The open epidemiology journal最新文献

Factors that Hindered Effective Containment of Coronavirus: A Nigerian Perspective 阻碍有效遏制冠状病毒的因素：尼日利亚视角

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.2174/1874297102109010001

H. Jamil, M. Faisal

{"title":"Factors that Hindered Effective Containment of Coronavirus: A Nigerian Perspective","authors":"H. Jamil, M. Faisal","doi":"10.2174/1874297102109010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297102109010001","url":null,"abstract":"Pandemic refers to an epidemic that spread over several countries, normally affecting a large number of people [1]. Coronavirus has recently been detected in the Wuhan region of China in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) used the term 2019 novel coronavirus to refer to the new coronavirus that affected the lower respiratory tract. This virus causes various symptoms, such as pneumonia, fever, breathing difficulty and lung infection, etc. This respiratory infection can be transmitted through droplets of various sizes. According to current evidence, the COVID-19 virus is primarily transmitted between people through respiratory droplets and contact routes. These viruse gradually spread across the globe. Considering the rate of spread, it became alarming and called for urgent attention by world leaders to combat the menace. In the war against COVID-19, health system resilience, accountability and integrity are more important than ever. The health systems of some high-incomecountries have become overwhelmed as a result of the rising number of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. The less resilient health systems of many low and middle-income countries (Nigeria is included), are even more vulnerable. With the high population as well as high population density in most part of the country, the risk of transmission and spread of the virus can never be overemphasized. If urgent and deliberate steps in the right direction are not taken by various stakeholders, the health system is at edge of complete collapse [2].","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47142099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Effectiveness of Bioresonance Method on Human Health 生物共振方法对人体健康的影响

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874297120190800001

Periklis Karakos, Tripsiannis Grigorios, Konstantinidis Theodoros, Lialiaris Theodoros

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Bioresonance Method on Human Health","authors":"Periklis Karakos, Tripsiannis Grigorios, Konstantinidis Theodoros, Lialiaris Theodoros","doi":"10.2174/1874297120190800001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297120190800001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Bioresonance is a holistic physical method that can be used diagnostically and therapeutically to treat various diseases. Bioresonance uses the electromagnetic waves it receives from the patient. This biophysical method of treatment alters the energy field of the affected organism, increasing the effectiveness of the autoimmune system, thus improving the patient’s overall health.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A quasi-experimental design was used to examine whether bioresonance had an effect on the symptoms of the patients. Statistical data processing involves a study of various parameters such as age, gender, studies, occupation, intolerance or illness as well as the existence and balancing of allergic charges. The study included 311 patients from doctors and bio-coordinating laboratories in Athens, Thessaloniki, Volos and Xanthi. The sample of the study included both men (120 subjects - 38.58%) and women (191 subjects – 61.42%), aged from 2 to 76 years old. The age group with the largest number of patients included those aged from 31 to 45.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The patients under treatment came forward with symptoms mostly nasal (61.09%), followed by eye, respiratory, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Most of the patients (90%) observe no symptoms at all or show significant improvement of their symptoms after a period of 12 months of bioresonance treatment. These results show that bioresonance intervention had a significant effect on the improvement of symptoms and this improvement is even obvious 12 months after the intervention; p<.01.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We believe that the forthcoming results contribute to a better understanding of the effect of bioresonance on the human body and its affect in preventing and restoring health issues.\u0000","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45994883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Evaluation of an Intervention to Reduce Tear Gas Exposures and Associated Acute Respiratory Illnesses in a US Army Basic Combat Training Cohort 在美国陆军基础战斗训练队列中减少催泪瓦斯暴露和相关急性呼吸系统疾病的干预评估

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2014-10-27 DOI: 10.2174/1874297120140701037

J. Hout, Duvel W. White, Michael Stevens, Alex H Stubner, A. Ariño, J. Knapik

{"title":"Evaluation of an Intervention to Reduce Tear Gas Exposures and Associated Acute Respiratory Illnesses in a US Army Basic Combat Training Cohort","authors":"J. Hout, Duvel W. White, Michael Stevens, Alex H Stubner, A. Ariño, J. Knapik","doi":"10.2174/1874297120140701037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297120140701037","url":null,"abstract":"Exposing unmasked US Army recruits to elevated levels of o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS tear gas) during Mask Confidence Training (MCT) increases the risk of Acute Respiratory Illness (ARI) diagnosis in the period following CS exposure when compared to the period before exposure. All Army Activities Message (ALARACT) 051/2013 was implemented in March 2013 to reduce CS exposure concentrations during MCT and associated ARI rates. This observational, prospective cohort studied CS exposures and associated ARI health outcomes after implementation of ALARACT 051/2013 in 5 298 recruits attending US Army Basic Combat Training (BCT). These data indicate a 10-fold reduction (p<0.001) in CS exposure concentrations; recruit exposures ranged from 0.26 - 2.78 mg/m 3 (ඃ烜=1.04 mg/m 3 ) and chamber operator exposures from 0.05 - 2.22 mg/m 3 (ඃ烜=1.05 mg/m 3 ). The overall risk of ARI diagnosis following CS exposure also decreased when compared to period before exposure (RR=1.79, 95%CI=1.29, 2.47) resulting in 26.85% (95%CI=-0.17, 0.54) intervention effectiveness. Post-chamber ARI rates were dependent upon CS exposure concentration (p=0.02), and pre/post-chamber ARI rate ratios were significantly elevated at all concentration categories higher than the Threshold Limit Value Ceiling (TLV-C) (0.39 mg/m 3 ). Results support previous research suggesting risk of ARI","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68063476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Childhood Cancer in the Republic of Suriname (1980 Through 2008) 苏里南共和国儿童癌症(1980 - 2008)

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2014-07-11 DOI: 10.2174/1874297120140701004

D. Mans, W. Zijlmans

{"title":"Childhood Cancer in the Republic of Suriname (1980 Through 2008)","authors":"D. Mans, W. Zijlmans","doi":"10.2174/1874297120140701004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297120140701004","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood cancer incidence in Suriname (South-America) was estimated using secondary data from 1980 to 2008, and these findings were stratified according to gender; age groups < 1, 1-4, 5-14, and 15-19 years; and the largest ethnic groups (Hindustanis, Maroons, Creoles, and Javanese). Data were expressed as total numbers, proportions, average yearly numbers, and/or crude incidence rates per 1,000,000 population per year. There were 290 malignancies in the period covered, i.e., about 10 new cases per year or 24 per 1,000,000 per year. The average yearly number of overall cancer increased from approximately 1 every two years in newborns to 3-4 per year in adolescents and young adults. Thirty to 35% of patients were Hindustani or Creole; the proportions of Javanese and Maroons patients were about twice and five times, respectively, lower. Leukemias and lymphomas comprised almost half of cases, each occurring 2 to 3 times per year. Bone tumors, soft-tissue sarcomas, and carcinomas were the most common non-hematological malignancies, occurring once or twice per year. Central nervous system tumors, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, renal tumors, primary hepatic tumors, and germ cell tumors were exceedingly rare. In conclusion, childhood cancer incidence in Suriname was relatively low; the individual histiotypes displayed an unusual ranking; and there were differences in the sex, age, and ethnic distribution of overall cancer as well as certain histiotypes. However, these observations might be biased by the use of crude rates, and underdiagnosis and incomplete registration of cases due to the absence of specialized (pediatric) cancer facilities in the country.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"27-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68063460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Bayesian and Frequentist Comparison for Epidemiologists: A NonMathematical Application on Logistic Regressions 流行病学家的贝叶斯和频率比较:逻辑回归的非数学应用

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2014-06-27 DOI: 10.2174/1874297120140618003

P. Salameh, M. Waked, G. Khayat, M. Dramaix

{"title":"Bayesian and Frequentist Comparison for Epidemiologists: A NonMathematical Application on Logistic Regressions","authors":"P. Salameh, M. Waked, G. Khayat, M. Dramaix","doi":"10.2174/1874297120140618003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297120140618003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Statistical frequentist techniques are sometimes misinterpreted or misused, while Bayesian techniques seem to present several practical advantages, such as accommodating small sample sizes, unobserved variables along with measurement errors and incorporating information from previous studies. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between waterpipe dependence and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), by comparing frequentist and Bayesian methods' results. Methods: It is a multicenter case-control study, comparing a group of COPD patients with a control group. COPD diagnosis was held after clinical and paraclinical testing, while a standardized questionnaire was used to evaluate smoking history. Both frequentist and Bayesian analyses were performed. Results: Although carried out on the same dataset, the results quantitatively differed between the frequentist and Bayesian analysis. Whenever the frequentist results were clear cut such as in case of cigarette smoking association with COPD, performing the MCMC method helped to increase the accuracy of the results, but did not change the direction of hypothesis acceptance, except in doubtful cases. When the frequentist p-value was ≤0.100, such as in case of smoking more than 15 waterpipe-years, the MCMC method improved deciding between the null and alternative hypothesis. Conclusion: The Bayesian approach may have advantages over the frequentist one, particularly in case of a low power of the frequentist analysis, due to low sample size or sparse data; the use of informative priors might be particularly useful in narrowing credible interval and precising the choice between the null and alternative hypothesis. In case of borderline frequentist results, the MCMC method may be more conservative, particularly without priors. However, in case of large sample sizes, using frequentist methods is preferred.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68063412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Lung Cancer Risk in Females Due to Exposures to PM2.5 in Taiwan 台湾女性暴露在PM2.5环境下的肺癌风险

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2014-06-13 DOI: 10.2174/1874297120140530002

P. Chiang, Chao W. Chen, D. Hsieh, T. Chan, H. Chiang, C. Wen

{"title":"Lung Cancer Risk in Females Due to Exposures to PM2.5 in Taiwan","authors":"P. Chiang, Chao W. Chen, D. Hsieh, T. Chan, H. Chiang, C. Wen","doi":"10.2174/1874297120140530002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297120140530002","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of exposures to the PM 2.5 in ambient air have increasingly attracted attention of health communities and government regulatory agencies as it has been implicated with a growing list of adverse health effects, including cardiopulmonary issues, premature death and lung cancer. However, the rates of adverse health effects and long term exposure to PM 2.5 in different populations have not been well quantified due to the lack of data. In this article, 25,427 daily PM 2.5 concentrations collected from the 73 air monitoring stations throughout Taiwan are extrapolated to 290 townships by Kriging method using GIS data. These townships are then stratified into 5 levels (in µg/m 3 ) of PM 2.5 : 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40 and above. Data on female lung cancer mortality taken from national statistics and the estimated PM 2.5 concentrations, considered as an exposure biomarker are combined to assess the effect of PM 2.5 on lung cancer. The average annual PM 2.5 concentration in Taiwan is 35.6±0.4 µg/m 3 . It is estimated that lung cancer mortality has a mean increase of 16% (6%-25%) for each 10 µg/m 3 increment of PM 2.5 concentration and one out of 9 female lung cancer deaths (11%) in Taiwan is attributed to the PM 2.5 exposures. This assessment is conducted using the commonly accepted principle of making the best use of available data for the stated objective. The limitations of data and the resultant conclusion are carefully articulated and discussed to advance further research.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"6-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68063359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Approaches to Calculation of Average Exposure in Analysis of Epidemiologic Cohorts Using Large Arylonitrile Cohort As An Example 流行病学队列分析中平均暴露量的计算方法——以大丙烯腈队列为例

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2014-05-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874297120140515001

L. Kopylev

引用次数: 1

Binary Regression Models with Log-Link in the Cohort Studies 队列研究中具有Log-Link的二元回归模型

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2013-10-04 DOI: 10.2174/1874297101306010018

K. Jalava, S. Räsänen, Kaija Ala-Kojola, Saara Nironen, J. Möttönen, J. Ollgren

引用次数: 0

Cryptococcosis, A Risk for Immunocompromised and Immunocompetent Individuals 隐球菌病，免疫功能低下和免疫正常个体的风险

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2013-09-20 DOI: 10.2174/1874297101306010009

M. M. Costa, F. Teixeira, Mioni Thielli, F. M. Brito, É. Valério, M. Monteiro

引用次数: 12

Assessment of Lifetime Occupational Exposure in an Epidemiologic Study of COPD COPD流行病学研究中的终身职业暴露评估

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2012-07-23 DOI: 10.2174/1874297101205010027

M. Graziani, B. Doney, E. Hnizdo, J. Villnave, Victor Breen, S. Weinmann, W. Vollmer, M. McBurnie, A. Buist, M. Heumann

{"title":"Assessment of Lifetime Occupational Exposure in an Epidemiologic Study of COPD","authors":"M. Graziani, B. Doney, E. Hnizdo, J. Villnave, Victor Breen, S. Weinmann, W. Vollmer, M. McBurnie, A. Buist, M. Heumann","doi":"10.2174/1874297101205010027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297101205010027","url":null,"abstract":"Ascertainment of lifetime occupational exposures in an epidemiological study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is important in order to investigate its effect on the disease and develop prevention strategies. The aim of our paper is to describe and evaluate a methodology used to assign lifetime occupational exposure to participants in a case-control study of COPD where lifetime occupational history was ascertained through telephone questionnaire interviews. The methodology involved assigning to each individual a qualitative index of potential exposure to eight occupational hazards, summarized individually overall the job categories reported by the individual, and an overall qualitative index of lifetime exposure to all eight hazards. The eight occupational hazards scored were mineral dusts, metal dusts/fumes, organic dusts, irritant gases/vapors, sensitizers, organic solvents, diesel exhaust, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Two industrial hygienists independently assigned the above indices based on: their expert opinion, a priori knowledge based on literature review, and study participants' responses to interviewer questions regarding types and duration of exposure. To evaluate agreement of the assigned scores, we used the Kappa statistic to test the agreement between the two scorers on each of the indices. The Kappa statistic generally indicated good agreement between the industrial hygienists' scores but varied by exposure from 0.42 to 0.86. Although the exposure scoring is somewhat subjective, it is based on experience of experts and review of the literature. This method, with subject interviews providing qualitative lifetime exposure data when air monitoring has not been conducted, is useful for reconstructing lifetime exposures.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68063195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5