate Cancer","authors":"Jun Li, R. Bostick, K. Ward","doi":"10.2174/1874297100902010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100902010014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several studies suggested that cadmium and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) may increase risk for prostate cancer. However, these associations are not well established. The aim of this study was to investigate as- sociations among cadmium, STDs, and risk for prostate cancer. Methods: A community-based case-control study of 113 newly diagnosed, incident cases and 258 age and race frequency- matched community controls was conducted in the Piedmont Triad area of North Carolina. All participants completed a medical/lifestyle/dietary questionnaire, underwent anthropometrics, and provided urine samples. Urinary cadmium was used as a biomarker of lifetime cadmium body burden. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression was used to assess associations among cadmium exposure, history of STDs, and risk for incident prostate cancer. Results: Neither cadmium nor STD exposures alone were statistically significantly associated with risk for prostate cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49-1.69; and OR=1.32; 95% CI: 0.49-3.52, respectively). How- ever, men with high urinary cadmium who also had a history of a STD had significantly increased risk for prostate cancer (OR=9.75; 95% CI: 1.28, 74.05), an association that was stronger for advanced tumors.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Factors Associated with Smoking and Inappropriate WeightGain During Pregnancy","authors":"Richard May","doi":"10.2174/1874297100902010020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100902010020","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to identify maternal characteristics associated with smoking during pregnancy and in- appropriate gestational weight gain. Data were collected retrospectively from records of 252 women enrolled in the Sioux- land WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) program in Sioux City, Iowa. Twenty-three percent of women reported smok- ing during pregnancy. Forty-four percent of women gained more weight than recommended during pregnancy and 21 per- cent gained less than recommended. Maternal demographic characteristics were tested as predictors of inappropriate gestational weight gain and smoking us- ing logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratios indicated that smoking was predicted by lower income, being unmar- ried, white (non-Hispanic) ethnicity, and living with another smoker. Excess pregnancy weight gain was predicted by white ethnicity, primigravid status, and being overweight (but not obese) before pregnancy. Risk of smoking and excess weight gain was highest among women with multiple identified risk factors. Smoking and excess gestational weight gain are both common in this low-income population but have different patterns of demographic risk.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Parameters Correlate with the Sense of Knowledge During the Early Phase of a Bird Flu Outbreak in Israel","authors":"Galit Shohat, Rami Peltz, Y. Bar-dayan","doi":"10.2174/1874297100902010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100902010008","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: On March 2006, 298,000 cases of birds infected with bird flu were destroyed in nine rural settle- ments in Israel, out of a total of 1.2 million birds that were destroyed within these settlements and in a radius of 3 km. The population was instructed to take precautionary measures to prevent a disease outbreak. The sense of knowledge of the population concerning the disease correlated with compliance with authorities' instructions. Objectives: To analyze the relationships between the sources of information, and public emotions and interest in avian in- fluenza with the sense of knowledge concerning the disease in the affected area and the nationwide population, during the first phase of a bird flu outbreak in Israel. Methods: We conducted a telephone survey among two randomly selected, representative samples of adults, during the first phase of a bird flu outbreak. One sample involved 500 adult residents of the nationwide area; and the other sample involved 103 adult residents of the affected area. We measured the use of mass media, emotions, interest, and sense of knowledge of the population concerning avian influenza. We analyzed the relationships between the sources of informa- tion and public emotions with the sense of knowledge using chi-square and t-tests. A P value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: TV viewers in the affected area had a significantly lower sense of knowledge concerning avian influenza (P<0.05). Internet users in the nationwide population had a significantly higher sense of knowledge (P<0.05). People in the affected area with higher levels of stress had a significantly lower sense of knowledge (P<0.05). People in the nation- wide population with a higher level of interest had a significantly higher sense of knowledge (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of the internet as a source of information, combined with a high level of interest and low levels of stress correlated with a high sense of knowledge concerning avian influenza during the early phase of an avian influenza outbreak in Israel. Authorities should consider these findings when planning the strategy of mass media use, in order to increase the public's sense of knowledge concerning the disease and to enhance control of the disease outbreak by im- proving the compliance of the population with the authorities' instructions.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"8-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}