The open epidemiology journal最新文献_第6页

Hospitalised eye injuries in New South Wales, Australia 澳大利亚新南威尔士州因眼部受伤住院

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2009-01-15 DOI: 10.2174/1874297100902010001

J. Long, R. Mitchell

{"title":"Hospitalised eye injuries in New South Wales, Australia","authors":"J. Long, R. Mitchell","doi":"10.2174/1874297100902010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100902010001","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This is the first population-based descriptive study of hospitalised eye injuries in New South Wales (NSW), Australia that also estimates the cost of these injures to the health system. The purpose is to describe the inci- dence and cause of hospitalised eye injuries in NSW from 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2005. Method: Hospitalised eye injuries in NSW were obtained from information recorded in the NSW Admitted Patients Data Collection and were identified using relevant International Classification of Disease, version 10 Australian modification (ICD-10-AM) codes pertaining to eye injury. Results: The annual rate of hospitalised eye injuries for NSW residents was 25.5 per 100,000 population. Males had higher rates of hospitalisation than females and males 20-24 years and females aged 85 years or over had the highest rates of hospitalisation for each gender. Injuries of the eye and orbit were the most common type of injury (40.8%) and inter- personal violence was the most common type of injury mechanism (27.4%). The home was the most common specified location of the incident and eye injuries were identified as work-related in 9.8% of cases. Conclusions: Eye injuries are an important cause of hospitalised injury in NSW. Preventive approaches to ocular trauma should be promoted to populations identified at risk.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Reduction in Hospitalisation for Cytomegalovirus Disease in HIV-Infected Patients Before and After the Introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy 采用高活性抗逆转录病毒治疗前后hiv感染患者巨细胞病毒病住院率的降低

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2008-11-06 DOI: 10.2174/1874297100801010057

H. Seale, D. Dwyer, C. Macintyre

{"title":"Reduction in Hospitalisation for Cytomegalovirus Disease in HIV-Infected Patients Before and After the Introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy","authors":"H. Seale, D. Dwyer, C. Macintyre","doi":"10.2174/1874297100801010057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100801010057","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to describe trends in hospital admissions by HIV-infected patients for cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in Australia in the eight year period from 1993 (before highly active antiretroviral therapy) to 2001 (widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy). Study Design: Using data from the National Hospital Morbidity Database (NHMD) complied by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), we examined the rates of hospital admissions for CMV in HIV-infected patients, by year, sex, age group, length of stay and number of diagnoses. Results: Between 1993 and 2001, 21,846 patients were admitted with both HIV infection and CMV disease. 30.2% (6610/21846) of the HIV infected patients admitted to hospital were principally diagnosed with CMV disease. By 2000- 2001, the rate of hospital admissions was only 45cases per 1000 HIV-infected population. Conclusion: Dramatic decreases in the number of hospitalizations for CMV disease in HIV-infected patients have oc- curred over the eight-year study period in Australia, which may be related to the introduction of highly active antiretrovi- ral therapy.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Climate Change: Impact on Viral Diseases 气候变化:对病毒性疾病的影响

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2008-11-05 DOI: 10.2174/1874297100801010053

E. Schvoerer, J. Massué, J. Gut, F. Stoll-Keller

引用次数: 7

The Variance of the Number of Effects in an Epidemiological Cohort - The Role of Dose Uncertainty 流行病学队列中效应数的方差——剂量不确定性的作用

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2008-10-15 DOI: 10.2174/1874297100801010048

G. Miller

{"title":"The Variance of the Number of Effects in an Epidemiological Cohort - The Role of Dose Uncertainty","authors":"G. Miller","doi":"10.2174/1874297100801010048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100801010048","url":null,"abstract":"Two basic formulas, for the mean and variance of the number of effects in an epidemiological cohort, are de- rived. The formula for variance shows \"extra-binomial variation\" or \"overdispersion\" when there is correlated uncertainty of the probability of an effect. The formulas were validated by a numerical Monte Carlo study. The method of including \"epistemic\" uncertainty discussed by Hofer (E. Hofer, Health Physics, 2007) is generalized to include separately uncer- tainty from a Bayesian posterior distribution when the prior is known, and uncertainty of the prior. In this note, two basic formulas, for the mean and vari- ance of the number of effects in an epidemiological cohort, are derived. It is conventionally assumed that the number of effects has either a Poisson or binomial distribution (1). The formula for the variance given here reduces to the binomial result in the case of no correlations of the probability of an effect, but shows \"extra-binomial variation\" or \"overdisper- sion\" when there are correlations. In practice, the variance could be calculated using the method advocated by Hofer (2), where, for each individual in an epidemiological cohort, some number j = 1…M of al- ternate realizations of the dose and hence the probability of an effect, taking into account possible correlations, are gen- erated using Monte Carlo. This method is generalized here to include separately uncertainty from a Bayesian posterior distribution when the prior is known, and uncertainties caused by lack of knowledge of the prior. This is because, within a linear dose-effect response model, the average num- ber of effects is proportional to the posterior-average- collec- tive dose, and the important uncertainty is that of the poste- rior-average-collective dose caused by lack of knowledge of the prior.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"48-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Quarter-Millenium of Cardiovascular Epidemiology 四分之一千年的心血管流行病学

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2008-10-10 DOI: 10.2174/1874297100801010040

A. Evans

{"title":"A Quarter-Millenium of Cardiovascular Epidemiology","authors":"A. Evans","doi":"10.2174/1874297100801010040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100801010040","url":null,"abstract":"According to George Rosen the roots of Epidemiology lie in the mid 17 th century, although Hippocrates was aware of some of its methods. Cardiovascular Epidemiology can be traced back to the mid 18 th century to the pioneering contribution of William Heberden (who coined the term 'angina pectoris') and John Fothergill. Proudfit in 1983 cited Jenner, Parry, Burns and Black as the originators of the ischaemic theory of angina pectoris. Of these four, Samuel Black's observations displayed a particularly epidemiological bent and he was the first to notice 'the French Paradox'. The description of myocardial infarction in living patients was not made until the late 19 th century. It was Sir James Mackenzie's community studies of disease in Scotland which ushered in modern Cardiovascular Epidemiology. His work influenced Paul Dudley White who was instrumental in the Framingham Study, where the term 'Risk Factor' was first ap- plied to cardiovascular disease, and involved at the inception of the Seven Counties study. Over the second half of the 20 th century the number and types of epidemiological studies mushroomed, but it is beyond the scope of this review to cover them exhaustively. We are now in the era of genomics and witnessing an 'Epidemiologi- cal Transition.' GENERAL BACKGROUND","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"40-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Drowning Rates in the Newly Independent States & Russian Federation: A Call for Research and Action 新独立国家和俄罗斯联邦的溺水率:呼吁进行研究和采取行动

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2008-07-23 DOI: 10.2174/1874297100801010036

H. Naci, T. Baker

引用次数: 3

Differences Between Urban and Rural Areas of the Republic of Suriname in the Ethnic and Age Distribution of Cancer - A Retrospective Study from 1980 Through 2004 苏里南共和国城乡地区癌症的种族和年龄分布差异——1980年至2004年的回顾性研究

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2008-06-23 DOI: 10.2174/1874297100801010030

D. Mans, E. Rijkaard, J. Dollart, G. Belgrave, S. S. T. A. Joe, R. Matadin, A. Algu, A.R.D. Hoeblal, R. Kalloe, Z. Nurmohamed, R. Rampadarath, R. N. Mohamedradja, A. Tewarie, S. Sewgobin, B. Ramautar, A. Jagesar, R. Mohan, S. Adhin, R. Bansie, Vrede

{"title":"Differences Between Urban and Rural Areas of the Republic of Suriname in the Ethnic and Age Distribution of Cancer - A Retrospective Study from 1980 Through 2004","authors":"D. Mans, E. Rijkaard, J. Dollart, G. Belgrave, S. S. T. A. Joe, R. Matadin, A. Algu, A.R.D. Hoeblal, R. Kalloe, Z. Nurmohamed, R. Rampadarath, R. N. Mohamedradja, A. Tewarie, S. Sewgobin, B. Ramautar, A. Jagesar, R. Mohan, S. Adhin, R. Bansie, Vrede","doi":"10.2174/1874297100801010030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100801010030","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated whether there were differences between the urban and rural areas of the Republic of Suriname with respect to the racial and age distribution of cancer between 1980 and 2004. Patient information was from the Patho- logic Anatomy Laboratory, relevant population data from the General Bureau of Statistics. Urban and rural cancer inci- dence rates (means ± SDs per 100,000 per year) were calculated for cancer overall as well as for the most common malig- nancies, and were stratified for the largest ethnic groups, viz. Creole, Hindustani, and Javanese, and for age strata 0-19, 20-49, and 50+ years. Rates for cancer overall and for most leading malignancies were up to 2.5-fold higher in the urban areas than in the rural areas. Furthermore, rates for urban Creole were 1.5- to 5-fold higher than those for rural Creole as well as Hindustani and Javanese from either residence. Also, rates for urban individuals of 50+ years were approximately twice those for rural people of the same age group. These tendencies were most apparent for gastrointestinal, breast, he- matological and prostate cancer. Our findings suggest that there were significant differences between the urban and rural areas of Suriname with respect to the ethnic and age distribution of cancer.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"30-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Brain and Central Nervous System Cancer and Benign Brain Tumors Among Chemical Plant Workers in Texas 德克萨斯州化工厂工人的脑部和中枢神经系统癌症和良性脑肿瘤

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2008-06-19 DOI: 10.2174/1874297100801010026

S. Haidar, C. Burns, Kay Birdsong, K. Bodner, Eugenio Salazar, J. Collins

引用次数: 2

The Risk of Uterine and Ovarian Cancer for Different Formulations of Hormone Therapy (HT) 不同配方激素治疗(HT)对子宫癌和卵巢癌的风险

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2008-06-04 DOI: 10.2174/1874297100801010017

T. Raff, J. Dinger, L. Heinemann, S. Möhner, D. M. Thai

{"title":"The Risk of Uterine and Ovarian Cancer for Different Formulations of Hormone Therapy (HT)","authors":"T. Raff, J. Dinger, L. Heinemann, S. Möhner, D. M. Thai","doi":"10.2174/1874297100801010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874297100801010017","url":null,"abstract":"Little has been published about the impact of different HT formulations or ways of administration on gynecological cancer risk. Two population-based case-control studies in collaboration with regional cancer registries and tumor centers in Germany were performed. Some 777 cases of ovarian cancer (OvC) and 1026 cases of uterine corpus cancer (UC) were compared with 3211 and 3668 matched controls for OvC and UC, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios for risk of cancer were 0.7 (0.6 -0.9) and 0.8 (0.7 -0.99) for OvC and UC for ever vs never use of HT. No clinically relevant trends for OvC and UC risk were observed with increasing duration of HT or with time since first/last use for ever or current use, in all and in postmenopausal women. Oral, transdermal, and other ways of HT administration were not associated with increased OvC or UC risk: nonsignificant adjusted ORs ranged between 0.6 and 1.3. Sequential and continuous-combined HT formulations showed reduced risk of OvC and UC, predominantly non-significant. This was similar for different types of estrogens and progestins. Combinations of CEE and MPA showed no other OvC/UC risk than combinations without CEE an MPA. In this study, HT use was not associated with an increased risk of OvC or UC and did not vary markedly among different HT formulations (estrogens, progestins, oral, and transdermal administration). However, small numbers and other limitations suggest cautious interpretation.","PeriodicalId":87834,"journal":{"name":"The open epidemiology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human Enterovirus 71 Disease: Clinical Features, Epidemiology, Virology, and Management 人类肠道病毒71型疾病:临床特征、流行病学、病毒学和管理

The open epidemiology journal Pub Date : 2008-05-14 DOI: 10.2174/1874297100801010010

Kow-Tong Chen, Ta-Chung Lee, Hsiao-Ling Chang, Mei-ching Yu, Li-hui Tang

引用次数: 6